ammonium hydroxide and Epilepsy studies

Epilepsy: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Hyperammonemia can occur after acute overdose or chronic use of valproic acid (VPA)."	9.41	Risk factors of hyperammonemia in epilepsy patients with valproic acid therapy. ( Kim, DW; Kwack, DW, 2023)
"Epileptic children treated with VPA and free of neurological disabilities are at risk for hyperammonemia that may be associated with hypocarnitinemia."	9.14	The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status. ( Abdella, MM; Hamed, SA, 2009)
"Valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonemia (HA) is a rare adverse effect reported even at therapeutic VPA levels."	8.31	Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. ( Aghamollaii, V; Ghayyem, H; Hassani, M; Hosseini, H; Mayeli, M; Shafie, M; Shakiba, A, 2023)
"AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of lamotrigine (LTG) on blood ammonia level in patients with epilepsy and identify risk factors affecting blood ammonia level."	8.12	Risk factors of elevated blood ammonia level in epilepsy patients treated with lamotrigine. ( Chen, J; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Miao, J; Wang, R; Zeng, J; Zhuang, X, 2022)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is not only an antiepileptic drug but also a mood stabilizer for patients with bipolar disorder."	7.96	Association Between the Serum Carnitine Level and Ammonia and Valproic Acid Levels in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. ( Ishioka, M; Kubo, K; Miyazaki, K; Nakagami, T; Shimoda, K; Sugawara, N; Tarakita, N; Yasui-Furukori, N; Yokoyama, S, 2020)
"This study was aimed at identifying genetic and non-genetic risk factors for valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonaemia in Chinese paediatric patients with epilepsy."	7.88	Risk Factors for Valproic Acid-induced Hyperammonaemia in Chinese Paediatric Patients with Epilepsy. ( Li, X; Zhang, T; Zhao, L; Zhu, X, 2018)
"Valproic acid (VPA), which is widely used to treat epilepsy, migraine, and bipolar disorder, can causes severe hyperammonemia."	7.81	Influence of glutamine synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of hyperammonemia during valproic acid-based therapy. ( Hirai, K; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y, 2015)
"Valproic acid, a branched short-chain fatty acid, has numerous action mechanisms which turn it into a broad spectrum anticonvulsant drug and make its use possible in some other pathologies such as bipolar disorder."	7.80	Hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid concentrations. ( Alvariza, S; Fagiolino, P; Guevara, N; Ibarra, M; Magallanes, L; Maldonado, C; Olano, I; Olmos, I; Vázquez, M, 2014)
"Valproic acid, which is widely used to treat various types of epilepsy, may cause severe hyperammonemia."	7.80	4217C>A polymorphism in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 gene may not associate with hyperammonemia development during valproic acid-based therapy. ( Hayashi, H; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Miyakawa, K; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y; Yazawa, R, 2014)
"Hyperammonemia has been reported to be associated with patients who receive valproic acid (VPA) therapy."	7.80	Risk factors of hyperammonemia in patients with epilepsy under valproic acid therapy. ( Chang, CC; Chang, WN; Chen, NC; Chuang, YC; Huang, CR; Lin, CH; Lu, CH; Lu, YT; Tseng, YL, 2014)
"In November 1996, a panel of pediatric neurologists met to update the consensus statement issued in 1989 by a panel of neurologists and metabolic experts on L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy."	7.70	L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives. ( Bohan, TP; Coulter, DL; De Vivo, DC; Dreifuss, FE; Greenwood, RS; Nordli, DR; Shields, WD; Stafstrom, CE; Tein, I, 1998)
"Results: Mild cognitive impairment - MCI was diagnosed in 4 patients (28."	5.72	HYPERAMMONAEMIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS TREATED WITH VALPROIC ACID - PRELIMINARY STUDY. ( Dutkiewicz, J; Pilut, D; Szczygieł-Pilut, EE; Zajączkowska-Dutkiewicz, A, 2022)
"Hyperammonemia can occur after acute overdose or chronic use of valproic acid (VPA)."	5.41	Risk factors of hyperammonemia in epilepsy patients with valproic acid therapy. ( Kim, DW; Kwack, DW, 2023)
" Three groups of patients were studied: (A) epileptic under phenytoin monotherapy (n = 31); (B) with bipolar disorder under valproic acid treatment (n = 28); (C) elderly (n = 41)."	5.22	Carnitine and/or Acetylcarnitine Deficiency as a Cause of Higher Levels of Ammonia. ( Fagiolino, P; González, R; Guevara, N; Maldonado, C; Queijo, C; Vázquez, M, 2016)
"Epileptic children treated with VPA and free of neurological disabilities are at risk for hyperammonemia that may be associated with hypocarnitinemia."	5.14	The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status. ( Abdella, MM; Hamed, SA, 2009)
"Valproic acid (VPA) has been associated with hyperammonemia with and without encephalopathy."	5.14	Hyperammonemia following intravenous valproate loading. ( Beasley, MT; Cofield, S; DeWolfe, JL; Faught, E; Knowlton, RC; Limdi, NA, 2009)
"Valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonemia (HA) is a rare adverse effect reported even at therapeutic VPA levels."	4.31	Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. ( Aghamollaii, V; Ghayyem, H; Hassani, M; Hosseini, H; Mayeli, M; Shafie, M; Shakiba, A, 2023)
"AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of lamotrigine (LTG) on blood ammonia level in patients with epilepsy and identify risk factors affecting blood ammonia level."	4.12	Risk factors of elevated blood ammonia level in epilepsy patients treated with lamotrigine. ( Chen, J; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Miao, J; Wang, R; Zeng, J; Zhuang, X, 2022)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is not only an antiepileptic drug but also a mood stabilizer for patients with bipolar disorder."	3.96	Association Between the Serum Carnitine Level and Ammonia and Valproic Acid Levels in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. ( Ishioka, M; Kubo, K; Miyazaki, K; Nakagami, T; Shimoda, K; Sugawara, N; Tarakita, N; Yasui-Furukori, N; Yokoyama, S, 2020)
"This study was aimed at identifying genetic and non-genetic risk factors for valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonaemia in Chinese paediatric patients with epilepsy."	3.88	Risk Factors for Valproic Acid-induced Hyperammonaemia in Chinese Paediatric Patients with Epilepsy. ( Li, X; Zhang, T; Zhao, L; Zhu, X, 2018)
"Valproic acid (VPA), which is widely used to treat epilepsy, migraine, and bipolar disorder, can causes severe hyperammonemia."	3.81	Influence of glutamine synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of hyperammonemia during valproic acid-based therapy. ( Hirai, K; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y, 2015)
"Hyperammonemia has been reported to be associated with patients who receive valproic acid (VPA) therapy."	3.80	Risk factors of hyperammonemia in patients with epilepsy under valproic acid therapy. ( Chang, CC; Chang, WN; Chen, NC; Chuang, YC; Huang, CR; Lin, CH; Lu, CH; Lu, YT; Tseng, YL, 2014)
"Valproic acid, a branched short-chain fatty acid, has numerous action mechanisms which turn it into a broad spectrum anticonvulsant drug and make its use possible in some other pathologies such as bipolar disorder."	3.80	Hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid concentrations. ( Alvariza, S; Fagiolino, P; Guevara, N; Ibarra, M; Magallanes, L; Maldonado, C; Olano, I; Olmos, I; Vázquez, M, 2014)
"Valproic acid, which is widely used to treat various types of epilepsy, may cause severe hyperammonemia."	3.80	4217C>A polymorphism in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 gene may not associate with hyperammonemia development during valproic acid-based therapy. ( Hayashi, H; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Miyakawa, K; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y; Yazawa, R, 2014)
"To determine whether children with epilepsy undergoing valproate (VPA) antiepileptic therapy and who are otherwise healthy have a lower serum level of carnitine (CAR) and a higher plasma level of plasma ammonia than do normal children."	3.70	Valproate therapy does not deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children. ( Hirose, S; Mitsudome, A; Muta, Y; Ogawa, A; Tomoda, Y; Yasumoto, S, 1998)
"In November 1996, a panel of pediatric neurologists met to update the consensus statement issued in 1989 by a panel of neurologists and metabolic experts on L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy."	3.70	L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives. ( Bohan, TP; Coulter, DL; De Vivo, DC; Dreifuss, FE; Greenwood, RS; Nordli, DR; Shields, WD; Stafstrom, CE; Tein, I, 1998)
"Two adult patients with focal epilepsy who tolerated valproate (VPA) well in different combinations of anticonvulsants developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy when treated with VPA in combination with topiramate (TPM)."	3.70	Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the presence of topiramate. ( Hamer, HM; Knake, S; Rosenow, F; Schomburg, U, 2000)
"A 24-years-old woman with epilepsy treated with valproic acid developed disorientation, acalculia, perseveration, slow responsiveness and loss of memory."	3.70	[A case report of valproate encephalopathy]. ( Hirata, K; Katayama, S; Miyamoto, M; Miyamoto, T, 1999)
"The plasma levels of urea and ammonia were examined in patients with primary generalized epilepsy, patients with partial epilepsy and in the first-degree relatives of these subjects."	3.68	Plasma urea and ammonia in epileptic patients and their relatives. ( Hatase, O; Hosokawa, K; Itano, T; Janjua, NA; Kugoh, T; Matsui, H; Tokuda, M, 1992)
"Results: Mild cognitive impairment - MCI was diagnosed in 4 patients (28."	1.72	HYPERAMMONAEMIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS TREATED WITH VALPROIC ACID - PRELIMINARY STUDY. ( Dutkiewicz, J; Pilut, D; Szczygieł-Pilut, EE; Zajączkowska-Dutkiewicz, A, 2022)
"Biotinidase deficiency is a treatable cause of infantile epilepsy and the presentation can be nonspecific."	1.40	Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry in biotinidase deficiency causing diagnostic conundrum. ( Brown, R; Calvin, J; Hogg, S; Krishnakumar, D; Maw, A; Parker, AP, 2014)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters are necessary to predict the optimum therapeutic level after administration."	1.37	Pharmacokinetics and clinical application of intravenous valproate in Thai epileptic children. ( Bhudhisawadi, K; Chulavatnatol, S; Kaojareon, S; Vaewpanich, J; Visudtibhan, A, 2011)
"Transient hyperammonemia was observed in the majority of generalized tonic-clonic seizure patients examined in this study but not in those with other causes of consciousness disturbance."	1.36	Postictal transient hyperammonemia as an indicator of seizure disorder. ( Lee, CW; Lin, TJ; Liu, KT; Su, CS; Yang, SC; Yeh, IJ, 2010)
"A partial but significant inhibition of convulsions was found in these animals."	1.31	Evidence for an involvement of the ammonia-decreasing action of L-arginine in suppressing picrotoxin-induced convulsions in rats and its additive action with diazepam. ( Jayakumar, AR; Vanaja, P, 2001)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug widely used in paediatrics."	1.30	[Evaluation of the effect of long term valproic acid treatment on plasma levels of carnitine, ammonia and amino acids related to the urea cycle in pediatric epileptic patients]. ( Jiménez, C; Lluch-Fernández, MD; Marchante-Serrano, C; Navarro-Quesada, FJ; Vaquero-Abellán, M, 1997)
"Valproic acid (VPA)-induced encephalopathy is a rarely considered side effect, with somnolence, reduced motor activity and severe deterioration of cognitive and behavioural abilities."	1.30	[Encephalopathies caused by valproate]. ( Bräunig, P; Göbel, R; Görtzen, A, 1999)
" In both group A and group B patients, plasma ammonia levels were correlated with the valproic acid dosage (r = 0."	1.30	Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia in children receiving valproic acid with and without other anticonvulsant drugs. ( Chiarelli, F; Greco, R; Morgese, G; Verrotti, A, 1999)
"Free carnitine was low in tube-fed patients, as compared with that in oral-fed patients."	1.28	[The problems of valproate therapy in severely handicapped children--valproate induced hyperammonemia and hypocarnitinemia]. ( Iwamoto, H; Kobayashi, T; Matsui, K; Miyake, S; Ohtsuki, N; Yamada, M, 1991)
"5 of these patients developed toxic encephalopathy with hyperammonemia induced by VPA."	1.27	Treatment of epileptic patients with valproic acid does not modify plasma and urine short-chain-fatty acids. ( Arnetoli, G; Boncinelli, L; Campostrini, R; Paganini, M; Zaccara, G; Zappoli, R, 1983)
" In 8 of them, a therapeutic dosage of VPA caused modifications of the state of consciousness ranging from coma to drowsiness and stupor."	1.27	Hyperammonemia and valproate-induced alterations of the state of consciousness. A report of 8 cases. ( Arnetoli, G; Campostrini, R; Moroni, F; Paganini, M; Zaccara, G; Zappoli, R, 1984)
"Valproic acid (VPA) was given to 24 epileptic patients who were already being treated with other antiepileptic drugs."	1.27	Acute changes of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid. ( Arnetoli, G; Baruzzi, A; Campostrini, R; Moroni, F; Paganini, M; Targioni, G; Valenza, T; Zaccara, G; Zappoli, R, 1984)
" Twenty-three patients complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free."	1.27	Long-term treatment with sodium valproate: monitoring of venous ammonia concentrations and adverse effects. ( Arnetoli, G; Campostrini, R; Messori, A; Paganini, M; Valenza, T; Zaccara, G; Zappoli, R, 1987)
"Seventeen patients with partial epilepsy had electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring concurrent with cerebral positron emission computed tomography (PECT) after 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) and 13N-ammonia (13NH3) were given intravenously as indicators of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglc) and relative perfusion, respectively."	1.26	Epileptic patterns of local cerebral metabolism and perfusion in humans determined by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. ( Engel, J; Kuhl, DE; Phelps, ME; Selin, C, 1980)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	36 (37.50)	18.7374
1990's	24 (25.00)	18.2507
2000's	11 (11.46)	29.6817
2010's	17 (17.71)	24.3611
2020's	8 (8.33)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Rett Syndrome, MECP2 Duplication Disorder, and Rett- Related Disorders Natural History Protocol[NCT02738281]		1,044 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-11-30	Completed
Biobanking of Rett Syndrome and Related Disorders Protocol[NCT02705677]		752 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-09-01	Completed
Investigation on the Effects of an Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Constipation in People With Rett Syndrome[NCT05687214]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-16	Completed
Effect of Adding Lamotrigine to Sodium Valproate in Childhood Epilepsy: Clinicolabratory Study[NCT05881928]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-25	Not yet recruiting
Estudio clínico Fase III Para Evaluar la Eficacia terapéutica en Pacientes Mexicanos Con Dislipidemia Mediante el Uso vía Oral de L-Carnitina + Atorvastatina Comparado Con Atorvastatina[NCT03696940]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-28	Active, not recruiting
Valproic Acid-associated Hypoalbuminemia in Medically Fragile Pediatric and Young Adult Patients in a Long Term Care Facility Part 1: Potential Mechanism for Decreased Albumin Synthesis[NCT00723762]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2009-02-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Risk factors and outcome of hyperammonaemia in people with epilepsy. Journal of neurology, 2022, Volume: 269, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Observational Studies as Topic; Oxcarbazepine; Ris	2022
Risk factors of hyperammonemia in epilepsy patients with valproic acid therapy. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2023, Volume: 233 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Risk Factors; Topiramate; Valproi	2023
Lesson of the month 1: Sodium valproate-induced encephalopathy. Clinical medicine (London, England), 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Carnitine; Consciousness Disorders; Epilepsy; Humans	2018
Roles of glutamine synthetase inhibition in epilepsy. Neurochemical research, 2012, Volume: 37, Issue:11 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutam	2012
The measurement of ammonia blood levels in patients taking valproic acid: looking for problems where they do not exist? Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2007, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; MEDLINE; Retrospective Studies; Valproic A	2007
Ionic conditions and membrane behavior. Advances in neurology, 1980, Volume: 27 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Epilepsy; Ion Channels; Ions; Membrane Potentials; Membr	1980
[Late diagnosis of congenital argininemia during administration of sodium valproate]. Revue neurologique, 1990, Volume: 146, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Arginine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Psych	1990
[Biochemical aspects of seizures in convulsive diseases]. Studii si cercetari de neurologie, 1969, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Cell Membrane; Epilepsy; Fatty Acids; Humans;	1969

Article	Year
Carnitine and/or Acetylcarnitine Deficiency as a Cause of Higher Levels of Ammonia. BioMed research international, 2016, Volume: 2016 Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ammonia; Bipolar Disorder; Carnitine; E	2016
Hyperammonemia following intravenous valproate loading. Epilepsy research, 2009, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Anticonvulsants; Bilirubin; Dose-Response Relationship,	2009
The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status. Epilepsy research, 2009, Volume: 86, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Ma	2009
Potential relationships between transaminase abnormality and valproic acid clearance or serum carnitine concentrations in Japanese epileptic patients. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carnitine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	2008
The effect of carnitine supplementation in valproate-induced hyperammonaemia. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chil	1996

Article	Year
Risk factors of elevated blood ammonia level in epilepsy patients treated with lamotrigine. Medicine, 2022, Jul-01, Volume: 101, Issue:26 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Lamotrigine; Risk Factors; Seizures; Tri	2022
HYPERAMMONAEMIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS TREATED WITH VALPROIC ACID - PRELIMINARY STUDY. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 2022, Volume: 75, Issue:6 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperammonemia;	2022
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Risperidone; Valproic Acid	2023
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Risperidone; Valproic Acid	2023
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Risperidone; Valproic Acid	2023
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in neuropsychiatric disorders: a 2-year clinical survey. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Risperidone; Valproic Acid	2023
Association Between the Serum Carnitine Level and Ammonia and Valproic Acid Levels in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2020, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Carnitine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	2020
Transient hyperammonaemia following epileptic seizures in cats. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2021, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Epilepsy; Hyperammonemia; Retrospective Studies; Seizures	2021
Metformin, valproic acid, and starvation induce seizures in a patient with partial SLC13A5 deficiency: a case of pharmaco-synergistic heterozygosity. Psychiatric genetics, 2021, 02-01, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Ammonia; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Autistic Disorder; Bipolar Disord	2021
Risk Factors for Valproic Acid-induced Hyperammonaemia in Chinese Paediatric Patients with Epilepsy. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2018, Volume: 123, Issue:5 Topics: Age Factors; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	2018
Hyperammonemia in idiopathic epileptic seizure. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2013, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Adult; Ammonia; Emergency Service, Hospital; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydrogen	2013
Hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid concentrations. BioMed research international, 2014, Volume: 2014 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Bipolar Disorder; Carnitine; Child; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response R	2014
4217C>A polymorphism in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 gene may not associate with hyperammonemia development during valproic acid-based therapy. Epilepsy research, 2014, Volume: 108, Issue:6 Topics: Alleles; Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Asian People; Biomarkers, Pharmac	2014
Risk factors of hyperammonemia in patients with epilepsy under valproic acid therapy. Medicine, 2014, Volume: 93, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Age	2014
Influence of glutamine synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of hyperammonemia during valproic acid-based therapy. Seizure, 2015, Volume: 33 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Genotype; Glutamate	2015
Applications of external cavity diode laser-based technique to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: chronic kidney disease, epilepsy. Journal of biomedical optics, 2016, 08-01, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Ammonia; Breath Tests; Epilepsy; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic	2016
Hyperammonemia induced by prophylactic administration of antiepileptic drugs during the perioperative period of craniotomy. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2016, Nov-01, Volume: 462 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Chemoprevention; Craniotomy; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Mal	2016
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, rapidly improved by i.v. carnitine and glucose/thiamine. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2010, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Carnitine; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr	2010
Pharmacokinetics and clinical application of intravenous valproate in Thai epileptic children. Brain & development, 2011, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy; Fe	2011
Postictal transient hyperammonemia as an indicator of seizure disorder. European neurology, 2010, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Male;	2010
Blood ammonia levels in epileptic children on 2 dose ranges of valproic acid monotherapy: a cross-sectional study. Journal of child neurology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy; Fluorescence P	2011
Correlation between plasma ammonia level and serum trough concentration of free valproic acid in patients with epilepsy. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Asian People; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female	2012
Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry in biotinidase deficiency causing diagnostic conundrum. Journal of child neurology, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Biotinidase Deficiency; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactic Ac	2014
[Study of blood ammonia in periodic psychosis and in the epileptic state. Psychotoxic value of certain digestive disorders therapeutic trials]. Annales medico-psychologiques, 1962, Volume: 120(2) Topics: Ammonia; Catatonia; Epilepsy; Gastroenterology; Humans; Mental Disorders; Peptides; Psychoses, Subst	1962
Drug induced encephalopathy in six epileptic patients: topiramate? valproate? or both? Human psychopharmacology, 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroen	2004
Spike-wave stupor in a patient with metabolic encephalopathy. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Coma; Diagnosis, Differential; Diazepam; Electr	2007
Massive valproic acid overdose, a misleading case. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2008, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Charcoal; Coma; Drug Overdose; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; P	2008
The measurement of ammonia blood levels in patients taking valproic acid: looking for problems where they do not exist? Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2008, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Valproic Acid	2008
Metabolic testing in the pediatric epilepsy unit. Pediatric neurology, 2008, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography;	2008
Secondary hyperammonaemia: a possible mechanism for valproate encephalopathy. Lancet (London, England), 1980, Jun-14, Volume: 1, Issue:8181 Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Brain Diseases; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Propionates; Valproic Ac	1980
Ammonia metabolism in the CNS. Progress in neurobiology, 1983, Volume: 20, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acyltransferases; Amidohydrolases; Ammonia; Animals; Asparaginase; Brain; Cats; Central Nervous Syst	1983
[Anticonvulsant: a possible cause of abnormal nitrogen metabolism in epileptics with severe physical and mental disabilities]. Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica, 1983, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Child; Disabled Persons; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Inte	1983
[Sodium valproate: a hyperammonemic drug. Study in the epileptic and healthy volunteer]. Journal of the neurological sciences, 1983, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination;	1983
Sodium valproate associated with phenobarbital: effects on ammonia metabolism in humans. Epilepsia, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Valproic	1983
Valproate-induced hyperammonemia in asymptomatic children. Cleveland Clinic quarterly, 1983,Fall, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Liver; Valproic Acid	1983
Treatment of epileptic patients with valproic acid does not modify plasma and urine short-chain-fatty acids. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1983, Volume: 68, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Brain Diseases; Butyrates; Epilepsy; Fatty Acids; Female; Hemiterpenes;	1983
[Role of hyperammonemia in stuporous states induced by sodium valproate]. Revue neurologique, 1983, Volume: 139, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Glutamine; Humans; U	1983
Hyperammonemia and valproate-induced alterations of the state of consciousness. A report of 8 cases. European neurology, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Unconsciousness; Valproic Acid	1984
Acute changes of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid. Neurology, 1984, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Child; Consciousness Disorders; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle A	1984
Venous blood ammonia concentrations in adult epileptic patients are increased by treatment with valproic acid. Acta neurologica, 1984, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Valproic Acid	1984
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: report of 35 cases. Annals of neurology, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Apraxias; Ataxia; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development; Child, Pr	1983
Epileptic patterns of local cerebral metabolism and perfusion in humans determined by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. Annals of neurology, 1980, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Glucose;	1980
Valproate-induced hyperammonemia. Annals of neurology, 1982, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synt	1982
Ammonia: assessment of its action on postsynaptic inhibition as a cause of convulsions. Brain : a journal of neurology, 1980, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy; Motor Neurons; Neural Con	1980
Neurological deterioration in patients with urea cycle disorders under valproate therapy--a cause for concern. European journal of pediatrics, 1995, Volume: 154, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Arginine; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans	1995
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: MR appearance. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1994, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Atrophy; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Cerebral Cortex; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilep	1994
Ammonia-independent modifications of the background EEG signal and paradoxical enhancement of epileptic abnormalities in EEG after acute administration of valproate to epileptic patients. Neuropharmacology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Arousal; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy	1993
Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication. Epilepsia, 1996, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Ammonia; Carnitine; Coma; Drug Overdose; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Valpro	1996
[The Ohtahara's syndrome: a special form of age-dependent epilepsy]. Revista de neurologia, 1997, Volume: 25, Issue:138 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Age of Onset; Ammonia; Brain; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female;	1997
Diet- and valproate-induced transient hyperammonemia: effect of L-carnitine. Pediatric neurology, 1997, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Diet; Epilepsy; Female	1997
[Evaluation of the effect of long term valproic acid treatment on plasma levels of carnitine, ammonia and amino acids related to the urea cycle in pediatric epileptic patients]. Revista de neurologia, 1997, Volume: 25, Issue:143 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Glu	1997
Asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children treated with valproic acid. Journal of child neurology, 1997, Volume: 12, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; H	1997
Valproate therapy does not deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children. Pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 101, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male;	1998
L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives. Epilepsia, 1998, Volume: 39, Issue:11 Topics: Age Factors; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Chi	1998
[Encephalopathies caused by valproate]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 1999, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy; Humans; Middle Aged; V	1999
Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia in children receiving valproic acid with and without other anticonvulsant drugs. International journal of clinical & laboratory research, 1999, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; H	1999
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the presence of topiramate. Neurology, 2000, Jan-11, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography;	2000
[A case report of valproate encephalopathy]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 1999, Volume: 39, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Diseases; Carnitine; Epilepsy; Female; Hum	1999
Evidence for an involvement of the ammonia-decreasing action of L-arginine in suppressing picrotoxin-induced convulsions in rats and its additive action with diazepam. Neurological research, 2001, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy; GABA Antagonists; GABA Mod	2001
Valproate acute administration, EEG epileptic abnormalities, and ammonemia. Neurology, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Valproic Acid	1992
Low urea and high ammonia levels in plasma in epileptic patients and their relatives. The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology, 1992, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Urea	1992
Plasma urea and ammonia in epileptic patients and their relatives. Epilepsy research, 1992, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Child; Citrulline; Epilepsy; Family; Female; Humans; Male;	1992
Valproate-induced lethal hyperammonaemic coma in a carrier of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Ammonia; Child, Preschool; Coma; Epilepsy; Female; Heterozygote; Humans; Ornithine Carbamoyltransfer	1991
[The problems of valproate therapy in severely handicapped children--valproate induced hyperammonemia and hypocarnitinemia]. No to hattatsu = Brain and development, 1991, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Enteral Nutrition;	1991
Ammonia and carnitine concentrations in children treated with sodium valproate compared with other anticonvulsant drugs. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1991, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Erythrocytes; Fe	1991
Effects of acute valproic acid administration on carnitine plasma concentrations in epileptic patients. Epilepsy research, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Carnitine; Epilepsy; Humans; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Valproic Acid	1991
Hyperaminoacidemia in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 1990, Volume: 6, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Valproic Acid	1990
[Incidence of pathologic ammonia concentrations in the plasma in children with seizure disorders treated with Convulsofin/Convulex and other anticonvulsants in comparison with children with brain damage and healthy children]. Kinderarztliche Praxis, 1990, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain Damage, Chronic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury;	1990
Valproate-associated hyperammonemia and DL-carnitine supplement. The Kobe journal of medical sciences, 1987, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Carbamazepine; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Dru	1987
Renal handling of carnitine in children with carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia associated with valproate therapy. The Journal of pediatrics, 1986, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Ammonia; Carnitine; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Kidney; Metabolic Clearance R	1986
[Hyperammonemia in valproate therapy in children and adolescents]. Der Nervenarzt, 1986, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Ma	1986
[Hyperammonemia during sodium valproate therapy: clinically relevant or accidental finding?]. Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1986, Jul-15, Volume: 75, Issue:29 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Valproic Acid	1986
Long-term treatment with sodium valproate: monitoring of venous ammonia concentrations and adverse effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1987, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Ammonia; Body Weight; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Gastrointestinal Disease	1987
Blood ammonia level during valproic acid therapy. The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology, 1986, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Hu	1986
Hyperamino-acidaemia and hyperammonaemia in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. European journal of pediatrics, 1988, Volume: 148, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Valproic Acid	1988
Adaptation of hepatic ammonia metabolism after chronic valproate administration in epileptics treated with phenytoin. European neurology, 1985, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Ammonia; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; H	1985
Chronic valproic acid therapy and incidence of increases in venous plasma ammonia. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1985, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Interactions; Epileps	1985
[Effects of valproate on mitochondrial function in epileptic patients]. No to hattatsu = Brain and development, 1985, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Ammonia; Carnitine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mi	1985
[The dynamics of various metabolic indices in epileptic patients during therapeutic remission]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1972, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Ammonia; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Brain Chemistry; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-G	1972
[Partial and complete discontinuation of treatment in epilepsy]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1973, Volume: 73, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Blood Proteins; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence	1973
[The neuro-psychic complications of chronic alcoholism]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1968, Jan-08, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Ammonia; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Citric Acid C	1968
Argininosuccinicaciduria: clinical, metabolic and dietary study. Journal of mental deficiency research, 1974, Volume: 18, Issue:0 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Arginase; Arginine; Ataxia; Child	1974
Psychomotor retardation, epileptic and stuporous attacks, irritability and ataxia associated with ammonia intoxication, high blood ornithine levels and increased homocitruline in the urine. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1973, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Ataxia; Citrulline; Epilepsy; Female; Humans;	1973
[On the probable pathogenetic mechanisms of epilepsy]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1967, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Asparagine; Carboxy-Lyases; Epilepsy; Glutamates; Li	1967
[The effect of olfactory stimuli on the seizure disposition in epilepsy]. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1967, Jan-01, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Menthol;	1967
[Amino acid content in the cerebrospinal fluid in epilepsy]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1965, Volume: 65, Issue:8 Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Asparagine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Epilepsy; Glutamates; Histidine; Hum	1965

ammonium hydroxide and Epilepsy

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (96)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Chen, Y	1
Chen, J	1
Zhuang, X	1
Chen, X	1
Zeng, J	1
Wang, R	1
Miao, J	1
Vakrinou, A	1
Murphy, E	1
Sisodiya, SM	1
Vivekananda, U	1
Balestrini, S	1
Szczygieł-Pilut, EE	1
Zajączkowska-Dutkiewicz, A	1
Pilut, D	1
Dutkiewicz, J	1
Hosseini, H	3
Shafie, M	3
Shakiba, A	3
Ghayyem, H	3
Mayeli, M	3
Hassani, M	3
Aghamollaii, V	3
Kwack, DW	1
Kim, DW	1
Yokoyama, S	2
Yasui-Furukori, N	1
Nakagami, T	1
Miyazaki, K	1
Ishioka, M	1
Tarakita, N	1
Kubo, K	1
Sugawara, N	1
Shimoda, K	1
Nilsson, CH	1
Svensson, MB	1
Säve, SJ	1
Van Meervenne, SA	1
Kopel, J	1
Grooms, A	1
Ganapathy, V	1
Clothier, J	1
Zhu, X	1
Li, X	1
Zhang, T	1
Zhao, L	1
Camilleri, L	1
Nakamura, K	1
Yamane, K	1
Shinohara, K	1
Doi, K	1
Inokuchi, R	1
Hiruma, T	1
Nakajima, S	1
Noiri, E	1
Yahagi, N	1
Vázquez, M	2
Fagiolino, P	2
Maldonado, C	2
Olmos, I	1
Ibarra, M	1
Alvariza, S	1
Guevara, N	2
Magallanes, L	1
Olano, I	1
Inoue, K	2
Suzuki, E	2
Takahashi, T	2
Yamamoto, Y	2
Yazawa, R	1
Takahashi, Y	2
Imai, K	2
Miyakawa, K	1
Inoue, Y	2
Tsuji, D	2
Hayashi, H	1
Itoh, K	2
Tseng, YL	1
Huang, CR	1
Lin, CH	1
Lu, YT	1
Lu, CH	1
Chen, NC	1
Chang, CC	1
Chang, WN	1
Chuang, YC	1
Hirai, K	1
Queijo, C	1
González, R	1
Bayrakli, I	1
Turkmen, A	1
Akman, H	1
Sezer, MT	1
Kutluhan, S	1
Guo, X	1
Gao, L	1
Lin, W	1
Wu, Y	1
Wang, Q	1
Xing, B	1
Xu, Z	1
DeWolfe, JL	1
Knowlton, RC	1
Beasley, MT	1
Cofield, S	1
Faught, E	1
Limdi, NA	1
Hamed, SA	1
Abdella, MM	1
Bøhmer, T	1
Bøen, A	1
Høymork, SC	1
Visudtibhan, A	1
Bhudhisawadi, K	1
Vaewpanich, J	1
Chulavatnatol, S	1
Kaojareon, S	1
Liu, KT	1
Lee, CW	1
Yang, SC	1
Yeh, IJ	1
Lin, TJ	1
Su, CS	1
Sharma, S	1
Gulati, S	1
Kabra, M	1
Kalra, V	1
Vasisht, S	1
Gupta, YK	1
Eid, T	1
Behar, K	1
Dhaher, R	1
Bumanglag, AV	1
Lee, TS	1
Itoh, H	1
Suzuki, Y	1
Fujisaki, K	1
Sato, Y	1
Takeyama, M	1
Krishnakumar, D	1
Maw, A	1
Brown, R	1
Hogg, S	1
Calvin, J	1
Parker, AP	1
BARUK, H	1
FABIANI, P	1
Latour, P	1
Biraben, A	1
Polard, E	1
Bentué-Ferrer, D	1
Beauplet, A	1
Tribut, O	1
Allain, H	1
Day, B	1
Chicharro, AV	1
de Marinis, AJ	1
Kanner, AM	1
Sikma, MA	1
Mier, JC	1
Meulenbelt, J	1
Nicolai, J	1
Carr, RB	1
Goto, S	1
Seo, T	1
Hagiwara, T	1
Ueda, K	1
Yamauchi, T	1
Nagata, S	1
Ando, Y	1
Ishitsu, T	1
Nakagawa, K	1
Parikh, S	1
Cohen, BH	1
Gupta, A	1
Lachhwani, DK	1
Wyllie, E	2
Kotagal, P	1
Coulter, DL	2
Allen, RJ	1
Kvamme, E	1
Takei, M	1
Lux, HD	1
Marescaux, C	5
Warter, JM	4
Laroye, M	1
Rumbach, L	4
Micheletti, G	4
Koehl, C	2
Imler, M	4
Kurtz, D	2
Brandt, C	2
Chabrier, G	3
Wyllie, R	1
Rothner, AD	1
Erenberg, G	1
Cruse, RP	1
Zaccara, G	6
Boncinelli, L	1
Paganini, M	6
Campostrini, R	6
Arnetoli, G	5
Zappoli, R	5
Collard, M	2
Moroni, F	2
Valenza, T	3
Targioni, G	1
Baruzzi, A	2
Angelastro, R	1
Bartelli, M	1
Hagberg, B	1
Aicardi, J	1
Dias, K	1
Ramos, O	1
Kuhl, DE	1
Engel, J	1
Phelps, ME	1
Selin, C	1
Batshaw, ML	1
Brusilow, SW	1
Iles, JF	1
Jack, JJ	1
Sewell, AC	2
Böhles, HJ	1
Herwig, J	1
Demirkol, M	1
Baganz, MD	1
Dross, PE	1
Sannita, WG	2
Balestra, V	1
DiBon, G	1
Hassan, KM	1
Rosadini, G	1
Murakami, K	1
Sugimoto, T	1
Woo, M	1
Nishida, N	1
Muro, H	1
Böhles, H	1
Wenzel, D	1
Campistol, J	1
García-García, JJ	1
Lobera, E	1
Sanmartí, FX	1
Conill, J	1
Fernández-Alvarez, E	1
Gidal, BE	1
Inglese, CM	1
Meyer, JF	1
Pitterle, ME	1
Antonopolous, J	1
Rust, RS	1
Navarro-Quesada, FJ	1
Lluch-Fernández, MD	1
Vaquero-Abellán, M	1
Marchante-Serrano, C	1
Jiménez, C	1
Altunbaşak, S	1
Baytok, V	1
Tasouji, M	1
Hergüner, O	1
Burgut, R	1
Kayrin, L	1
Hirose, S	1
Mitsudome, A	1
Yasumoto, S	1
Ogawa, A	1
Muta, Y	1
Tomoda, Y	1
De Vivo, DC	1
Bohan, TP	1
Dreifuss, FE	1
Greenwood, RS	1
Nordli, DR	1
Shields, WD	1
Stafstrom, CE	1
Tein, I	1
Göbel, R	1
Görtzen, A	1
Bräunig, P	1
Verrotti, A	1
Greco, R	1
Morgese, G	1
Chiarelli, F	1
Hamer, HM	1
Knake, S	1
Schomburg, U	1
Rosenow, F	1
Miyamoto, T	1
Miyamoto, M	1
Hirata, K	1
Katayama, S	1
Vanaja, P	1
Jayakumar, AR	1
Janjua, N	1
Itano, T	2
Kugoh, T	3
Hosokawa, K	3
Hatase, O	2
Janjua, NA	1
Matsui, H	1
Tokuda, M	1
Tokatli, A	1
Coşkun, T	1
Cataltepe, S	1
Ozalp, I	1
Matsui, K	1
Iwamoto, H	1
Ohtsuki, N	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Miyake, S	1
Yamada, M	1
Thom, H	1
Carter, PE	1
Cole, GF	1
Stevenson, KL	1
Riva, R	1
Albani, F	1
Galli, G	1
Castro-Gago, M	1
Rodrigo-Saez, E	1
Novo-Rodriguez, I	1
Camiña, MF	1
Rodriguez-Segade, S	1
Wiedemann, G	1
Haupt, M	1
Rommel, A	1
Rommel, KF	1
Biesenbach, R	1
Schmidt, W	1
Christmann, D	1
Hirsch, E	1
Mutschler, V	1
Colombo, JP	1
Komatsu, M	1
Kodama, S	1
Konishi, H	1
Tanaka, K	1
Momota, K	1
Wada, H	1
Matsuo, T	1
Matsuda, I	1
Ohtani, Y	1
Ninomiya, N	1
Laub, MC	1
Ettlin, T	1
Scollo-Lavizzari, G	1
Messori, A	1
Yamamoto, M	1
Iinuma, K	1
Hayasaka, K	1
Narisawa, K	1
Tada, K	1
Hori, K	1
Haidukewych, D	1
John, G	1
Zielinski, JJ	1
Rodin, EA	1
Kanayama, M	1
Sugiyama, N	1
Morishita, H	1
Ishikawa, T	1
Wada, Y	1
Akiyama, T	1
Fridliandskiĭ, AI	1
Fridlianskiĭ, AI	1
Lamotte, M	1
Segrestaa, JM	1
Caulin, C	1
Hugues, FC	1
Brenton, DP	1
Cusworth, DC	1
Hartley, S	1
Lumley, S	1
Kuzemko, JA	1
Wright, T	1
Pollitt, R	1
Tudor, I	1
Kolpakov, VG	1
Nedbal, J	1
Khodos, KhG	1
Kozarenko, TD	1
Okladnikov, VI	1