amoxicillin-potassium-clavulanate-combination and Brain-Injuries

Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Brain Injuries; Humans; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Ventilators, Mechanical

Topics: Aged; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Brain Injuries; Cats; Ciprofloxacin; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Food; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Metronidazole; Microsurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Orbit; Postoperative Care; Risk-Taking; Severity of Illness Index; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Penetrating; Wounds, Stab

The results of clinical and laboratory studies on the use of augmentin in severe purulent complications after neurosurgical operations are presented. The laboratory studies carried out with the use of an automatic system Cobas Bact (Roch) showed that the numbers of the augmentin resistant strains of Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae among the pathogens were 47 and an average of 64.5%, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria resistant to augmentin were 1.5 to 2 times less frequent than those resistant to amoxycillin. Still, they were much more frequent than those resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Clinical efficacy of augmentin was studied in treatment of 39 patients with various affections of the brain such as tumors, trauma, vascular malformations and inflammatory processes. The postoperative complications were represented by meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis and their associations. The use of augmentin in the severe intra- and extracranial complications was favourable in 82.1% of the cases.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Bacteria; Brain; Brain Injuries; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Surgical Wound Infection; Wound Infection

In the management of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) fistulae, associated with head and facial injury, prophylactic antimicrobial drugs are employed commonly to prevent the occurrence of bacterial meningitis. Under normal circumstances, penicillins achieve a low csf/plasma concentration ratio, but trauma may reduce the efficacy of the blood-brain barrier and permit increased amounts of penicillins to enter the csf. To test this hypothesis, with respect to Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid), an animal study was undertaken. Under general anaesthesia, the brains and meninges of a group of 10 rabbits were traumatised to produce csf fistulae. Following the administration of an intravenous bolus of Augmentin, the blood and csf concentrations of Augmentin were measured over a period of 6 h and compared with those measurements from an untraumatised control group of 10 rabbits. No difference in the csf/plasma ratio was apparent between the two groups. The results of this study, therefore, suggest that trauma to the brain and meninges does not increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to Augmentin.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Atlanto-Occipital Joint; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Injuries; Cisterna Magna; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dura Mater; Fistula; Meninges; Meningitis; Rabbits; Spinal Cord