amitriptyline and Chemical Dependence studies

Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.
amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The primary analysis quantified opioid overdose risk across 7 prescription opioid-skeletal muscle relaxant therapies and a negative control outcome (sepsis) to assess potential confounding by unmeasured illicit opioid use."	1.72	Comparative Risk of Opioid Overdose With Concomitant Use of Prescription Opioids and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants. ( Barnett, ML; Bykov, K; Gagne, JJ; Glynn, RJ; Khan, NF; Vine, SM, 2022)
"Clonazepam was used as positive control and amitriptyline as negative control."	1.43	Disproportionality Analysis for the Assessment of Abuse and Dependence Potential of Pregabalin in the French Pharmacovigilance Database. ( Bossard, JB; Dupouy, J; Jouanjus, E; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Ponté, C, 2016)
"Hair specimen is necessary to complement blood and/or urine analyses as it permits differentiation of a single exposure from chronic use of a drug by segmentation of the hair for a stated growth period."	1.42	Contribution of in utero drug exposure when interpreting hair results in young children. ( Kintz, P, 2015)
"Amitriptyline was found in 12 (7."	1.35	Tricyclic antidepressants abuse, with or without benzodiazepines abuse, in former heroin addicts currently in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2008)
"Amitriptyline is a potent anticholinergics, rarely used as a drug of abuse."	1.33	Recreational amitriptyline abuse. ( Chodorowski, Z; Habrat, B; Sein Anand, J, 2005)
"Treatment with amitriptyline was offered to patients in whom no improvement had been achieved."	1.31	Withdrawal therapy improves chronic daily headache associated with long-term misuse of headache medication: a retrospective study. ( Dahlöf, C; Linde, M; Linton-Dahlöf, P, 2000)
" To determine the long term effects of cocaine on a developing fetus, gravid rats were dosed SC throughout pregnancy with either saline, amfonelic acid (AFA, 1."	1.28	Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine or related drugs on rat developmental and neurological indices. ( Henderson, MG; McMillen, BA, 1990)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	36 (65.45)	18.7374
1990's	6 (10.91)	18.2507
2000's	9 (16.36)	29.6817
2010's	2 (3.64)	24.3611
2020's	2 (3.64)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Ali, SHK	1
Raja, KWA	1
Irfan, N	1
Habeeb, M	1
Ismail, Y	1
Khan, NF	1
Bykov, K	1
Barnett, ML	1
Glynn, RJ	1
Vine, SM	1
Gagne, JJ	1
Kintz, P	1
Bossard, JB	1
Ponté, C	1
Dupouy, J	1
Lapeyre-Mestre, M	1
Jouanjus, E	1
Celik, U	1
Celik, T	1
Avci, A	1
Annagur, A	1
Yilmaz, HL	1
Kucukosmanoglu, O	1
Topaloglu, AK	1
Daglioglu, N	1
Stillwell, ME	1
Sein Anand, J	1
Chodorowski, Z	1
Habrat, B	1
Ostapenko, YN	1
Lisovik, ZA	1
Belova, MV	1
Luzhnikov, EA	1
Livanov, AS	1
Amitai, Y	1
Frischer, H	1
Rachid, F	1
Golaz, J	1
Bondolfi, G	1
Bertschy, G	1
Peles, E	1
Schreiber, S	1
Adelson, M	1
Ghoreishi, A	1
Cormack, J	1
Bach, O	1
Kästner, I	1
Porter, D	1
Kudrow, L	1
Feinsilver, DL	1
Beresford, TP	1
Hall, RC	1
Busch, KT	1
Schulz, H	1
Vasiliades, J	1
Kaminer, Y	1
Linton-Dahlöf, P	1
Linde, M	1
Dahlöf, C	1
Friehe, H	1
Fontaine, R	1
Pinder, RM	1
Brogden, RN	1
Speight, TM	1
Avery, GS	1
Cantor, R	1
Smith, MS	1
Lundberg, GD	1
Garriott, JC	1
Reynolds, PC	1
Cravey, RH	1
Shaw, RF	1
Cohen, MJ	1
Hanbury, R	1
Stimmel, B	1
O'Brien, JP	1
Petit, JM	1
Biggs, JT	1
Hasenbush, LL	1
Burrows, GD	1
Vohra, J	1
Hunt, D	1
Sloman, JG	1
Scoggins, BA	1
Davies, B	1
Ballin, JC	1
Kluger, NJ	1
Clifford, JS	1
Cavanagh, RJ	1
Griffith, WL	1
Hering, R	1
Steiner, TJ	1
Benazzi, F	1
Henderson, MG	1
McMillen, BA	1
Delisle, JD	1
McAlpine, SB	1
Calabro, JJ	1
Robinson, MD	1
Burkle, FM	1
O'Rahilly, S	1
Turner, TH	1
Wass, JA	1
Avery, JK	1
Fava, GA	1
Lisansky, J	1
Kellner, R	1
Zielezny, M	1
Feigelson, EB	1
Cadden, JJ	1
Benoit, JC	1
Delagrange, G	1
Richou, A	1
Souchon, G	1
Sow, I	1
Sivadon, P	1
Kaneto, H	2
Koida, M	2
Tsuchie, F	2
Peters, UH	1
Glück, A	1
Bastos, ML	1
Jukofsky, D	1
Mulé, SJ	1
Sargant, W	1
Geisler, A	1
Thomsen, K	1
Miyagawa, H	1
Hasse, HE	1
Schiefgen, W	1
Schönhöfer, P	1
Deykin, EY	1
DiMascio, A	1
Voelkel, A	1
Milner, G	2
Johnson, J	1
Dorfman, W	1

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of Myofascial Trigger Points Therapy in Migraine.[NCT05646160]				100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-15	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Antioxidants Supplementation in Acute Amitriptyline Abuse for Pain. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2022, Volume: 194, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amitriptyline; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Human	2022
Abrupt outpatient withdrawal of medication in analgesic-abusing migraineurs. Lancet (London, England), 1991, Jun-15, Volume: 337, Issue:8755 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Caffeine; Ergotamine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Follow-	1991
Drug defaulting estimated by the use of a drug marker. Current medical research and opinion, 1973, Volume: 1, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Attitude to Health; Chlorprothixene; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ethanol; Fema	1973

Article	Year
Comparative Risk of Opioid Overdose With Concomitant Use of Prescription Opioids and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants. Neurology, 2022, 09-27, Volume: 99, Issue:13 Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Carisoprodol; Chlorzoxazone; Cohort St	2022
Contribution of in utero drug exposure when interpreting hair results in young children. Forensic science international, 2015, Volume: 249 Topics: Amitriptyline; Bromazepam; Cannabinoids; Diazepam; Diphenhydramine; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Hai	2015
Disproportionality Analysis for the Assessment of Abuse and Dependence Potential of Pregabalin in the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Clinical drug investigation, 2016, Volume: 36, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricycli	2016
Metabolic acidosis in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by methanol and amitriptyline intoxication. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 2009, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Ho	2009
Drug-facilitated sexual assault involving gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Journal of forensic sciences, 2002, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Interperso	2002
Recreational amitriptyline abuse. Przeglad lekarski, 2005, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depressive Disorder; Drug Overdose; Humans;	2005
Comparative assessment of blood and urine analyses in patients with acute poisonings by medical, narcotic substances and alcohol in clinical toxicology. Przeglad lekarski, 2005, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Amitriptyline; Carbamazepine; Central Nervous System Agents; Clozapine; Ethanol; Fema	2005
Excess fatality from desipramine in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Amitriptyline; Child; Desipramine; Doxepin; Humans; Imipramine; Incidence; Mortality; No	2006
Induction of a mixed depressive episode during rTMS treatment in a patient with refractory major depression. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antidepressive	2006
Tricyclic antidepressants abuse, with or without benzodiazepines abuse, in former heroin addicts currently in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Benzodiazepines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Da	2008
A somatic type delusional disorder secondary to peripheral neuropathy: a case report. Psychiatria Danubina, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Biperiden; Brachial Plexus; Delusions; Drug Overdose; Drug Therapy, Combinatio	2008
Dependence on dextromoramide. British medical journal, 1967, Feb-11, Volume: 1, Issue:5536 Topics: Aged; Amitriptyline; Chlorpromazine; Codeine; Dextromoramide; Humans; Levorphanol; Male; Pain; Subst	1967
[Undesired drug side effects and drug-induced damage. II. Centrally acting drugs]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1984, Jan-01, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Central Nervous Sys	1984
Drug induced confusional state. The New Zealand medical journal, 1982, Jul-28, Volume: 95, Issue:712 Topics: Aged; Amitriptyline; Aspirin; Cognition Disorders; Confusion; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Sub	1982
Paradoxical effects of frequent analgesic use. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 33 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Drug Tolerance; Female; Headache; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives;	1982
Limbitrol as a new street drug. The American journal of psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 139, Issue:10 Topics: Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide; Drug Combinations; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Substance-Related Disorde	1982
[The acute psychiatric emergency]. Zeitschrift fur Alternsforschung, 1981, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Brain Ischemia; Cognition Disorders; Consciousness D	1981
Identification of misused drugs in the clinical laboratory. I. Tricyclics. Clinical biochemistry, 1980, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin La	1980
Cocaine craving. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Amitriptyline; Cocaine; Desipramine; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Male; Risk Factor	1994
Withdrawal therapy improves chronic daily headache associated with long-term misuse of headache medication: a retrospective study. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amitriptyline; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Chronic Disease; Drug-Related Side	2000
Toxicology of amitriptylinoxide. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1978, Volume: 28, Issue:10b Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Cocaine; Dogs; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Interactions; Female; Fetus; Grow	1978
Methadone maintenance and amitriptyline. JAMA, 1979, Jun-01, Volume: 241, Issue:22 Topics: Amitriptyline; Humans; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders	1979
Amitriptyline ophthalmoplegia. Annals of internal medicine, 1979, Volume: 91, Issue:5 Topics: Amitriptyline; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoplegia; Physostigmine; Substance-Related Disord	1979
Cocaine-related death. Journal of forensic sciences, 1977, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Amphetamines; Brain Edema; Cocaine; Ethanol; Female; Forensic Medi	1977
Abuse of amitriptyline. JAMA, 1978, Sep-22, Volume: 240, Issue:13 Topics: Amitriptyline; Depression; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Self Medication; Substance Withdraw	1978
A study of low-dose amitriptyline overdoses. The American journal of psychiatry, 1977, Volume: 134, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Central Nervous System Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	1977
Tricyclic antidepressant overdoses in adolescent patients. Pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Affective Symptoms; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Desipramine; Dose-R	1977
Successful brief therapy of a retired elderly man with intractable pain, depression, and drug and alcohol dependence. Journal of geriatric psychiatry, 1977, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Compulsive Personality Disorder; Dependent Personality Disorder; De	1977
Cardiac effects of different tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1976, Volume: 129 Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bundle of His; Doxepin; Electrocardiograph	1976
Editorial: Toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants. JAMA, 1975, Mar-31, Volume: 231, Issue:13 Topics: Acute Disease; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Drug Utilization; Electrocardiograp	1975
A case of a chemically dependent patient with a thalamic pain syndrome treated with amitriptyline. Journal of addictive diseases, 1991, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Cerebral Infarction; Flurazepam; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle	1991
Lorazepam, amitriptyline, and sulpiride: withdrawal effects. Biological psychiatry, 1991, Sep-01, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Lo	1991
Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine or related drugs on rat developmental and neurological indices. Brain research bulletin, 1990, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Cocaine; Female; Hyperkinesis; Male; Nervous System; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exp	1990
A case of amitriptyline abuse. The American journal of psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 147, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Euphoria; Female; Humans; Self Administration; Substance-Related Disorders	1990
Late death in tricyclic antidepressant overdose revisited. Annals of emergency medicine, 1986, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Amitriptyline; Charcoal; Death, Sudden; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart; Hemoperfusion; Humans; M	1986
Factitious epilepsy due to amitryptyline abuse. Irish medical journal, 1985, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Factitious Disorders; Female; Humans; Substance-Relate	1985
Responsibilities of prescribing. Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association, 1985, Volume: 78, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Diazepam; Humans; Male; Malpractice; Substance-Related Disorders; Tennessee	1985
Treatment responses in primary and secondary melancholia: a preliminary report. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Depressive Disorder; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Obsess	1985
Changing patterns of drug abuse in New York City. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1974, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Amphetamines; Antipsychotic Agents; Barbiturates; Codeine; Dextrop	1974
[Contribution to the clinical study of a new neuroleptic: sulpiride]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1969, Mar-26, Volume: 45, Issue:15 Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Amitriptyline; Anorexia Nervosa; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Dep	1969
[Tolerance and physical dependence producing liability of doxepin]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 1972, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Body Weight; Diazepam; Dibenzoxepins; Drug Resistance; Humans; Imipramine; M	1972
[Personality at the end of a depressive phase. Observations after cessation of the endogenous depressive phases]. Der Nervenarzt, 1973, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Amitriptyline; Autistic Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Defense Mechanisms; Female; Humans; Hypochondria	1973
Routine identification of drugs of abuse in human urine. 3. Differential elution of the XAD-2 resin. Journal of chromatography, 1973, Jun-27, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Amitriptyline; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dextropropoxyphene; Humans; Hy	1973
Prescribing Mandrax. British medical journal, 1973, Jun-23, Volume: 2, Issue:5868 Topics: Amitriptyline; Dibenzazepines; Diphenhydramine; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Methaqualone; Sle	1973
[Screening procedure for barbital type physical dependence liability of psychotropic drugs in mice]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 1973, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Barbiturates; Behavior, Animal; Benzazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Body Weight	1973
[Emergencies in drugged adolescents]. Minerva medica, 1972, Feb-14, Volume: 63, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Amitriptyline; Benzazepines; Cannabis; Emergencies; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Morphin	1972
Relationship of patient background characteristics to efficacy of pharmacotherapy in depression. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1972, Volume: 155, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Boston; Connecticut; Cooperative Behavior; Demography; Depression; Evaluation	1972
[Complications caused by anonymous preclinical medication]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents; Barbiturates; Bromides; Cannabis; Chlordiazepoxide; Delirium;	1970
The effect of antidepressants and "tranquilizers" on the response of mice to ethanol. British journal of pharmacology, 1968, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Amitriptyline; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Chlorpromazine; Coma; Desipramine	1968
Psychiatric complications of amphetamine substances. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1966, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Amphetamine; Chlordiazepoxide; Depression; Ephedrine; Female; Hall	1966
Combined use of an anti-depressant with tranquilizer in the management of depression. Diseases of the nervous system, 1966, Volume: 7 Suppl, Issue:7 Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Drug Synergism; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Hum	1966

amitriptyline and Chemical Dependence

Research Excerpts

Research

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