amoxicillin-potassium-clavulanate-combination and Meningitis

Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Bacterial Capsules; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genes, Bacterial; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus Vaccines; Humans; Meningitis; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Serotyping; Vaccines, Conjugate; Virulence

In the management of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) fistulae, associated with head and facial injury, prophylactic antimicrobial drugs are employed commonly to prevent the occurrence of bacterial meningitis. Under normal circumstances, penicillins achieve a low csf/plasma concentration ratio, but trauma may reduce the efficacy of the blood-brain barrier and permit increased amounts of penicillins to enter the csf. To test this hypothesis, with respect to Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid), an animal study was undertaken. Under general anaesthesia, the brains and meninges of a group of 10 rabbits were traumatised to produce csf fistulae. Following the administration of an intravenous bolus of Augmentin, the blood and csf concentrations of Augmentin were measured over a period of 6 h and compared with those measurements from an untraumatised control group of 10 rabbits. No difference in the csf/plasma ratio was apparent between the two groups. The results of this study, therefore, suggest that trauma to the brain and meninges does not increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to Augmentin.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Atlanto-Occipital Joint; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Injuries; Cisterna Magna; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dura Mater; Fistula; Meninges; Meningitis; Rabbits; Spinal Cord