amoxicillin-potassium-clavulanate-combination and AIDS-Related-Opportunistic-Infections

Respiratory infections are the most common complications in HIV patients, regardless of the degree of immunosuppression. Even though antiretroviral therapy has a protective effect on the risk of bacterial pneumonia, this still remains high (including those with CD(4)>500/mm(3)). The most frequently isolated bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The clinical and radiological presentations of lower respiratory tract infections in HIV patients are quite variable. The clinical presentation is more severe and the radiological presentation is more atypical if the immunosuppression is severe. The first-line antibiotic therapy is an injectable third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime) or co-amoxiclav. Pneumococcal vaccination (as well as influenza vaccine) is recommended. Although rare, Nocardia spp. and Rhodococcus equi seem more common among AIDS patients.

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cephalosporins; Community-Acquired Infections; Evidence-Based Medicine; France; Haemophilus influenzae; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Influenza Vaccines; Nocardia Infections; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Rhodococcus equi; Severity of Illness Index; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Clarithromycin; Duodenum; Humans; Male; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Skin Neoplasms; Tropheryma; Whipple Disease

Under certain permissive circumstances, normally occurring fusiform bacteria and Borrelia spirochetes can result in a symbiotic overgrowth that leads to necrotic oral ulcers (stomatitis), gingivitis, and periodontitis. These lesions are collectively known as oral fusospirochetosis and may be under-appreciated in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. Fusospirochetal oral ulcers in patients with HIV are often large, necrotic, and malodorous; they respond completely to penicillin. We report 3 patients with HIV infection and fusospirochetal ulcerative stomatitis and review the clinical presentation, microbiologic diagnosis, potential pathogenesis, and treatment of these lesions.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium Infections; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Spirochaetales Infections; Superinfection

We report a case of an HIV-infected child with a second episode of tuberculosis 22 months after completing antituberculosis treatment. DNA fingerprinting of organisms from both episodes showed an identical strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We believe this to be the first case of confirmed relapsed tuberculosis in an HIV-infected child, and suggest that a longer course of antituberculosis treatment be given to such children. ¿ 2000 The British Infection Society.

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antitubercular Agents; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethionamide; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Pyrazinamide; Radiography, Thoracic; Rifampin; Secondary Prevention; South Africa; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Botryomycosis is a bacterial infection of either the skin alone or in combination with visceral organs. It resembles a deep fungal infection. A histologic evaluation of cutaneous lesions reveals the characteristic Splendore-Hoepple phenomena and assists with management. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tend to have uncharacteristic lesions resembling common conditions such as prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus. Diagnosis in these cases can be challenging. We report the case of a patient with AIDS who was successfully treated with Augmentin (amoxicillin, clavulanate potassium). Complete resolution of the lesion occurred after the causative agent, Staphylococcus aureus, was identified.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Clavulanic Acids; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Staphylococcal Skin Infections