Page last updated: 2024-10-21

aminopropionitrile and Fibrosis

aminopropionitrile has been researched along with Fibrosis in 16 studies

Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.

Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Since, LOX enzymes need copper (Cu) for their proper catalytic activity; the present study investigated the efficacy of a copper chelator, disulfiram (DSF) in renal fibrosis."8.12Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes. ( Godugu, C; Kaki, VR; Saifi, MA; Shaikh, AS, 2022)
" β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of LOX activity, significantly attenuated the increase in body weight and cardiac hypertrophy observed in HFD rats."7.83The lysyl oxidase inhibitor (β-aminopropionitrile) reduces leptin profibrotic effects and ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in diet-induced obesity in rats. ( Bartolomé, MV; Cachofeiro, V; Galán, M; Islas, F; Jurado-López, R; López-Andrés, N; Luaces, M; Martínez-González, J; Martínez-Martínez, E; Miana, M; Rodríguez, C, 2016)
"Fibrosis/contracture is associated with the abnormal persistence of myofibroblasts, which over-produce and contract collagen matrices."5.56Sulfasalazine Resolves Joint Stiffness in a Rabbit Model of Arthrofibrosis. ( Atluri, K; Brouillette, MJ; Fowler, TP; Fredericks, D; Khorsand, B; Martin, JA; Petersen, E; Salem, AK; Sander, E; Seol, D; Smith, S, 2020)
" Since, LOX enzymes need copper (Cu) for their proper catalytic activity; the present study investigated the efficacy of a copper chelator, disulfiram (DSF) in renal fibrosis."4.12Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes. ( Godugu, C; Kaki, VR; Saifi, MA; Shaikh, AS, 2022)
" β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of LOX activity, significantly attenuated the increase in body weight and cardiac hypertrophy observed in HFD rats."3.83The lysyl oxidase inhibitor (β-aminopropionitrile) reduces leptin profibrotic effects and ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in diet-induced obesity in rats. ( Bartolomé, MV; Cachofeiro, V; Galán, M; Islas, F; Jurado-López, R; López-Andrés, N; Luaces, M; Martínez-González, J; Martínez-Martínez, E; Miana, M; Rodríguez, C, 2016)
"While fibrosis is primarily characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, there are changes in ECM architecture during fibrosis that relate more closely to functional muscle stiffness."1.72Collagen cross-links scale with passive stiffness in dystrophic mouse muscles, but are not altered with administration of a lysyl oxidase inhibitor. ( Brashear, SE; Christiansen, BA; Hu, LY; Jbeily, EH; Smith, LR; Wohlgemuth, RP, 2022)
"Fibrosis/contracture is associated with the abnormal persistence of myofibroblasts, which over-produce and contract collagen matrices."1.56Sulfasalazine Resolves Joint Stiffness in a Rabbit Model of Arthrofibrosis. ( Atluri, K; Brouillette, MJ; Fowler, TP; Fredericks, D; Khorsand, B; Martin, JA; Petersen, E; Salem, AK; Sander, E; Seol, D; Smith, S, 2020)
"Renal fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation of almost all forms of kidney disease irrespective of the etiological cause."1.56Inhibition of lysyl oxidase ameliorates renal injury by inhibiting CD44-mediated pericyte detachment and loss of peritubular capillaries. ( Godugu, C; Saifi, MA, 2020)
"Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of heart failure for which there is no effective pharmacological therapy."1.51Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases suppresses cardiac myofibroblast function in engineered connective and heart muscle tissues. ( Hartmann, S; Lutz, S; Ridley, A; Santos, GL; Zimmermann, WH, 2019)
" We studied the functional contribution of lysyl oxidase (LOX) to collagen stabilization and hepatic fibrosis progression/reversalin vivousing chronic administration of irreversible LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN, or vehicle as control) in C57Bl/6J mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis."1.43Lysyl oxidase activity contributes to collagen stabilization during liver fibrosis progression and limits spontaneous fibrosis reversal in mice. ( Greenstein, A; Ikenaga, N; Liu, SB; Peng, ZW; Popov, Y; Schuppan, D; Smith, V; Sverdlov, DY, 2016)

Research

Studies (16)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (6.25)18.7374
1990's1 (6.25)18.2507
2000's3 (18.75)29.6817
2010's7 (43.75)24.3611
2020's4 (25.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Rowbottom, MW1
Bain, G1
Calderon, I1
Lasof, T1
Lonergan, D1
Lai, A1
Huang, F1
Darlington, J1
Prodanovich, P1
Santini, AM1
King, CD1
Goulet, L1
Shannon, KE1
Ma, GL1
Nguyen, K1
MacKenna, DA1
Evans, JF1
Hutchinson, JH1
Saifi, MA2
Shaikh, AS1
Kaki, VR1
Godugu, C2
Brashear, SE1
Wohlgemuth, RP1
Hu, LY1
Jbeily, EH1
Christiansen, BA1
Smith, LR1
Atluri, K1
Brouillette, MJ1
Seol, D1
Khorsand, B1
Sander, E1
Salem, AK1
Fredericks, D1
Petersen, E1
Smith, S1
Fowler, TP1
Martin, JA1
Gao, L1
Wu, C1
Fu, F1
You, X1
Ma, X1
Qin, F1
Li, T1
Wang, R1
Yuan, J1
Santos, GL1
Hartmann, S1
Zimmermann, WH1
Ridley, A1
Lutz, S1
Rosin, NL1
Sopel, MJ1
Falkenham, A1
Lee, TD1
Légaré, JF1
Miana, M2
Galán, M2
Martínez-Martínez, E2
Varona, S1
Jurado-López, R2
Bausa-Miranda, B1
Antequera, A1
Luaces, M2
Martínez-González, J2
Rodríguez, C2
Cachofeiro, V2
Liu, SB1
Ikenaga, N1
Peng, ZW1
Sverdlov, DY1
Greenstein, A1
Smith, V1
Schuppan, D1
Popov, Y1
Bartolomé, MV1
Islas, F1
López-Andrés, N1
Hassan, SI1
Ali, I1
Nessim, NG1
Amer, NM1
Abd el Kader el Khafif, M1
Ashour, A1
el Mohandes, M1
Giampuzzi, M1
Botti, G1
Di Duca, M1
Arata, L1
Ghiggeri, G1
Gusmano, R1
Ravazzolo, R1
Di Donato, A1
Kagan, HM2
Hefetz, L1
Naveh, N1
Tang, SS1
Chichester, CO1

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Quantitative Analysis of the Expression of Dementia-relevant Genes by Intake of the Drug Disulfiram[NCT03212599]17 participants (Actual)Observational2013-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Safety and Clinical Outcomes Study of Disulfiram in Subjects With Moderate COVID-19[NCT04594343]Phase 2140 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-20Completed
A Phase I Study of Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Patients With Treatment-Refractory Multiple Myeloma[NCT04521335]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-21Terminated (stopped due to Closed at PI's Request)
DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial: A Phase 2 Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Disulfiram Compared to Standard Care in Patients With Symptomatic COVID-19[NCT04485130]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-08-18Terminated (stopped due to Low COVID case numbers, competing COVID treatments available)
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Disulfiram Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder[NCT02735577]Phase 47 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in COVID-19 Symptom Severity Score as Assessed by a 5-point Adapted Somatic Symptom Severity Score (SSS-8)

"The severity of COVID-19 symptoms will be recorded on a 5-point symptom severity scale at each visit for each participant. A question about how much the symptoms bother the participants will be asked. The participant will rank 1 as not at all, 2 as a little bit, 3 as somewhat, 4 as quite a bit and 5 as very much. Higher values represent worse outcomes. Scales are combined to compute a total score at Day 0 and Day 31. A change of the median is reported." (NCT04485130)
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Cohort 1: Disulfiram-2.60
Cohort 1: Placebo-2.14

Virologic Impact of 5 Days of Disulfiram, as Measured by the Change in Copies of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Per mL Between Baseline and Day 31.

Change in copies of SARS-CoV-2 PCR virus per mL between Baseline and Day 31. (NCT04485130)
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Interventioncopies/mL (Mean)
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 1000 mg-20.89
Cohort 1: Placebo-20

Immunologic Impact of 5 Days of Disulfiram, as Measured by the Fold-change in Plasma Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines (e.g, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 1-beta, Etc.).

Change in plasma inflammatory biomarker levels (e.g., IL-6, IL-1b) at days 5, 15, and 31. (NCT04485130)
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

,
Interventionfold change (Median)
Change in IL-6 (pg/mL) Day 0 to 31Change in IL-1B (pg/mL) Day 0 to 31
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 100 mg-0.1186-0.1402
Cohort 1: Placebo-0.02150.0268

Number of Participants With Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0

The safety and tolerability of a 5 day course of disulfiram. The number of adverse events and their grade will be determined for each participant. (NCT04485130)
Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AE Grade 3 or HigherAE Grade 1 or 2
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 1000 mg04
Cohort 1: Placebo11

Alcohol Use

Number of drinking days (NCT02735577)
Timeframe: 42 days

Interventiondays (Mean)
Disulfiram0

Reviews

2 reviews available for aminopropionitrile and Fibrosis

ArticleYear
Intra- and extracellular enzymes of collagen biosynthesis as biological and chemical targets in the control of fibrosis.
    Acta tropica, 2000, Oct-23, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Benzylamines; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Enzyme Inhibitors; Esters; Eth

2000
[Use of drugs inhibiting fibrosis after trabeculectomy].
    Harefuah, 1992, Nov-15, Volume: 123, Issue:10

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopropionitrile; Fibrosis; Fluorouracil; Humans; Mitomycin; Postoperativ

1992

Other Studies

14 other studies available for aminopropionitrile and Fibrosis

ArticleYear
Identification of 4-(Aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(phenoxy)pyridine Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Inhibitors of the Copper-Dependent Amine Oxidase, Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2).
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2017, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Inhibitors

2017
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 2022, Volume: 237, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Copper; Disulfiram; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protei

2022
Collagen cross-links scale with passive stiffness in dystrophic mouse muscles, but are not altered with administration of a lysyl oxidase inhibitor.
    PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:10

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Mice; Mice, Inbred mdx; Mus

2022
Sulfasalazine Resolves Joint Stiffness in a Rabbit Model of Arthrofibrosis.
    Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2020, Volume: 38, Issue:3

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Contracture; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Hydroxyproline

2020
Inhibition of lysyl oxidase ameliorates renal injury by inhibiting CD44-mediated pericyte detachment and loss of peritubular capillaries.
    Life sciences, 2020, Feb-15, Volume: 243

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Capillaries; Catalysis; Collagen; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fi

2020
Effect of lysyl oxidase (LOX) on corpus cavernous fibrosis caused by ischaemic priapism.
    Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Disease Models,

2018
Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases suppresses cardiac myofibroblast function in engineered connective and heart muscle tissues.
    Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 2019, Volume: 134

    Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Actins; Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Cell Differentia

2019
Disruption of collagen homeostasis can reverse established age-related myocardial fibrosis.
    The American journal of pathology, 2015, Volume: 185, Issue:3

    Topics: Age Factors; Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Collagen; Fibrosis; Heart; Heart Diseases; Male; Mice; Myo

2015
The lysyl oxidase inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile reduces body weight gain and improves the metabolic profile in diet-induced obesity in rats.
    Disease models & mechanisms, 2015, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adiposity; Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Cell Size; Collagen;

2015
Lysyl oxidase activity contributes to collagen stabilization during liver fibrosis progression and limits spontaneous fibrosis reversal in mice.
    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2016, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha

2016
The lysyl oxidase inhibitor (β-aminopropionitrile) reduces leptin profibrotic effects and ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in diet-induced obesity in rats.
    Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 2016, Volume: 92

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diet, High-Fat; Extracellular Matri

2016
Treatment of acute schistosomiasis mansoni with praziquantel and an antifibrotic agent in mice. Maintenance of resistance to infection.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2003, Volume: 53, Issue:6

    Topics: Acute Disease; Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Drug Resistance; Fibrosis; Gr

2003
Lysyl oxidase activates the transcription activity of human collagene III promoter. Possible involvement of Ku antigen.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2000, Nov-17, Volume: 275, Issue:46

    Topics: Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Antigens, Nuclear; Base Sequence; Collagen; COS Cells; DNA Helicases; D

2000
Comparative sensitivities of purified preparations of lysyl oxidase and other amine oxidases to active site-directed enzyme inhibitors.
    Connective tissue research, 1989, Volume: 19, Issue:1

    Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Aminopropionitrile; Animals; Binding

1989