Page last updated: 2024-10-16

ammonium hydroxide and Encephalitis

ammonium hydroxide has been researched along with Encephalitis in 9 studies

azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In adults, hyperammonemia is generally associated with hepatic dysfunction or as a complication of urinary diversions when infected or obstructed."1.39Simultaneous double hemodialysis for the control of refractory hyperammonemia. ( Brucculeri, M; Gabbard, W; Jooma, N; Masson, J, 2013)
"There is evidence to suggest that, in acute liver failure (ALF), brain ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines may act synergistically to cause brain edema and its complications (intracranial hypertension, brain herniation)."1.36Ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines modify expression of genes coding for astrocytic proteins implicated in brain edema in acute liver failure. ( Butterworth, RF; Chastre, A; Desjardins, P; Jiang, W, 2010)

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19905 (55.56)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (22.22)29.6817
2010's2 (22.22)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Brucculeri, M1
Gabbard, W1
Masson, J1
Jooma, N1
Butterworth, RF2
Chastre, A1
Jiang, W1
Desjardins, P1
Jalan, R1
Crocker, JF1
Prellwitz, W1
Kapp, S1
Dennebaum, R1
Prasad, GV1
Rajendra, W1
Indira, K1
Coskun, T1
Ozalp, I1
Mönch, S1
Kneer, J1
Pericoli, F1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-002 (Ornithine Phenylacetate) in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Liver Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury[NCT01548690]Phase 247 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in Ammonia

To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on ammonia levels in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: Baseline and 72 Hours

InterventionPercent Change (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h41.2
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h16.6
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h41.8
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h38.4

Measurement of OCR-002 Plasma Concentration

To evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of OCR-002 in patients with impaired and intact renal function using urinary phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) as a surrogate marker (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 24 Hours after last infusion

Interventionmicrograms per millileter (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h65.6
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h32.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h33.4
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h104.9

Neurological Function Measured by the Orientation Log (O-log)

The orientation log focuses on orientation to place, time, and circumstance. There are 10 items on the orientation log, which are scored 0-3. A spontaneous correct response is awarded 3 points. A spontaneous response that is lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided following a logical cue is awarded 2 points. A score of 1 is given if spontaneous and cued responses are lacking or incorrect, but a correct response is provided in a recognition format. A score of 0 is given if the spontaneous, cued, or recognition format does not generate a correct answer. Scores from the 10 items are summed and the final score ranges from 0 to 30. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h23.8
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h24.0
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h24.0
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h24.0

Neurological Function Measured by the West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy

The West Haven Criteria (WHC) for Hepatic Encephalopathy measures the severity of encephalopathy and patient's level of consciousness. The scale ranges from 0 to 4; a minimum score of 0 represents a better outcome, and a maximum total score of 4 represents a worse outcome. A score of 0 corresponds to normal consciousness and behavior and normal neurological examination. A score of 1 corresponds to mild lack of awareness, shortened attention span, and impaired addition or subtraction; mild asterixis or tremor. A score of 2 corresponds to lethargy, disorientated or inappropriate behavior, obvious asterixis; slurred speech. A score of 3 corresponds to somnolent but arousable, gross disorientation or bizarre behavior, muscle rigidity and clonus; hyperreflexia. A score of 4 corresponds to coma and decerebrate posturing. (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 120 hours from start of infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h2.4
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h3.2
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h1.6
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h1.8

Number of Participants That do Not Tolerate the Administered Dose and Had Grade 3 or 4 Treatment Emergent Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

To evaluate the safety and tolerability of OCR-002 in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (NCT01548690)
Timeframe: 30 Days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Maximum Dose Level 3.33 g/24h0
Maximum Dose Level 6.65 g/24h0
Maximum Dose Level 10 g/24h0
Maximum Dose Level 20g/24h0

Reviews

3 reviews available for ammonium hydroxide and Encephalitis

ArticleYear
Thiamine deficiency-related brain dysfunction in chronic liver failure.
    Metabolic brain disease, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Brain; Chronic Disease; Encephalitis; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans;

2009
Pathophysiological basis of therapy of raised intracranial pressure in acute liver failure.
    Neurochemistry international, 2005, Volume: 47, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Encephalitis; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hu

2005
Reye's syndrome.
    Seminars in liver disease, 1982, Volume: 2, Issue:4

    Topics: Aflatoxins; Ammonia; Animals; Biopsy; Chickenpox; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential;

1982

Other Studies

6 other studies available for ammonium hydroxide and Encephalitis

ArticleYear
Simultaneous double hemodialysis for the control of refractory hyperammonemia.
    The International journal of artificial organs, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Ammonia; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers; Dexamethasone; Encephalit

2013
Ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines modify expression of genes coding for astrocytic proteins implicated in brain edema in acute liver failure.
    Metabolic brain disease, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Aquaporin 4; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Edema; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Encephali

2010
[Methodical studies and clinical significance of blood ammonia].
    Die Medizinische Welt, 1976, Jun-25, Volume: 27, Issue:26

    Topics: Ammonia; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Coagulation; Encephalitis; Humans; Liver Diseases

1976
Brain ammonia metabolism in hexachlorophene-induced encephalopathy.
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1987, Volume: 38, Issue:4

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Encephalitis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine

1987
Lethal hyperammonaemic coma due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency presenting as brain stem encephalitis in a previously asymptomatic ten-year-old boy.
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 1987, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Ammonia; Brain Stem; Child; Citrulline; Coma; Diagnosis, Differential; Encephalitis; Humans; Male; O

1987
[Hepatic encephalopathy and its therapy with lactulose].
    Il Policlinico. Sezione pratica, 1971, Jun-15, Volume: 78, Issue:12

    Topics: Ammonia; Disaccharides; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Li

1971