amantadine and Influenza, Human studies

amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source

Influenza, Human: An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Amantadine-HC1, an antiviral drug clinically effective against most strains of influenza A virus, was evaluated in a double-blind trial in 153 children with cystic fibrosis during the initial appearance of influenza A/England/42 virus in the New England area."	9.04	Evaluation of the safety of amantadine-HC1 and the role of respiratory viral infections in children with cystic fibrosis. ( Khaw, KT; Oxman, MN; Shwachman, H; Wright, PF, 1976)
"To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of amantadine on elderly hospitalized patients with persistent schizophrenia."	7.76	Effect of antiviral amantadine treatment on elderly chronic schizophrenia patients. ( Bleich, A; Finkel, B; Goodman, C; Kurs, R; Melamed, Y, 2010)
"The aspirin treatment group defervesced more rapidly (10."	6.65	Reduction in fever and symptoms in young adults with influenza A/Brazil/78 H1N1 infection after treatment with aspirin or amantadine. ( Betts, RF; Douglas, RG; Roth, FK; Younkin, SW, 1983)
"Amantadine was originally introduced and utilized as an antiviral medication."	6.48	Amantadine: the journey from fighting flu to treating Parkinson disease. ( Haider, M; Hubsher, G; Okun, MS, 2012)
" Trifluridine, idoxuridine, and vidarabine are effective topically in herpes simplex virus keratoconjunctivitis infection."	6.15	Antiviral drugs 1983. ( Douglas, RG, 1983)
"Treatment with amantadine and therapy with hyperimmunoglobulins seem to be useful."	5.32	[Bilateral influenza-triggered panuveitis and subsequent therapy with amantadine and hyperimmunoglobulins]. ( Cinatl, I; Gümbel, HO; Hattenbach, LO; Lipke, KJ; Schäfer, HG, 2004)
"We treated a woman for influenza pneumonia with respiratory failure at 33 weeks' gestation with oral amantadine and ribavirin inhalation therapy in conjunction with evacuation of the uterus and delivery."	5.27	Favorable outcome after treatment with amantadine and ribavirin in a pregnancy complicated by influenza pneumonia. A case report. ( Carpenter, RJ; Faro, S; Kirshon, B; Samo, TC; Zurawin, RK, 1988)
"Amantadine-HC1, an antiviral drug clinically effective against most strains of influenza A virus, was evaluated in a double-blind trial in 153 children with cystic fibrosis during the initial appearance of influenza A/England/42 virus in the New England area."	5.04	Evaluation of the safety of amantadine-HC1 and the role of respiratory viral infections in children with cystic fibrosis. ( Khaw, KT; Oxman, MN; Shwachman, H; Wright, PF, 1976)
" Combination therapy with Interferon-α and ribavirin remains the backbone treatment for chronic hepatitis C; the addition of serine protease inhibitors improves the treatment outcome of patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1."	4.87	Antiviral drugs for viruses other than human immunodeficiency virus. ( Razonable, RR, 2011)
" One N-phenacyl amantadine derivative was investigated for inhibiting the in vitro replication of respiratory viruses (influenza A viruses, influenza B virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus)."	3.78	Antiviral agents derived from novel 1-adamantyl singlet nitrenes. ( Barnard, DL; Day, CW; Detorio, MA; Kesel, AJ; Schinazi, RF; Schönleber, A; Weiss, HC, 2012)
"To review the maternal and neonatal outcomes after antepartum exposure to M2 ion channel inhibitors or oseltamivir to provide some guidance on the risk, if any, of antiviral medication during pregnancy."	3.76	Maternal and neonatal outcomes after antepartum treatment of influenza with antiviral medications. ( Greer, LG; McIntire, DD; Roberts, SW; Rogers, VL; Sheffield, JS; Wendel, GD, 2010)
"To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of amantadine on elderly hospitalized patients with persistent schizophrenia."	3.76	Effect of antiviral amantadine treatment on elderly chronic schizophrenia patients. ( Bleich, A; Finkel, B; Goodman, C; Kurs, R; Melamed, Y, 2010)
" This allowed a total dosage not much less than might have been given by other routes, but with the advantage that it was evenly deposited over the surface of the infected respiratory tract beginning within seconds of the start of treatment and reached higher concentration in nasal secretions than in serum."	3.76	Chemotherapy of respiratory viruses. ( Gilbert, BE; Knight, V, 1986)
"(table: see text) For influenza A virus infections, both oral amantadine and rimantadine are effective when used for seasonal prophylaxis and for prophylaxis in institutional populations."	3.75	Clinical applications of antiviral agents for chemophrophylaxis and therapy of respiratory viral infections. ( Hayden, FG, 1985)
"The importance and significance of amantadine- or rimantadine-resistant influenza viruses in immunocompromised patients was studied in a population of adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients and patients with leukemia prospectively cultured for respiratory viruses."	3.70	Common emergence of amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in symptomatic immunocompromised adults. ( Atmar, RL; Champlin, RE; Cox, NJ; Englund, JA; Kantarjian, H; Klimov, AI; Regnery, H; Tarrand, J; Whimbey, E; Wyde, PR; Yousuf, H, 1998)
" Currently, acyclovir is the most effective agent for the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections."	3.67	Antiviral agents. ( Cockerill, FR; Hermans, PE, 1987)
"Antiviral resistance among influenza A viruses is associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts."	2.78	Combination therapy with amantadine, oseltamivir and ribavirin for influenza A infection: safety and pharmacokinetics. ( Boeckh, MJ; de Jong, MD; Englund, JA; Lindegardh, N; Nguyen, JT; Pukrittayakamee, S; Renaud, C; Seo, S; Tambyah, PA; Tarning, J; Went, GT, 2013)
"Amantadine hydrochloride was administered prophylactically subsequent to a confirmed influenza A outbreak."	2.71	An amantadine hydrochloride dosing program adjusted for renal function during an influenza outbreak in elderly institutionalized patients. ( Campbell, G; Kolbe, F; Papaioannou, A; Sitar, DS, 2003)
" In a study of 476 subjects aged 18 to 55 years, adverse reactions were not significantly different between the group receiving 100 mg/day amantadine and the placebo group but significantly greater in the group given 200 mg/day (P less than 0."	2.66	Efficacy and safety of low dosage amantadine hydrochloride as prophylaxis for influenza A. ( Bernstein, DI; Keefer, MC; Reuman, PD; Schiff, GM; Sherwood, JR; Young, EC, 1989)
" These questions concern appropriate routes of administration for antiviral compounds, optimal dosage regimens, risks of long-term prophylaxis, and the emergence of resistant organisms."	2.66	Antiviral chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. ( Dolin, R, 1985)
"In an outbreak of influenza virus A/England/333/80(H1N1) infections in college students, 14 randomly selected patients were treated by inhalation of ribavirin small-particle aerosol through a face mask."	2.65	Ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza. ( Cameron, RW; Couch, RB; Greggs, SE; Knight, V; McClung, HW; Quarles, JM; Waters, BK; Wilson, SZ; Zerwas, JM, 1981)
"The aspirin treatment group defervesced more rapidly (10."	2.65	Reduction in fever and symptoms in young adults with influenza A/Brazil/78 H1N1 infection after treatment with aspirin or amantadine. ( Betts, RF; Douglas, RG; Roth, FK; Younkin, SW, 1983)
"Epidemic influenza occurred only in the two groups of conscripts: the incidence of serologically verified influenza was 66% and 83% in the groups that received placebo and 43% and 51% in the groups that received amantadine, giving protection rates of 36% (P = 0."	2.65	Evaluation of amantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: a controlled field trial among young adults and high-risk patients. ( Hellström, PE; Penttinen, K; Pettersson, RF; Pyhälä, R; Tokola, O; Vartio, T; Visakorpi, R, 1980)
"Hence, during an influenza outbreak, five days of empirical therapy with amantadine or rimantadine for persons with an influenza-like syndrome should ameliorate clinical symptoms and might decrease spread of virus."	2.65	Successful treatment of naturally occurring influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1. ( Betts, RF; Christmas, WA; Douglas, RG; Hayden, FG; Van Voris, LP, 1981)
"placebo)."	2.65	A controlled trial of amantadine and rimantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A infection. ( Dolin, R; Linton, PN; Madore, HP; Maynard, R; Reichman, RC; Webber-Jones, J, 1982)
"The amantadine-treated patients experienced a significantly more rapid resolution of clinical signs and symptoms when compared with placebo-treated patients."	2.65	Therapeutic effects of aerosolized amantadine in naturally acquired infection due to influenza A virus. ( Douglas, RG; Hall, WJ; Hayden, FG, 1980)
" Gross and subtle side effects of amantadine observed in this study on currently recommended dosage are higher than previously reported, which may be an important factor in consideration of mass prophylaxis."	2.65	A prospective double-blind study of side effects associated with the administration of amantadine for influenza A virus prophylaxis. ( Bryson, YJ; Monahan, C; Pollack, M; Shields, WD, 1980)
" The dosage used was 200 mg daily."	2.65	Prevention of Russian influenza by amantadine. ( Bandyk, MG; Gunn, RA; King, CL; Monto, AS, 1979)
"These data suggest that nonpneumonitic influenza infection may be associated with both an inflammatory response predominantly in the peripheral airways and transient bronchial hyperreactivity."	2.64	Airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza A infection. ( Douglas, RG; Hall, WJ; Little, JW; Mudholkar, GS; Patel, K; Speers, DM, 1978)
"The widespread A2 influenza epidemic that occurred early in 1968 provided the opportunity for therapeutic evaluation in the USA."	2.63	Evaluation of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of A2 influenzal disease. ( Hornick, RB; Iezzoni, D; Mahler, S; Togo, Y, 1969)
"An epidemic of influenza in Great Britain in the winter of 1967-68 provided the opportunity to study the prophylactic effect of aminoadamantane in the family environment and this paper reports the results of further observations in January-March 1969 during an influenza epidemic due to A2/Hong Kong/68."	2.63	Study of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride used prophylactically during the Hong Kong influenza epidemic in the family environment. ( Galbraith, AW; Oxford, JS; Schild, GC; Watson, GI, 1969)
"Serologically verified influenza, as measured by complement fixation and/or haemagglutination inhibition, occurred in 27 out of 192 students in the amantadine group against 57 out of 199 in the placebo group, giving a protection rate of 52%."	2.63	Protection of man from natural infection with influenza A2 Hong Kong virus by amantadine: a controlled field trial. ( Hovi, T; Leinikki, P; Oker-Blom, N; Palosuo, T; Pettersson, R; Suni, J, 1970)
"Respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus) represent the most common causes of respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients."	2.55	Antiviral therapy for respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients. ( Ariza-Heredia, EJ; Chemaly, RF; Shahani, L, 2017)
"The assumed risk of influenza A in the control group was 10 per 100."	2.50	Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. ( Alves da Cunha, AJ; Alves Galvão, MG; Rocha Crispino Santos, MA, 2014)
"Influenza is a communicable acute respiratory infection which, during epidemics, can cause high morbidity and mortality rates."	2.49	Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza. ( Deng, L; Jiang, L; Wu, T, 2013)
"The assumed risk of influenza in the control group was 10 per 100 and the corresponding risk in the RMT group was one per 100 (95% CI 0 to 3)."	2.48	Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. ( Alves da Cunha, AJ; Alves Galvão, MG; Rocha Crispino Santos, MA, 2012)
"Amantadine was originally introduced and utilized as an antiviral medication."	2.48	Amantadine: the journey from fighting flu to treating Parkinson disease. ( Haider, M; Hubsher, G; Okun, MS, 2012)
"Oseltamivir was effective in preventing symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza (SLCI) in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and at-risk elderly subjects and in post-exposure prophylaxis within households of mixed composition."	2.47	Oseltamivir, zanamivir and amantadine in the prevention of influenza: a systematic review. ( Cooper, KL; Jackson, RJ; Nicholson, KG; Read, RC; Rees, A; Simpson, EL; Tappenden, P, 2011)
"Amantadine resistance has become increasingly common among recent seasonal influenza viruses."	2.46	[Drug-resistant influenza viruses: an overview]. ( Hatakeyama, S, 2010)
"Against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, anti-influenza drugs were useful to save the disease aggravation and reduce the mortality."	2.46	[Present and future in development of new anti-influenza drugs]. ( Watanabe, A, 2010)
"The environment surrounding influenza is changing in recent years."	2.46	[Current anti-influenza virus chemotherapy]. ( Ishii, H; Kadota, J; Tokimatsu, I; Yoshioka, D, 2010)
"At present, four anti-influenza agents have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of influenza, including two M2 protein ion channel inhibitors-amantadine and rimantadine and two neuraminidase inhibitors-zanamivir and oseltamivir."	2.46	[Research progress of anti-influenza virus agents]. ( Li, JF; Shen, JS; Xiong, RS; Zhang, Q; Zhao, QJ, 2010)
"Oseltamivir was effective in preventing SLCI, particularly when used in at-risk elderly subjects (RR 0."	2.45	Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir for the prophylaxis of influenza (including a review of existing guidance no. 67): a systematic review and economic evaluation. ( Cooper, K; Jackson, R; Nicholson, K; Read, R; Rees, A; Simpson, E; Tappenden, P, 2009)
"Vaccines have been used in avian influenza (AI) control programs to prevent, manage or eradicate AI from poultry and other birds."	2.45	Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry. ( Swayne, DE, 2009)
"In the advent of an influenza virus pandemic it is likely that the administration of antiviral drugs will be an important first line of defence against the virus."	2.44	Antiviral drugs for the control of pandemic influenza virus. ( Sugrue, RJ; Sutejo, R; Tan, BH; Yeo, DS, 2008)
"Influenza vaccine is the mainstay of influenza prevention strategies."	2.44	Influenza guideline for South Africa--update 2008. ( Cameron, NA; Eggers, RR; Feldman, C; Green, RJ; Klugman, K; Lalloo, U; Madhi, SA; Phillips, D; Richards, GA; Schoub, B; Zar, HJ, 2008)
"Influenza is a highly contagious and debilitating disease that imposes an excess burden of complications and mortality."	2.44	Antivirals for the treatment and prevention of epidemic and pandemic influenza. ( Oxford, JS, 2007)
" Because no prospective data exist on the efficacy of these agents in humans for H5N1 strains, the dosage and duration of therapy in adults and children may differ from those documented to be effective for epidemic influenza strains."	2.44	Antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for influenza in children. ( , 2007)
"In the United States, seasonal influenza epidemics account for > 200,000 hospitalizations and > 30,000 deaths annually."	2.44	Influenza: evolving strategies in treatment and prevention. ( Lynch, JP; Walsh, EE, 2007)
"Influenza is an acute respiratory communicable disease which, during epidemics, can cause high morbidity and mortality."	2.44	Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza. ( Chen, XY; Duan, X; Liu, GJ; Ni, J; Qiao, JQ; Wang, Q; Wei, J; Wu, TX; Zheng, J; Zhou, LK, 2007)
"Typically, influenza B is associated with relatively mild, local outbreaks, whereas influenza A is the cause of world-wide pandemics."	2.44	Occasional review: influenza in COPD: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. ( Wesseling, G, 2007)
"Influenza A and influenza B viruses are continuing causes of morbidity and mortality on an annual basis."	2.44	Influenza viruses: basic biology and potential drug targets. ( Basler, CF, 2007)
"Despite the ability of H5N1 influenza viruses to grow to high titers and cause severe disease in human hosts, these viruses do not spread efficiently from human-to-human."	2.44	Influenza virus transmission: basic science and implications for the use of antiviral drugs during a pandemic. ( Lowen, AC; Palese, P, 2007)
"Zanamivir prevented influenza A more effectively than RMT in the elderly."	2.44	Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. ( Alves da Cunha, AJ; Alves Galvão, MG; Rocha Crispino Santos, MA, 2008)
"Rapid diagnosis tests for influenza are routinely performed in Japanese hospitals."	2.43	[Anti-virals for influenza virus infection]. ( Sugaya, N, 2005)
"Especially respiratory viral infections and herpes virus infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality in these patients."	2.43	[Antiviral therapy: from influenza to Pfeiffer's disease]. ( Salzberger, B, 2006)
"Children with influenza usually shed viruses from the several days before onset of clinical symptoms, and viruses are isolated for one or two weeks after onset."	2.43	[Diagnosis and Treatment of influenza--clinical investigation on viral shedding in children with influenza]. ( Mitamura, K; Sugaya, N, 2006)
"Resistance of seasonal influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors is low."	2.43	Antivirals in the management of an influenza pandemic. ( Dwyer, DE; Emery, S; Harrod, ME, 2006)
"Although influenza vaccination is still advocated for patients with blunted immunity, protection rates are not as high, running at 40% for frail institutionalized elderly people."	2.42	The treatment of influenza with antiviral drugs. ( Stiver, G, 2003)
"Prompt testing for influenza can help guide clinical management of patients with suspected influenza."	2.42	Influenza diagnosis and treatment in children: a review of studies on clinically useful tests and antiviral treatment for influenza. ( Uyeki, TM, 2003)
"A small armentarium of anti-influenza drugs now exists, and includes the M2 blockers (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (Relenza and Tamiflu)."	2.42	Treatment of epidemic and pandemic influenza with neuraminidase and M2 proton channel inhibitors. ( Balasingam, S; Bossuyt, S; Lambkin, R; Mann, A; Novelli, P; Oxford, JS, 2003)
"Amantadine is an antiviral drug with activity against influenza A viruses, but not influenza B viruses."	2.42	Emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses: epidemiological study. ( Masuda, H; Oshitani, H; Saito, R; Sato, I; Sato, M; Suzuki, H, 2003)
"Since the discovery of influenza virus in 1933, many viruses have been reported as the causative agents of acute respiratory infections."	2.42	[Influenza and other viral respiratory infections]. ( Kaji, M, 2003)
"Although influenza causes a high fever in the elderly similar to that of healthy adults, the cough lasts longer but frequency and degree of sore throat and coryza are lower in the elderly."	2.42	[Clinical characteristic of the elderly in influenza infection]. ( Ikematsu, H, 2003)
"The faulty point of amantadine is that influenza virus becomes easily resistant to the drug through aminoacids change of ionchannel of M2 protein."	2.42	[Amantadine]. ( Takeuchi, Y, 2003)
"Amantadine was used from 1998, and two kinds of neuraminidase inhibitors from 2001, in Japan."	2.42	[Criteria for the use of anti-influenza agents]. ( Kashiwagi, S, 2003)
"confirmed influenza A, and adverse effects were analysed."	2.42	Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. ( Deeks, JJ; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, T; Rivetti, D; Rudin, M, 2004)
"Every year, influenza viruses cause global epidemics that result in significant morbidity and mortality."	2.41	Antiviral therapy for influenza virus infections. ( Prober, CG, 2002)
"The prevention of influenza virus infections by the use of vaccines remains the most cost-effective and practical method of influenza virus control, but the use of antiviral prophylaxis and treatment in certain populations or high-risk individuals is also possible."	2.41	Antiviral therapy of influenza. ( Englund, JA, 2002)
"Influenza encephalopathy typically is associated with a sudden onset of high fever, severe convulsions, rapidly progressive coma, and death within 2 or 3 days."	2.41	Influenza-associated encephalopathy in Japan. ( Sugaya, N, 2002)
"Amantadine prevented 23% of clinical influenza cases (95% confidence interval 11% to 34%), and 63% of serologically confirmed clinical influenza A cases (95% confidence interval 42% to 76%)."	2.41	Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. ( Deeks, JJ; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, TO; Rivetti, D, 2002)
"Annual influenza immunization should be offered to elderly patients, subjects with chronic disease, and those in long-term residential or nursing home care."	2.41	Nosocomial transmission of influenza. ( Carman, WF; Kerr, G; Stott, DJ, 2002)
"Amantadine has been available for 25 years as a treatment and prophylactic against influenza A infection, but has scarcely been used."	2.41	The management of influenza in people of working age. ( Fleming, DM, 2002)
"Symptoms of influenza include fever, chills, headache, myalgia and respiratory symptoms."	2.41	Antivirals for influenza: what is their role in the older patient? ( Dumyati, G; Falsey, AR, 2002)
"Further, once an outbreak of influenza occurs in a hospital, administration of anti-influenza drugs to high-risk patients also needs to be considered."	2.41	[Influenza virus]. ( Mizuno, Y; Suzuki, K; Torii, M; Yamamoto, T, 2002)
"Currently, annual influenza immunization is recommended for all children 6 months and older with high-risk conditions."	2.41	Reduction of the influenza burden in children. ( , 2002)
"Although the influenza vaccine can help prevent pneumonia and hospitalization, it is limited by less than ideal immunization rates and the possibility of viral antigenic shifts that render the vaccine ineffective."	2.41	Neuraminidase inhibitors in patients with underlying airways disease. ( Pegram, PS; Williamson, JC, 2002)
"This is so even when the incidence of influenza is high and adverse effect quality of life preferences are rated low."	2.41	Prevention and early treatment of influenza in healthy adults. ( Deeks, J; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, T; Rivetti, D, 2000)
"Amantadine prevented 23% of clinical influenza cases (95% confidence interval 11% to 34%), and 63% of serologically confirmed clinical influenza A cases (95% confidence interval 42% to 76%) Amantadine reduced duration of fever by one day (95% confidence interval 0."	2.41	Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. ( Deeks, JJ; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, TO; Rivetti, D, 2000)
"Influenza is an acute respiratory infection associated with raised temperature, headache, muscle ache and cough."	2.41	Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. ( Deeks, J; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, T; Rivetti, D, 2000)
"As well as vaccination, anti-influenza agents such as amantadine are now available in Japan."	2.41	Vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus infections. ( Saito, T; Tashiro, M, 2000)
"Human influenza viruses originate from avian strains of influenza virus so that influenza infection is at its basis a zoonosis."	2.41	Influenza virus genetics. ( Brown, EG, 2000)
"Most influenza infections are self-limited, but they cause increased mortality in high-risk groups of population (such as the elderly and the subjects with chronic diseases) and increased morbidity in the general population, with loss of productivity and high health costs."	2.41	[Influenza]. ( Briganti, E; Calza, L; Chiodo, F; Manfredi, R, 2000)
"Pneumonia is a common cause of death in older people."	2.41	Interventions to prevent pneumonia among older adults. ( Arai, H; Ohrui, T; Sasaki, H; Yamaya, M; Yanai, M, 2001)
"Amantadine is only effective for influenza A, but zanamivir and oseltamivir, neuramidase inhibitors are strongly effective for influenza A and B."	2.41	[Antiinfluenza-drugs and the standard of the use]. ( Matsumoto, K, 2000)
"Amantadine has been found to have an efficacy of 50 to 90% prevention of illness."	2.41	[Anti-influenza A viral drug--amantadine]. ( Nasu, M; Tokimatsu, I, 2000)
"Amantadine prevented 23% of clinical influenza cases (95% confidence interval 11% to 34%), and 63% of serologically confirmed clinical influenza A cases (95% confidence interval 42% to 76%)."	2.41	Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. ( Deeks, JJ; Demicheli, V; Jefferson, TO; Rivetti, D, 2001)
"Annual influenza immunisation of high-risk persons and their contacts, including healthcare workers, is the primary means of preventing nosocomial influenza."	2.41	Influenza in the acute hospital setting. ( Farr, BM; Hall, KK; Hayden, FG; Salgado, CD, 2002)
"The effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing or attenuating illness varies, depending primarily on (1) the degree of similarity between the virus strains included in the vaccine and those that circulate during the influenza season, and (2) the age and immunocompetence of the vaccine recipient."	2.40	Influenza, influenza vaccine, and amantadine/rimantadine. ( Ahwesh, ER; Ruben, FL; Zimmerman, RK, 1997)
" It is obvious that most important problem in clinical use of anti-FluV drugs should be its side effects, bioavailability and stability in human bodies."	2.40	[Current status of research and development for anti-influenza virus drugs--chemotherapy for influenza]. ( Shigeta, S, 1997)
"Zanamivir, a new agent for treating influenza, offers promise but needs further study and approval by the Food and Drug Administration before it can be recommended for routine use."	2.40	Underused options for preventing and treating influenza. ( Mossad, SB, 1999)
"Live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccines are nearing availability."	2.40	Measures for control of influenza. ( Couch, RB, 1999)
"To provide a review of rimantadine, including its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration."	2.39	Rimantadine: a clinical perspective. ( Nahata, MC; Wintermeyer, SM, 1995)
"Amantadine has been better studied in this situation, and experience with rimantadine is limited."	2.39	Control of influenza outbreaks in the nursing home: guidelines for diagnosis and management. ( Arden, NH; Gomolin, IH; Leib, HB; Sherman, FT, 1995)
" Careful attention to published dosage adjustment guidelines for these compounds, avoidance of interacting drugs and avoiding these agents in patients with a history of seizures may be the best means to reduce the risk of toxicity in elderly patients."	2.39	Amantadine and rimantadine prophylaxis of influenza A in nursing homes. A tolerability perspective. ( Guay, DR, 1994)
"Risk of influenza mortality is high among older Americans and especially so among those residing in nursing homes."	2.39	Using antiviral agents to control outbreaks of influenza A infection. ( Monto, AS, 1994)
"However, comparing rhinovirus and influenza, there is no doubt that influenza viruses produce more severe symptoms."	2.39	Viral respiratory infections in the community: epidemiology, agents, and interventions. ( Monto, AS, 1995)
" Adverse effects are more prominent in the elderly but can be minimized by dosage reductions."	2.39	Use of antivirals in influenza in the elderly: prophylaxis and therapy. ( Nicholson, KG, 1996)
"Amantadine has been available for many years for prophylaxis and therapy, but there have been concerns about side effects, particularly in the elderly."	2.38	Implications of viral resistance to amantadine in control of influenza A. ( Arden, NH; Monto, AS, 1992)
"Influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, particularly among persons with cardiac and/or pulmonary disease and those over age 65."	2.38	Amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention of influenza A. ( Betts, RF, 1989)
"Amantadine is a drug with diverse uses ranging from prevention of influenza A illness to the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease."	2.37	Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. ( Aoki, FY; Sitar, DS, 1988)
"We compared the anti-influenza potencies of 57 adamantyl amines and analogs against influenza A virus with serine-31 M2 proton channel, usually termed as WT M2 channel, which is amantadine sensitive."	1.91	A Study of the Activity of Adamantyl Amines against Mutant Influenza A M2 Channels Identified a Polycyclic Cage Amine Triple Blocker, Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Solid-State NMR. ( Andreas, LB; Becker, S; Döring, K; Georgiou, K; Hoffmann, A; Kolocouris, A; Ma, C; Schmerer, P; Schmidtke, M; Stampolaki, Μ; Stylianakis, I; Tekwani, K; Turcu, AL; Tzitzoglaki, C; Vázquez, S; Wang, J, 2023)
"However, several highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses show amantadine-resistance mutations in the viral matrix 2 (M2) protein."	1.72	Abuse of amantadine in poultry may be associated with higher fatality rate of H5N1 infections in humans. ( Fu, YF; Hu, J; Jiang, SC; Li, ZL; Yuan, S; Zhang, ZW; Zhu, F, 2022)
"Matrix protein 2 from influenza A (AM2) is the best-characterized viroporin, and the current paradigm is that AM2 forms monodisperse tetramers."	1.62	Influenza AM2 Channel Oligomerization Is Sensitive to Its Chemical Environment. ( Horton, NC; Marty, MT; Park, CK; Prell, JS; Rolland, AD; Sanders, HM; Townsend, JA; Wang, J, 2021)
"Copper(II) is known to bind in the influenza virus His37 cluster in the homotetrameric M2 proton channel and block the proton current needed for uncoating."	1.62	Mechanism and Kinetics of Copper Complexes Binding to the Influenza A M2 S31N and S31N/G34E Channels. ( Busath, DD; Ess, DH; Harrison, RG; Hill, JT; McGuire, KL; Smit, P, 2021)
"In 2009, Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century with high mortality rates of about 284 500 deaths."	1.51	Molecular characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Cameroon during the 2014-2016 influenza seasons. ( Akoachere, JF; Anong, DN; Deweerdt, L; Kenmoe, S; Mbacham, W; Monamele, CG; Munshili Njifon, HL; Njankouo, MR; Njouom, R; Nono, R; Vernet, MA; Yahaya, AA, 2019)
"　The anti-influenza virus drug oseltamivir has been reported to have several pharmacological actions including blocking of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels and activation of the dopaminergic system."	1.48	[Similarity of Clinically Significant Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions Listed in Package Inserts between the Anti-influenza Drugs Oseltamivir and Amantadine (Possibility Attributable to Common Pharmacological Effects)]. ( Fukushima, A; Okamura, M; Ono, H, 2018)
"The development of treatments for influenza that inhibit the M2 proton channel without being susceptible to the widespread resistance mechanisms associated with the adamantanes is an ongoing challenge."	1.43	Novel spirothiazamenthane inhibitors of the influenza A M2 proton channel. ( Agafitei, O; Arns, S; Balgi, AD; Bourque, E; Jaquith, JB; Kumar, N; Niikura, M; Pfeifer, TA; Roberge, M; Shidmoossavee, FS; Shimizu, Y; Sun, S; Tai, SS, 2016)
"The International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases (isirv) held its 4th Antiviral Group Conference at the University of Texas on 2-4 June, 2015."	1.43	Meeting report: 4th ISIRV antiviral group conference: Novel antiviral therapies for influenza and other respiratory viruses. ( Fry, AM; McKimm-Breschkin, JL, 2016)
" As resistance to the only orally bioavailable drug, oseltamivir, has been continuously reported, there is a clear need to develop the next-generation of anti-influenza drugs."	1.43	Discovery of Potent Antivirals against Amantadine-Resistant Influenza A Viruses by Targeting the M2-S31N Proton Channel. ( Hu, Y; Li, F; Ma, C; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2016)
"Nasopharyngeal swabs positive for influenza A/H3N2 virus were inoculated on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line for virus isolation."	1.42	Drug susceptibility of influenza A/H3N2 strains co-circulating during 2009 influenza pandemic: first report from Mumbai. ( Chintakrindi, AS; Chowdhary, AS; Deshmukh, RA; Gohil, DJ; Kanyalkar, MA; Kothari, ST; Meharunkar, R; Shinde, PS; Warke, RV, 2015)
"Epidemics of influenza A/H3N2 occurred in July-September 2009, August 2010-January 2011, and November 2011-May 2012."	1.40	Prevalence, genetic drift of haemagglutinin, and antiviral resistance of influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Shanghai in children during 2009-2012. ( Cai, J; Wang, X; Yao, W; Zeng, M; Zhao, B; Zhu, Q, 2014)
"To genetically characterize human influenza viruses and their susceptibilities to antivirals during two post-pandemic seasons in Lebanon."	1.40	Characterization of human Influenza Viruses in Lebanon during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 post-pandemic seasons. ( Ali, Z; Dapat, C; Dapat, IC; Dbaibo, G; Ghanem, S; Kayali, G; Kondo, H; Lteif, M; Saito, K; Saito, R; Suzuki, H; Zaraket, H, 2014)
"Presently, the resistance of Influenza A virus isolates causes great difficulty for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection."	1.39	Simultaneous detection of oseltamivir- and amantadine-resistant influenza by oligonucleotide microarray visualization. ( Chen, S; Liu, Q; Wang, D; Wang, S; Zhang, Y, 2013)
"Conventional treatments against influenza include two classes of pathogen-targeting antivirals: M2 ion channel blockers (such as amantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (such as oseltamivir)."	1.39	Inhibitory and combinatorial effect of diphyllin, a v-ATPase blocker, on influenza viruses. ( Chen, HW; Cheng, JX; King, K; Liu, MT; Liu, YT; Peng, JY; Schooley, RT; Shresta, S; Wang, CH; Zhang, XQ, 2013)
"By attaching multiple copies of the influenza M2 ion channel inhibitors amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) to polymeric chains, we endeavored to recover their potency in inhibiting drug-resistant influenza viruses."	1.39	Conjugation to polymeric chains of influenza drugs targeting M2 ion channels partially restores inhibition of drug-resistant mutants. ( Chen, J; Klibanov, AM; Larson, AM, 2013)
"In February 2011, at the peak of an influenza outbreak, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the mass balances of four anti-influenza drugs-oseltamivir (OS), oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), amantadine (AMN), and zanamivir (ZAN)-in the urban area of the Yodo River system."	1.39	Mass balance of anti-influenza drugs discharged into the Yodo River system, Japan, under an influenza outbreak. ( Azuma, T; Nakada, N; Tanaka, H; Yamashita, N, 2013)
"The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) was a considerable public health concern worldwide."	1.39	Virological clearance rate of high-dose oseltamivir or triple-combination antiviral therapy in complicated 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. ( Jang, HC; Jung, SI; Kang, SJ; Kee, SJ; Kwon, YS; Park, KH; Shin, JH, 2013)
"Amantadine resistance among influenza A viruses was investigated in South Korea in 2005-2010."	1.39	High prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus isolated in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, during 2005-2010. ( Cho, HG; Choi, JH; Hong, HK; Jho, EH; Kang, C; Kim, WH; Lim, YH; Yoon, MH, 2013)
"Amantadine resistance was only found in subtype H3N2 and increased dramatically from 7% in 2003/2004 to 90% in 2008/2009."	1.37	Emergence and phylogenetic analysis of amantadine-resistant influenza a subtype H3N2 viruses in Dublin, Ireland, over Six Seasons from 2003/2004 to 2008/2009. ( Crowley, B; Ni Laoi, B; Salter, A, 2011)
"Amantadine was found to be equally effective in treating S-OIV patients as neuraminidase inhibitors."	1.37	Comparison of the efficacies of amantadine treatment of swine-origin influenza virus A H1N1 and seasonal influenza H1N1 and H3N2 in Japan (2008-2009). ( Hankins, RW; Hattori, H; Iida, H; Miyachi, K; Takano, T; Ukai, H; Watanabe, A, 2011)
"Pregnancy was a negative predictor of antiviral treatment before the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0."	1.37	Description of antiviral treatment among adults hospitalized with influenza before and during the 2009 pandemic: United States, 2005-2009. ( Arnold, K; Baumbach, J; Bennett, NM; Doshi, S; Finelli, L; Fry, AM; Gershman, K; Hancock, EB; Kamimoto, L; Lynfield, R; Morin, C; Perez, A; Reingold, A; Ryan, P; Schaffner, W; Thomas, A; Yousey-Hindes, K; Zansky, S, 2011)
"Oseltamivir resistance was observed in 12 (34."	1.37	Virological surveillance and antiviral resistance of human influenza virus in Argentina, 2005-2008. ( Baumeister, E; Campos, AM; Pontoriero, A; Savy, VL, 2011)
"Oseltamivir resistance was observed in 6 (20."	1.36	Antiviral drug profile of seasonal influenza viruses circulating in Portugal from 2004/2005 to 2008/2009 winter seasons. ( Correia, V; de Andrade, HR; Lackenby, A; Santos, LA; Zambon, M, 2010)
"Seasonal influenza A/H1N1 viruses, including antiviral-susceptible viruses, amantadine-resistant viruses, and oseltamivir-resistant viruses, obtained from several areas in Japan during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons were analyzed."	1.36	Genetic makeup of amantadine-resistant and oseltamivir-resistant human influenza A/H1N1 viruses. ( Baranovich, T; Caperig-Dapat, I; Dapat, C; Saito, R; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Zaraket, H, 2010)
"To monitor oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 influenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay."	1.36	Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) during 2007-2009 influenza seasons, Japan. ( Fujita, N; Horikawa, H; Kageyama, T; Kato, Y; Kishida, N; Mochizuki, K; Obuchi, M; Odagiri, T; Shimabukuro, K; Shirakura, M; Tashiro, M; Ujike, M; Yamashita, K, 2010)
"Forty influenza virus samples were isolated from 89 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with influenza-like illness."	1.36	Antiviral drug susceptibilities of seasonal human influenza viruses in Lebanon, 2008-09 season. ( Baranovich, T; Caperig-Dapat, I; Dapat, C; Dbaibo, GS; Medlej, F; Reda, M; Saito, R; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Tabet, C; Wakim, R; Zaraket, H, 2010)
"The prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A/H3N2 viruses (belonging to the N-lineage), possessing an S31N mutation in the M2 protein and S193F and D225N substitutions in their HA1 subunit, has significantly increased worldwide since 2005."	1.36	Genomic events contributing to the high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A/H3N2. ( Baranovich, T; Caperig-Dapat, I; Dapat, C; Saito, R; Shabana, II; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Zaraket, H, 2010)
"During the last two influenza seasons, one of the predominant influenza A types (H1N1) has developed complete resistance to oseltamivir, the primary treatment option."	1.36	[Naturally occurring oseltamivir resistance in influenza A]. ( Lundgren, J; Madsen, L; Nielsen, A, 2010)
"The NAIs prevent both types of seasonal influenza, shorten duration of illness, and reduce complications."	1.35	Antivirals and influenza: frequency of resistance. ( Monto, AS, 2008)
"Prior to 2007, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry and humans in Vietnam were consistently reported to be clade 1 viruses, susceptible to oseltamivir but resistant to amantadine."	1.35	Influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4 virus with a different antiviral susceptibility profile replaced clade 1 virus in humans in northern Vietnam. ( Bui, TN; Crusat, M; de Jong, MD; Do, HQ; Farrar, J; Fox, A; Hoang, PV; Horby, P; Le, MT; Luong, ST; Ngoc, BT; Nguyen, BG; Nguyen, CV; Nguyen, HD; Nguyen, HH; Nguyen, HL; Nguyen, HT; Nguyen, LT; Nguyen, T; Nguyen, TQ; Nguyen, TV; Pham, HV; Phan, PH; Taylor, W; Van, TD; Vuong, CD; Wertheim, HF, 2008)
"Isolates of influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) were strain typed using molecular methods."	1.35	Differential patterns of amantadine-resistance in influenza A (H3N2) and (H1N1) isolates in Toronto, Canada. ( Burton, L; Drews, SJ; Eshaghi, A; Higgins, RR; Mazzulli, T, 2009)
"In the 2006-to-2007 influenza season, amantadine-sensitive strains were found among the N-lineage influenza A (H3N2) viruses, which were previously believed to be associated with amantadine resistance."	1.35	Reversion of influenza A (H3N2) virus from amantadine resistant to amantadine sensitive by further reassortment in Japan during the 2006-to-2007 influenza season. ( Fuji, N; Furuse, Y; Kamigaki, T; Oshitani, H; Shimizu, M; Suzuki, A, 2009)
"Resistance of influenza viruses to antiviral drugs can emerge following medication or may result from natural variation."	1.35	Detection of molecular markers of antiviral resistance in influenza A (H5N1) viruses using a pyrosequencing method. ( Balish, A; Bright, RA; Deyde, VM; Gubareva, LV; Klimov, AI; Lindstrom, S; Nguyen, T; Shu, B, 2009)
"A total of 1,041 human influenza A virus isolates were collected at a clinic in Niigata, Japan, during eight influenza seasons from 2000 to 2007."	1.35	Molecular evolution of human influenza A viruses in a local area during eight influenza epidemics from 2000 to 2007. ( Caperig-Dapat, I; Dapat, C; Li, D; Oguma, T; Saito, R; Sasaki, A; Sato, I; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Zaraket, H, 2009)
"To clarify seasonal influenza patterns and the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in Okinawa, located at the southern extremity of Japan in a subtropical climate, we conducted a laboratory-based study of influenza virus infections from 2001 to 2007."	1.35	Epidemiologic study of influenza infection in Okinawa, Japan, from 2001 to 2007: changing patterns of seasonality and prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus. ( Nidaira, M; Okano, S; Saito, R; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Taira, K; Zaraket, H, 2009)
"To perform genetic analysis of influenza A and B viruses in Myanmar from 2005 to 2007 and to determine the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses."	1.35	Epidemiology of human influenza A and B viruses in Myanmar from 2005 to 2007. ( Baranovich, T; Cho, TM; Dapat, C; Dapat, IC; Hasegawa, G; Kyaw, Y; Li, D; Naito, M; Oguma, T; Saito, R; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y; Zaraket, H, 2009)
"A total of 66 influenza A viruses including 44 H1N1 and 22 H3N2 subtypes isolated in Bangkok and 13 provinces of Thailand from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed."	1.35	Amantadine- and oseltamivir-resistant variants of influenza A viruses in Thailand. ( Auwanit, W; Bai, GR; Chittaganpitch, M; Ikuta, K; Kanai, Y; Li, YG; Sawanpanyalert, P, 2009)
"The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in the United States in April 2009 and has since spread worldwide."	1.35	Update: influenza activity - United States, August 30-October 31, 2009. ( , 2009)
"The monitoring influenza activity has been coordinated by the Centers for Diseases Control, Taiwan, and the surveillance is based on integrated clinical and virological surveillance components."	1.35	Genetic and antigenic analysis of epidemic influenza viruses isolated during 2006-2007 season in Taiwan. ( Chiu, SC; Lee, CH; Lin, JH; Peng, YT; Su, YJ; Tsai, HC; Wu, HS, 2008)
"At the end of the 2003-4 influenza season, we conducted a cross sectional on-line survey of physician knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rapid diagnostic testing and use of antiviral therapy for influenza at two large academic medical centers, one in Massachusetts and the other in Texas."	1.35	Do pediatricians manage influenza differently than internists? ( Bonner, AB; Rajab, MH; Rose, DN; Rothberg, MB; Stechenberg, BW, 2008)
"Outbreaks of influenza A occurring from October through May each year during the period 2001-2004 in LTCFs in New York were defined as a single laboratory-confirmed case or a cluster of > or = 2 cases of influenza-like illness on a unit of an LTCF."	1.35	Effect of timing of amantadine chemoprophylaxis on severity of outbreaks of influenza a in adult long-term care facilities. ( Ackelsberg, J; Nivin, B; Rubin, MS, 2008)
"Since 2003, highly pathogenic A(H5N1) influenza viruses have been the cause of large-scale death in poultry and the subsequent infection and death of over 140 humans."	1.34	Susceptibility of highly pathogenic A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses to the neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes. ( Barr, IG; Brown, L; Hurt, AC; Komadina, N; Selleck, P; Shaw, R, 2007)
"Amantadine has only been shown to have an effect on type A influenza virus and is only available in tablet form (unsuitable for young children)."	1.34	Oseltamivir: new indication. Prevention of influenza in at-risk children: vaccination is best. ( , 2007)
"In total, 415 influenza A isolates from six prefectures were screened, and 231 (65."	1.34	High prevalence of amantadine-resistance influenza a (H3N2) in six prefectures, Japan, in the 2005-2006 season. ( Asoh, N; Degawa, S; Ishikawa, H; Kawashima, T; Li, D; Masaki, H; Nishimura, H; Saito, R; Sato, I; Sato, M; Shimomura, C; Shirahige, Y; Shobugawa, Y; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y, 2007)
"Oseltamivir was administered to 2775 patients and amantadine to 781 patients."	1.34	A change in the effectiveness of amantadine for the treatment of influenza over the 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006 influenza seasons in Japan. ( Ikematsu, H; Iwaki, N; Kashiwagi, S; Kawai, N; Kawamura, K; Kawashima, T, 2007)
"These six influenza isolates were obtained from four different provinces of Thailand during the avian influenza outbreak in Asia from late 2003 to May 2004."	1.33	Molecular characterization of the complete genome of human influenza H5N1 virus isolates from Thailand. ( Auewarakul, P; Boonnak, K; Charoenying, PC; Khanyok, R; Kijphati, R; Pooruk, P; Puthavathana, P; Sangsiriwut, K; Sawanpanyalert, P; Thawachsupa, P, 2005)
" Although amantadine has a lower acquisition cost than oseltamivir, it is associated with more adverse events, lower efficacy, and individualized dosing requirements, leading to higher overall costs and more influenza-like illness cases than oseltamivir."	1.33	Economic evaluation of oseltamivir phosphate for postexposure prophylaxis of influenza in long-term care facilities. ( Bowles, SK; McGeer, A; Oh, PI; Risebrough, NA; Simor, AE, 2005)
"Amantadine was administered to 676 patients with influenza A (A+Am group)."	1.33	Factors influencing the effectiveness of oseltamivir and amantadine for the treatment of influenza: a multicenter study from Japan of the 2002-2003 influenza season. ( Hirotsu, N; Ikematsu, H; Iwaki, N; Kashiwagi, S; Kawai, N; Kawashima, T; Maeda, T; Miyachi, K; Satoh, I; Shigematsu, T, 2005)
"To study antiviral activity of arbidol in relation to various antigenic subtypes of influenza virus isolated from humans; efficacy of arbidol action in combination with adamantanic antiviral drugs, ribavirin and ribamidil on reproduction of influenza virus A (IVA) in cell culture."	1.33	[Sensitivity of various influenza virus strains to arbidol. Influence of arbidol combination with different antiviral drugs on reproduction of influenza virus A]. ( Fediakina, IT; Glushkov, RG; Gus'kova, TA; Leneva, IA, 2005)
"More than 90% of deaths linked to influenza involve people over 65 years of age."	1.33	Antiviral drugs in influenza: an adjunct to vaccination in some situations. ( , 2006)
"Forty-one strains of influenza virus were isolated from pediatric patients with influenza in Beijing 2004-2005 and were identified as H3 subtype."	1.33	[Resistance to amantadine of epidemic strain of H3 subtype influenza virus: a primary study]. ( Qian, Y; Wang, F; Xu, H; Zhang, JH; Zhu, RN, 2006)
"An off-season community influenza outbreak with high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A/H3N2 occurred during September-October 2005 in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, prior to standard influenza circulation."	1.33	An off-seasonal amantadine-resistant H3N2 influenza outbreak in Japan. ( Le, MQ; Li, D; Masaki, H; Nguyen, HL; Nguyen, HT; Nguyen, TT; Phan, TV; Saito, R; Sato, M; Shimomura, C; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, Y, 2006)
"Oseltamivir has been shown to decrease antibiotic use, the number of hospitalizations, and, probably, the risk of death after influenza."	1.33	Antiviral management of seasonal and pandemic influenza. ( Hayden, FG; Pavia, AT, 2006)
"In the case of influenza disease there is no possible to make unquestionable diagnosis only on the basis of clinical picture."	1.33	[Significance of virological diagnostics for the effective treatment of hospitalized patients infected with influenza virus]. ( Brydak, LB; Gawryluk, D; Machała, M; Wiatr, E, 2006)
"Zanamivir was administered intranasally and amantadine was administered orally."	1.32	Compared protective effect of nasal immunoprophylaxis using a new human monoclonal IgM antibody, human polyclonal antibodies, F(ab')2, amantadine, and zanamivir for prophylaxis of influenza A virus pneumonia in mice. ( Bazin, H; Cavallo, JD; Hernandez, E; Lhonneux, A; Noury, J; Ramisse, F, 2003)
"In two influenza seasons during which H1N1 and H3N2 cocirculated, resistance was more frequent in H3N2 strains than in H1N1 strains after amantadine treatment."	1.32	Frequency of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses during two seasons featuring cocirculation of H1N1 and H3N2. ( Oshitani, H; Saito, R; Sakai, T; Sano, Y; Sato, I; Sato, M; Suzuki, H, 2003)
"To determine the cost-effectiveness of influenza testing and treatment strategies for older adults."	1.32	Management of influenza in adults older than 65 years of age: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy. ( Bellantonio, S; Rose, DN; Rothberg, MB, 2003)
"We report a 2-year-old child with influenza A encephalitis treated with amantadine who achieved a potentially therapeutic concentration in cerebrospinal fluid."	1.32	Amantadine penetration into cerebrospinal fluid of a child with influenza A encephalitis. ( Geskey, JM; Thomas, NJ, 2004)
"Treatment with amantadine and therapy with hyperimmunoglobulins seem to be useful."	1.32	[Bilateral influenza-triggered panuveitis and subsequent therapy with amantadine and hyperimmunoglobulins]. ( Cinatl, I; Gümbel, HO; Hattenbach, LO; Lipke, KJ; Schäfer, HG, 2004)
"In Germany, for treating influenza amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir are approved."	1.32	Antiviral treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in primary care: German recommendations. ( Kossow, KD; Lode, H; Ruf, BR; Scholz, H; Vogel, GE; Wutzler, P, 2004)
"Amantadine treatment was simultaneously provided to 29 ill residents."	1.32	Emergence and transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing home. ( Cox, N; Drinka, P; Gravenstein, S; Krause, P; Povinelli, L; Schilling, M; Shult, P, 2004)
"Antiviral treatment of influenza without rapid testing is reasonable economically in febrile patients with typical symptoms during influenza season."	1.31	Cost-effectiveness of newer treatment strategies for influenza. ( Roberts, MS; Smith, KJ, 2002)
"The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 20 million deaths worldwide."	1.31	Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. ( Basler, CF; García-Sastre, A; Mikulasova, A; Palese, P; Swayne, DE; Taubenberger, JK; Tumpey, TM, 2002)
"Prevention of influenza infection in institutions requires the vaccination of as many as possible of both residents and caregivers."	1.31	[Respiratory tract infections in the elderly living in institutions: prevention]. ( Bentot-Levasseur, C; Bercoff, E; Chassagne, P; Doucet, J; Druesne, L, 2002)
"Influenza encephalopathy is distinct from Reye's syndrome."	1.31	Influenza-associated encephalopathy in Japan: pathogenesis and treatment. ( Sugaya, N, 2000)
"Amantadine use was associated with a significantly higher incidence of central nervous system adverse events than rimantadine use in this elderly population receiving influenza prophylaxis."	1.31	Comparison of central nervous system adverse effects of amantadine and rimantadine used as sequential prophylaxis of influenza A in elderly nursing home patients. ( Bertino, JS; Karl, M; Keyser, LA; Nafziger, AN, 2000)
"An outbreak of an influenza like illness was found in a nursing home in Fukuoka in January, 1999."	1.31	[Amantadine usage for influenza A during an influenza outbreak in a nursing home]. ( Hara, H; Hayashi, J; Ikematsu, H; Kajiyama, W; Kashiwagi, S; Li, W; Nabeshima, A; Yong, C, 2000)
"Amantadine hydrochloride is an accepted and well studied selective inhibitor of influenza virus reproduction."	1.31	Combined antiinfluenza virus activity of Flos verbasci infusion and amantadine derivatives. ( Serkedjieva, J, 2000)
"Amantadine was prescribed as 5 mg/kg/day and the serum concentration was measured in 5-7 days."	1.31	[Serum concentration of amantadine in the treatment of children with influenza type A infection]. ( Kimura, K; Komiyama, O; Sugaya, N; Yamamoto, K; Yamazaki, M, 2000)
"Zanamivir was well tolerated, and its use was temporally associated with termination of an outbreak that amantadine had failed to control."	1.31	Zanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing home. ( Fearon, M; Lee, C; Li, Y; Loeb, M; Mazzulli, T; McArthur, MA; McGeer, A; Nesbitt, J; Phillips, A; Smith, K, 2000)
"Fifty-five influenza A viruses from 27 sentinel surveillance sites during six influenza seasons from 1993 to 1999, and 26 influenza A viruses from 5 nursing homes from 1996 to 1999 were examined for susceptibility to the drug by virus titration in the presence or absence of amantadine."	1.31	Incidence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in sentinel surveillance sites and nursing homes in Niigata, Japan. ( Kawasaki, S; Masuda, H; Nishikawa, M; Oshitani, H; Saito, R; Satoh, H; Suzuki, H, 2000)
"Diagnosis was confirmed using a rapid influenza assay or shell vial culture."	1.31	Influenza A in a basic training population: implications for directly observed therapy. ( Canas, LC; Dolan, DM; Meier, PA; Rowles, DM; Walter, EA, 2000)
"Amantadine, which has been in use for about 30 years, has a relatively good safety profile."	1.31	Zanamivir. No noticeable progress against influenza. ( , 2000)
"Although annual influenza vaccination is recommended for persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), data are limited regarding the epidemiology of influenza or the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in this population."	1.31	Influenza A among patients with human immunodeficiency virus: an outbreak of infection at a residential facility in New York City. ( Baker, I; Bridges, CB; De Guzman, AM; Fine, AD; Fukuda, K; Glover, L; Regnery, H; Wong, SJ; Zeller, B, 2001)
"Amantadine was judged effective in controlling 76% of the influenza A outbreaks and was discontinued because of side effects in 3% of the residents."	1.31	Prevention of influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia in Canadian long-term care facilities: how are we doing? ( Abraham, E; McArthur, MA; McGeer, AJ; Naus, M; Stevenson, CG, 2001)
"Amantadine, which has been in use for about thirty years, has a relatively good safety profile."	1.31	Zanamivir: new preparation. No tangible progress against influenza. ( , 2000)
"To detect resistant influenza A virus strains, we have developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis for nasopharyngeal swabs."	1.31	Detection of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus strains in nursing homes by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with nasopharyngeal swabs. ( Masuda, H; Oshitani, H; Saito, R; Suzuki, H, 2002)
"To analyze the compatibility of avian influenza A virus hemagglutinins (HAs) and human influenza A virus matrix (M) proteins M1 and M2, we doubly infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with amantadine (1-aminoadamantane hydrochloride)-resistant human viruses and amantadine-sensitive avian strains."	1.31	Cooperation between the hemagglutinin of avian viruses and the matrix protein of human influenza A viruses. ( Krauss, S; Scholtissek, C; Stech, J; Webster, RG, 2002)
"The percentage of individuals receiving influenza vaccine is markedly lower in Japan than in many other economically advanced countries."	1.31	Influenza vaccine, anti-influenza drugs, and rapid diagnosis in Japan. ( Sugaya, N, 2000)
"Oseltamivir for treatment or prophylaxis during 11 influenza outbreaks in 1999/2000."	1.31	Use of oseltamivir during influenza outbreaks in Ontario nursing homes, 1999-2000. ( Bowles, SK; Fearon, M; Lee, W; Li, Y; Loeb, M; McGeer, A; Simor, AE; Tamblyn, S; Vearncombe, M, 2002)
"Large outbreaks of influenza A and B may occur in nursing homes despite high resident vaccination rates, even when the vaccine strain is matched to the circulating strain."	1.30	Outbreaks of influenza A and B in a highly immunized nursing home population. ( Drinka, PJ; Gravenstein, S; Krause, P; Miller, BA; Schilling, M; Shult, P, 1997)
"Influenza A encephalopathy has been managed to date only with supportive measures, because the efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not yet been documented."	1.30	[Use of amantadine for influenza A encephalopathy]. ( Hayashi, E; Miura, M; Sugaya, N, 1998)
"This report and other information on influenza can be accessed at the website for the Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC at	1.30	Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). ( , 1999)
" Pharmacists confirmed a total of 22 adverse effects; generally the problem was solved by reducing the dosage rather than discontinuing the drug."	1.30	Influenza outbreak in a long-term-care facility: considerations for pharmacy. ( Bowles, SK; Collins, V; Kennie, N; Louie, M; Ruston, L; Simor, A, 1999)
"Consecutive A (H3N2) influenza virus isolates from 2 influenza virus-infected immunodeficient patients treated with amantadine were examined using a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction analysis for resistance to this antiviral compound."	1.29	Prolonged shedding of amantadine-resistant influenzae A viruses by immunodeficient patients: detection by polymerase chain reaction-restriction analysis. ( Cox, NJ; Hayden, FG; Klimov, AI; Rocha, E; Roumillat, LF; Shult, PA, 1995)
"Amantadine was discontinued in four residents (5%) because of adverse effects (agitation, confusion, unsteady gait)."	1.29	Influenza A outbreak in a nursing home: the value of early diagnosis and the use of amantadine hydrochloride. ( Foster, G; McArthur, M; McGeer, A; Petric, M; Simor, AE; Staynor, K, 1994)
"The identification of influenza A as the cause of the first two outbreaks led to the recommendation for amantadine use in the third outbreak."	1.29	Three summertime outbreaks of influenza type A. ( Arden, NH; Farley, TA; Kohn, MA; McFarland, LM; Sundin, D; Tapia, R, 1995)
"In the event of influenza pandemic, clinicians have to be sure that vaccination has been correctly performed in all patients in whom it is usually recommended."	1.29	Therapeutic approaches of clinicians to influenza pandemic. ( Cordier, JF; Philit, F, 1994)
"A Canadian plan for pandemic influenza was completed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization in 1988."	1.29	Pandemic planning in Canada. ( Tamblyn, SE, 1994)
"Amantadine was used for case treatment and prophylaxis in all three nursing homes."	1.29	Amantadine-resistant influenza A in nursing homes. Identification of a resistant virus prior to drug use. ( Cox, N; Hemphill, M; Hirsh, D; Houck, P; LaCroix, S, 1995)
"This combination warrants testing in human influenza."	1.29	Combination antiviral therapy for respiratory virus infections. ( Hayden, FG, 1996)
"Amantadine prophylaxis was performed in 91 patients during influenza A epidemics."	1.29	[Amantadine in the prevention of nosocomial influenza]. ( Bíró, L; Guller, Z; Koltai, M; Szepesi, A, 1996)
"Episodes of influenza and their sequelae, i."	1.29	Sequential outbreak of influenza A and B in a nursing home: efficacy of vaccine and amantadine. ( Breuer, B; Libow, LS; Neufeld, RR; Olson, E; Starer, P, 1996)
"An outbreak of influenza with 10 nosocomial cases occurred in 1988."	1.29	Prevention of nosocomial influenza. ( Adal, KA; Anglim, AM; Coyner, BJ; Farr, BM; Flowers, RH; Hayden, FG; Titus, MG, 1996)
"Amantadine has been used in Norway to treat Parkinson's disease since 1972."	1.28	[Amantadine and rimantadine against influenza A]. ( Bruu, AL; Orstavik, I, 1992)
"Incidence of influenza-like illness among vaccinated versus unvaccinated nursing home residents and staff."	1.28	An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a well immunized nursing home population. ( Balzano, GJ; Coles, FB; Morse, DL, 1992)
"Pharmacokinetic and adverse event profiles of 50- and 100-mg amantadine doses administered daily for up to 21 days for influenza prophylaxis were compared in 82 elderly nursing home residents (mean age 85 yrs, 68% female)."	1.28	Comparison of pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of amantadine 50- and 100-mg daily doses in elderly nursing home residents. ( Cooper, SL; Degelau, J; Ehresman, D; Guay, DR; Somani, SK; Zaske, D, 1991)
"Outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2, A/Shanghai/11/87-like) occurred in two partially (60% and 79%) vaccinated nursing home populations in January 1988."	1.28	Emergence and possible transmission of amantadine-resistant viruses during nursing home outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2). ( Arden, NH; Circo, R; Davis, JP; Gravenstein, S; Harmon, MW; Kendal, AP; Mast, EE; Tyszka, G; Wu, SP, 1991)
"Outbreaks of influenza A virus infection can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among residents of nursing homes."	1.28	Control of influenza A outbreaks in nursing homes: amantadine as an adjunct to vaccine--Washington, 1989-90. ( , 1991)
" Although no further influenza cases were diagnosed, 22% experienced adverse events."	1.28	Occurrence of adverse effects and high amantadine concentrations with influenza prophylaxis in the nursing home. ( Cooper, SL; Degelau, J; Irvine, PW; Somani, S, 1990)
"Despite the severe impact of influenza, only a small proportion of the population at risk--sometimes lethal--is protected by annual vaccination."	1.28	Prevention and control of influenza in institutional settings. ( Fedson, DS, 1989)
"All clinical isolates of influenza A viruses from patients in Huntington, West Virginia, during the decade 1978-1988 were tested, and 65 of 65 H1N1 and 176 of 181 H3N2 viruses were susceptible to the antiviral action of amantadine and rimantadine."	1.28	Resistance of influenza A virus to amantadine and rimantadine: results of one decade of surveillance. ( Belshe, RB; Burk, B; Cerruti, RL; Newman, F; Sim, IS, 1989)
"An outbreak of influenza A/Sichuan (H3N2) in a teaching nursing home during 1988 gave us the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of an influenza vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis protocol."	1.28	Treatment of an influenza A outbreak in a teaching nursing home. Effectiveness of a protocol for prevention and control. ( Hair, C; Kost, J; Laxson, L; Meiklejohn, G; Oboler, S; Peters, NL, 1989)
"This revision of the influenza vaccine recommendations updates information on influenza activity in the United States for the 1982-1983 influenza season and provides information on the vaccine available for the 1983-1984 influenza season."	1.27	Influenza vaccines 1983-1984. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. ( , 1983)
"Clinical influenza attacked 304 out of 576 boys at a west country boarding school."	1.27	Use of amantadine in influenza: a second report. ( Rose, HJ, 1983)
"Type A influenza is more common than Type B in all age groups."	1.27	Prevention and drug treatment of influenza. ( Monto, AS, 1983)
"At a 1985 conference on influenza control organised by the US Centers for Disease Control, a major viewpoint expressed was for the routine immunisation of children who are household contacts of high-risk persons."	1.27	A perspective on influenza control. ( Imperato, PJ, 1986)
"Two patients with advanced Huntington's disease manifested a marked increase in irritability and aggressiveness when treated with amantadine during an epidemic of influenza."	1.27	Adverse behavioral effects of amantadine therapy in Huntington's disease. ( Stewart, JT, 1987)
" Changes include addition of statements about the route of vaccine administration; the use of amantadine in medical personnel during influenza A outbreaks; the need to prepare contingency plans to expedite use of amantadine in aborting influenza A outbreaks among residents of institutions; and reduction in the dosage of amantadine for older patients or persons with seizure disorders."	1.27	Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services. ( , 1985)
" Changes include statements about 1) updating of the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine for 1988-89, 2) increased emphasis on the need for vaccination of health-care workers, 3) prevention of influenza in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and 4) dosage considerations for amantadine."	1.27	Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and control of influenza. ( , 1988)
"Amantadine was used in a boarding school to control an outbreak of influenza A H3N2."	1.27	Prophylactic use of amantadine in a boarding school outbreak of influenza A. ( Davies, JR; Grilli, EA; Hoskins, TW; Smith, AJ, 1988)
" These findings illustrate the benefits of influenza vaccination and support the use of amantadine hydrochloride at a dosage of 100 mg daily for outbreak control among elderly persons."	1.27	The roles of vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis in controlling an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a nursing home. ( Arden, NH; Fasano, MB; Harmon, MW; Kendal, AP; Lui, KJ; Patriarca, PA; Rimland, D, 1988)
"We treated a woman for influenza pneumonia with respiratory failure at 33 weeks' gestation with oral amantadine and ribavirin inhalation therapy in conjunction with evacuation of the uterus and delivery."	1.27	Favorable outcome after treatment with amantadine and ribavirin in a pregnancy complicated by influenza pneumonia. A case report. ( Carpenter, RJ; Faro, S; Kirshon, B; Samo, TC; Zurawin, RK, 1988)
"Amantadine was not given to any of the 23 hospital staff on duty."	1.27	Amantadine for prophylaxis against influenza A. ( Grandien, M; Karlsson, M; Linde, A; Reichard, O; Sköldenberg, B, 1987)
"An explosive outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) occurred during early February 1985 among the 55 residents of a nursing home in Douglas, Wyoming."	1.27	Unusual outbreak of influenza A in a Wyoming nursing home. ( Hall, H; Meiklejohn, G, 1987)
"To help control influenza in the upcoming season, information on the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine is provided, recommendations for vaccination of persons in households with a high-risk person are made, and precautions for the use of amantadine hydrochloride are described."	1.27	Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control. ( , 1987)
"In January 1984, an outbreak of influenza caused by A/Victoria/7/83-like virus, a new H1N1 variant, occurred in an institution for mentally handicapped children and adults."	1.27	Amantadine prophylaxis during an institutional outbreak of type A (H1N1) influenza. ( Arden, NH; Atkinson, WL; Gohd, R; Leslie, N; Lui, KJ; Patriarca, PA, 1986)
"Thirty-nine influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) virus isolates were examined for their susceptibility to amantadine in allantois-on-shell (AOS) cultures."	1.27	Amantadine resistance in clinical influenza A (H3N2) and (H1N1) virus isolates. ( Jennings, R; Oxford, JS; Pemberton, RM; Potter, CW, 1986)
" A dosage of 200 mg of either drug for a 3-5-day period is effective but treatment has to commence on the first day of symptoms."	1.27	Current status of amantadine and rimantadine as anti-influenza-A agents: memorandum from a WHO meeting. ( , 1985)
"Vaccination is more difficult for influenza than for pneumococcal pneumonia."	1.27	Vaccinating the elderly: recommendations and rationale. ( Alvarez, S; Berk, SL, 1986)
"Amantadine kinetics were investigated in 10 healthy elderly men 60 to 76 yr old."	1.27	Amantadine kinetics in healthy elderly men: implications for influenza prevention. ( Aoki, FY; Sitar, DS, 1985)
"Current influenza vaccines are about 80 percent protective, but grossly underused."	1.27	Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Prevention and cost-control strategies. ( La Force, FM, 1985)
"Because of the severe consequences of influenza in aged persons, there is need for continued evaluation of vaccines, improved delivery, improved education, and new strategies for the prevention of influenza in the elderly."	1.26	Prevention of influenza in the elderly. ( Ruben, FL, 1982)
" The average half-life of amantadine in eight patients studied while receiving maintenance hemodialysis was 24."	1.26	Amantadine hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in hemodialysis patients. ( Daugirdas, JT; Gandhi, VC; Hano, JE; Ing, TS; Ivanovich, PT; Soung, LS; Viol, GW; Wu, MJ, 1980)
"Contemporary strains of influenza A viruses (subtypes H1N1, H3N2, HSW1N1) required amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride 50% inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0."	1.26	Plaque inhibition assay for drug susceptibility testing of influenza viruses. ( Cote, KM; Douglas, RG; Hayden, FG, 1980)
"None of these boys suffered influenza whereas 30 per cent of the rest of the school was confined to the sickbays."	1.26	The use of amantadine and influenza vaccine in a type A influenza epidemic in a boarding school. ( Rose, HJ, 1980)
"The patients with influenza tolerated the treatment well and recovered promptly."	1.26	Amantadine aerosol in humans. ( Bloom, K; Knight, V; Wilson, RK; Wilson, SZ, 1979)
" The current level of dosage of vaccine for adults is 1200 chick cell agglutinating units, almost double what it was a dozen years ago."	1.26	Influenza. ( Knight, V, 1976)
"During the post-treatment period, while influenza was still prevalent, an accelerated rate of infection occurred among persons previously protected by chemotherapy."	1.26	Use and withdrawal of amantadine chemoprophylaxis during epidemic influenza A. ( Jackson, GG; Muldoon, RL; Stanley, ED, 1976)
"Experience in the field of influenza (vaccination, chemical prevention, clinical pictures, treatment) during the period 1964-1974 is briefly described."	1.25	[Influenza. Study of recent acquisitions. Prevention and therapy]. ( Dal Fabbro, G; Frugoni, G, 1975)

Research

Studies (686)

Authors

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

28-day Mortality

Percentage of Participants Who Required Hospitalization.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	296 (43.15)	18.7374
1990's	111 (16.18)	18.2507
2000's	201 (29.30)	29.6817
2010's	69 (10.06)	24.3611
2020's	9 (1.31)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Stylianakis, I	2
Kolocouris, A	3
Kolocouris, N	1
Fytas, G	1
Foscolos, GB	1
Padalko, E	1
Neyts, J	1
De Clercq, E	1
Lee, CL	1
Chiang, LC	1
Cheng, LH	1
Liaw, CC	1
Abd El-Razek, MH	1
Chang, FR	1
Wu, YC	1
Arns, S	1
Balgi, AD	1
Shimizu, Y	1
Pfeifer, TA	1
Kumar, N	1
Shidmoossavee, FS	1
Sun, S	1
Tai, SS	1
Agafitei, O	1
Jaquith, JB	1
Bourque, E	1
Niikura, M	1
Roberge, M	1
Yarovaya, OI	1
Sokolova, AS	1
Mainagashev, IY	1
Volobueva, AS	1
Lantseva, K	1
Borisevich, SS	1
Shtro, AA	1
Zarubaev, VV	1
Salakhutdinov, NF	1
Cihan-Üstündağ, G	1
Zopun, M	1
Vanderlinden, E	2
Ozkirimli, E	1
Persoons, L	1
Çapan, G	1
Naesens, L	2
Si, L	1
Bai, H	1
Oh, CY	1
Jin, L	1
Prantil-Baun, R	1
Ingber, DE	1
Townsend, JA	1
Sanders, HM	1
Rolland, AD	1
Park, CK	1
Horton, NC	1
Prell, JS	1
Wang, J	5
Marty, MT	1
Yuan, S	1
Jiang, SC	1
Zhang, ZW	1
Fu, YF	1
Zhu, F	1
Li, ZL	1
Hu, J	1
Stampolaki, Μ	1
Hoffmann, A	1
Tekwani, K	1
Georgiou, K	1
Tzitzoglaki, C	1
Ma, C	4
Becker, S	1
Schmerer, P	1
Döring, K	1
Turcu, AL	1
Vázquez, S	2
Andreas, LB	1
Schmidtke, M	2
Konstantinidi, A	1
Chountoulesi, M	1
Naziris, N	1
Sartori, B	1
Amenitsch, H	1
Mali, G	1
Čendak, T	1
Plakantonaki, M	1
Triantafyllakou, I	1
Tselios, T	1
Demetzos, C	1
Busath, DD	3
Mavromoustakos, T	1
Palaczyński, P	1
Garus, M	1
Śliwczyńska, M	1
Misiołek, H	1
McGuire, KL	2
Hill, JT	2
Smit, P	1
Ess, DH	1
Harrison, RG	1
Beigel, JH	1
Bao, Y	1
Beeler, J	1
Manosuthi, W	1
Slandzicki, A	1
Dar, SM	1
Panuto, J	1
Beasley, RL	1
Perez-Patrigeon, S	1
Suwanpimolkul, G	1
Losso, MH	1
McClure, N	1
Bozzolo, DR	1
Myers, C	1
Holley, HP	1
Hoopes, J	1
Lane, HC	1
Hughes, MD	1
Davey, RT	1
Mozhgani, SH	1
Zarei Ghobadi, M	1
Moeini, S	1
Pakzad, R	1
Kananizadeh, P	1
Behzadian, F	1
Ono, H	1
Okamura, M	1
Fukushima, A	1
Monamele, CG	1
Munshili Njifon, HL	1
Vernet, MA	1
Njankouo, MR	1
Kenmoe, S	1
Yahaya, AA	1
Deweerdt, L	1
Nono, R	1
Mbacham, W	1
Anong, DN	1
Akoachere, JF	1
Njouom, R	1
Niu, T	2
Zhao, X	2
Jiang, J	2
Yan, H	2
Li, Y	7
Tang, S	2
Song, D	2
Yinghong, LI	1
Yuhuan, LI	1
Xing, J	1
Zhang, Y	1
Liu, Q	1
Wang, D	1
Chen, S	1
Wang, S	1
Jiang, L	1
Deng, L	1
Wu, T	1
Torres, E	1
Duque, MD	1
Pinto, LH	1
Camps, P	1
Froeyen, M	1
Chen, HW	1
Cheng, JX	1
Liu, MT	1
King, K	1
Peng, JY	1
Zhang, XQ	1
Wang, CH	1
Shresta, S	1
Schooley, RT	1
Liu, YT	1
Larson, AM	1
Chen, J	1
Klibanov, AM	1
Azuma, T	2
Nakada, N	2
Yamashita, N	2
Tanaka, H	2
Kang, SJ	1
Park, KH	1
Kee, SJ	1
Shin, JH	1
Jung, SI	1
Kwon, YS	1
Jang, HC	1
Cai, J	1
Wang, X	2
Zhao, B	1
Yao, W	1
Zhu, Q	1
Zeng, M	1
Ghosh, A	1
Moroz, YS	1
Korendovych, IV	1
Zanni, M	1
DeGrado, WF	2
Gai, F	1
Hochstrasser, RM	1
Król, E	1
Rychłowska, M	1
Szewczyk, B	1
Zaraket, H	10
Dapat, C	10
Ghanem, S	1
Ali, Z	1
Lteif, M	1
Kondo, H	1
Dapat, IC	5
Saito, K	1
Kayali, G	1
Suzuki, H	23
Dbaibo, G	1
Saito, R	20
Alves Galvão, MG	3
Rocha Crispino Santos, MA	3
Alves da Cunha, AJ	3
Gohil, DJ	1
Kothari, ST	1
Shinde, PS	1
Chintakrindi, AS	1
Meharunkar, R	1
Warke, RV	1
Kanyalkar, MA	1
Chowdhary, AS	1
Deshmukh, RA	1
Benschop, KS	1
van der Avoort, HG	1
Duizer, E	1
Koopmans, MP	1
Perera, HK	1
Peiris, JS	2
Chen, HL	1
Guan, Y	2
McKimm-Breschkin, JL	1
Fry, AM	2
Naguib, MM	1
Hagag, N	1
El-Sanousi, AA	1
Hussein, HA	1
Arafa, AS	1
Li, F	1
Hu, Y	2
Wang, Y	1
Delgado-Figueroa, N	1
Shahani, L	1
Ariza-Heredia, EJ	1
Chemaly, RF	1
Musharrafieh, R	1
Zhang, J	2
Smee, DF	1
Chidiac, C	1
Bauer, K	1
Ludwig, N	1
Wutzler, P	2
Nüesch, R	1
Sugrue, RJ	1
Tan, BH	1
Yeo, DS	1
Sutejo, R	1
Green, RJ	1
Feldman, C	1
Schoub, B	1
Richards, GA	1
Madhi, SA	1
Zar, HJ	1
Lalloo, U	1
Klugman, K	1
Phillips, D	1
Cameron, NA	1
Eggers, RR	1
Welton, NJ	1
Cooper, NJ	1
Ades, AE	1
Lu, G	1
Sutton, AJ	1
Reyes, F	3
Aziz, S	3
Winchester, B	3
Vaudry, W	1
Bettinger, J	1
Huston, P	3
King, A	2
Monto, AS	6
Le, MT	1
Wertheim, HF	1
Nguyen, HD	1
Taylor, W	1
Hoang, PV	1
Vuong, CD	1
Nguyen, HL	2
Nguyen, HH	1
Nguyen, TQ	1
Nguyen, TV	1
Van, TD	1
Ngoc, BT	1
Bui, TN	1
Nguyen, BG	1
Nguyen, LT	1
Luong, ST	1
Phan, PH	1
Pham, HV	1
Nguyen, T	2
Fox, A	1
Nguyen, CV	1
Do, HQ	1
Crusat, M	1
Farrar, J	1
Nguyen, HT	2
de Jong, MD	2
Horby, P	1
Higgins, RR	1
Eshaghi, A	1
Burton, L	1
Mazzulli, T	2
Drews, SJ	1
Smith, EJ	1
Furuse, Y	3
Suzuki, A	3
Kamigaki, T	1
Shimizu, M	3
Fuji, N	3
Oshitani, H	8
Deyde, VM	1
Bright, RA	1
Balish, A	1
Shu, B	1
Lindstrom, S	1
Klimov, AI	3
Gubareva, LV	1
Sato, I	5
Suzuki, Y	13
Li, D	6
Caperig-Dapat, I	5
Oguma, T	3
Sasaki, A	1
Taira, K	1
Nidaira, M	1
Okano, S	1
Tappenden, P	2
Jackson, R	1
Cooper, K	1
Rees, A	2
Simpson, E	1
Read, R	1
Nicholson, K	1
Oxford, JS	11
Cheng, PK	2
Leung, TW	2
Ho, EC	1
Leung, PC	2
Ng, AY	1
Lai, MY	1
Lim, WW	2
Yavarian, J	2
Mokhtari Azad, T	1
Shafiei Jandaghi, NZ	1
Nategh, R	1
Choi, WY	1
Kim, S	1
Lee, N	1
Kwon, M	1
Yang, I	1
Kim, MJ	2
Cheong, SG	1
Kwon, D	1
Lee, JY	1
Oh, HB	1
Kang, C	2
Trémolières, F	1
Kyaw, Y	3
Naito, M	3
Hasegawa, G	3
Cho, TM	1
Baranovich, T	5
Bai, GR	1
Chittaganpitch, M	1
Kanai, Y	1
Li, YG	1
Auwanit, W	1
Ikuta, K	1
Sawanpanyalert, P	2
Kishi, M	2
Sawayama, R	2
Saito, M	1
Nukiwa, N	2
Nayak, JL	1
Treanor, JJ	1
To, AP	1
Lee, CW	1
Correia, V	1
de Andrade, HR	1
Santos, LA	1
Lackenby, A	1
Zambon, M	1
Myint, YY	2
Lin, N	1
Oo, HN	2
Oo, KY	2
Win, N	1
Nishikawa, M	2
Saito, T	2
Greer, LG	1
Sheffield, JS	1
Rogers, VL	1
Roberts, SW	1
McIntire, DD	1
Wendel, GD	1
Ujike, M	1
Shimabukuro, K	1
Mochizuki, K	1
Obuchi, M	1
Kageyama, T	1
Shirakura, M	1
Kishida, N	1
Yamashita, K	1
Horikawa, H	1
Kato, Y	1
Fujita, N	1
Tashiro, M	2
Odagiri, T	2
Wakim, R	1
Tabet, C	1
Medlej, F	1
Reda, M	1
Dbaibo, GS	1
Shabana, II	1
Astrahan, P	1
Arkin, IT	1
Madsen, L	1
Nielsen, A	1
Lundgren, J	1
Azad, TM	1
Zheng, X	1
Gregory, V	2
Lin, YP	2
Hay, A	2
Hatakeyama, S	1
Watanabe, A	3
Yoshioka, D	1
Tokimatsu, I	2
Ishii, H	1
Kadota, J	1
Jackson, RJ	1
Cooper, KL	1
Simpson, EL	1
Read, RC	1
Nicholson, KG	5
Ruiz-Carrascoso, G	1
Casas, I	1
Pozo, F	1
González-Vincent, M	1
Pérez-Breña, P	1
Salter, A	1
Ni Laoi, B	1
Crowley, B	1
Finkel, B	1
Goodman, C	1
Melamed, Y	1
Kurs, R	1
Bleich, A	1
Zhang, Q	1
Zhao, QJ	1
Xiong, RS	1
Li, JF	1
Shen, JS	1
Miyachi, K	2
Iida, H	1
Hattori, H	1
Ukai, H	1
Takano, T	1
Hankins, RW	1
Kon, M	1
Tamura, T	1
Yamazaki, O	1
Fujisaki, S	1
Adamson, AL	1
Chohan, K	1
Swenson, J	1
LaJeunesse, D	1
Razonable, RR	1
Kim, WY	1
Young Suh, G	1
Huh, JW	1
Kim, SH	1
Kim, YS	1
Kim, HR	1
Ryu, YJ	1
Han, MS	1
Ko, YG	1
Chon, GR	1
Lee, KH	1
Choi, SH	1
Hong, SB	1
Doshi, S	1
Kamimoto, L	1
Finelli, L	1
Perez, A	1
Reingold, A	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Double-Blind Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Combination Antivirals (Amantadine, Ribavirin, Oseltamivir) Versus Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Influenza in Adults at Risk for Complications[NCT01227967]	Phase 2	881 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Phase 1, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Orally-Administered Oseltamivir and Intravenous Zanamivir in Healthy Thai Adult Subjects[NCT00921726]	Phase 1	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Amantadine for Neuroenhancement in Acute Patients Study - A Prospective Pilot Proof of Concept Phase IIb Study in Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit Patients[NCT05479032]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Pilot, Randomized Study Comparing the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Combination Therapy (Amantadine, Ribavirin, Oseltamivir) Versus Neuraminidase Inhibitor Monotherapy to Influenza Virus Infected Immunocompromised Patients[NCT00867139]	Phase 1/Phase 2	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Antiviral Treatment in Adults and Children With Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Respiratory Tract Infection - a Clinical, Virological and Pharmacokinetic Study.[NCT00985582]		181 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-09-30	Completed
Amantadine for COVID-19: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-blinded, Clinical Trial[NCT04894617]	Phase 3	226 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Recruiting
Oseltamivir Treatment in Children Under One Year of Age With Moderate or Severe Influenza Lower Respiratory Tract Infection - a Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study[NCT01037634]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Withdrawn
Application of LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Disease in Children Infected With Influenza Virus[NCT05378022]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-21	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity, Safety, and Tolerability of MF59-Adjuvanted Versus Non-Adjuvanted Vaccines Against Novel H1N1 Virus in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection[NCT01032408]	Phase 3	154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Utility of Amantadine Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Irritability: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT00627250]		76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
Urinary Excretion of Acetylamantadine by Cancer Patients[NCT02277938]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2013-08-31	Recruiting
Open-Label Safety Study of ADS-5102 (Amantadine HCl) Extended Release Capsules for the Treatment of Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia (LID)[NCT02202551]	Phase 3	223 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	participants (Number)
Combination Therapy	0
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	1

The percentage of participants hospitalized by 28 days was estimated from the Kaplan-Meier curves. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Percentage of Participants Who Required New or Increased Use of Supplemental Oxygen

Intervention	percentage of participants analyzed (Number)
Combination Therapy	4.28
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	0.98

Percentage of participants who required new or increased use of supplemental oxygen (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Percentage of Participants With Clinical Failure at Day 5

Intervention	percentage of participants analyzed (Number)
Combination Therapy	1.91
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	1.6

Clinical failure at Day 5 is defined as the need for continued (non-study) antiviral use after Day 5. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Percentage of Participants With Virus Detectable by Quantitative PCR (qPCR) in Nasopharyngeal (NP) Swabs

Intervention	percentage of participants analyzed (Number)
Combination Therapy	7.0
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	7.7

The central laboratory performed a qualitative PCR test on the NP sample from Day 0 in order to confirm influenza infection and to determine the influenza type and subtype. For participants with a positive influenza test result at Day 0 from this qualitative PCR testing, the laboratory then performed qPCR testing of subsequent samples to quantify viral shedding. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: At Day 3

Time to Absence of Fever

Intervention	percentage of participants analyzed (Number)
Combination Therapy	40
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	50

Fever was considered present based on the diary cards if a subject reported a maximal temperature ≥38.0°C (for the period since the diary card was previously completed) or reported having taken an antipyretic drug (also for the period since the diary card was previously completed). Otherwise, fever was considered not present during the period since the diary card was previously completed, except that the evaluation was considered missing if either the temperature or the antipyretic drug use entry was not completed on the diary card. The duration of fever was defined as the time from Day 0 to the first of two successive assessments (through to Day 7) or to the first assessment (Day 8 onwards) at which no fever was present according to this definition.For participants who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with fever evaluated. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Time to Alleviation of Influenza Clinical Symptoms.

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	0.5
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	0.5

The assessed symptoms were cough, nasal obstruction (stuffy nose), sore throat, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, feverishness, rhinorrhea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Duration of clinical symptoms is defined as the time from Day 0 to the first of two successive measurements at which all clinical symptoms are grade 0 (absent) or 1 (mild). A measurement is considered to be the 8AM or 8PM assessment during Days 0 to 7 (so two measurements are obtained per day) and then the daily assessment thereafter. Time will then be calculated in half-days through to Day 7. If a subject's first two assessments on (baseline assessment and first subsequent diary card assessment) satisfy this criterion, then the duration will be set to zero. For participants who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with symptoms evaluated. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Time to Feeling as Good as Before the Onset of the Influenza Illness

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	4.5
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	4.0

Time to feeling as good as before influenza is defined as time to the first of two successive 'yes' responses to the question of 'feeling as good as you did before you had the flu'.For participants who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with question answered. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Time to Resolution of All Symptoms AND Fever

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	7.5
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	6.5

The assessed symptoms were cough, nasal obstruction (stuffy nose), sore throat, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, feverishness, rhinorrhea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Fever was considered present based on the diary cards if a subject reported a maximal temperature ≥38.0°C (for the period since the diary card was previously completed) or reported having taken an antipyretic drug (also for the period since the diary card was previously completed). Time to resolution of all clinical symptoms and fever is defined as the time from Day 0 to the first of two successive measurements at which all clinical symptoms are grade 0 (absent) or 1(mild) and no fever >=38.0 C or antipyretic drug is reported. For participants who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with symptoms and fever evaluated. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Time to Return of Physical Function to Pre-illness Leve

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	4.5
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	4.5

Time to return of physical function to pre-illness level was defined as the time from Day 0 to the first of two successive measurements at which the physical function score equals or is better than the pre-illness score (obtained by recall at enrollment).For subjects who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with physical function evaluated. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Time to Return to Pre-influenza Function

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	7.0
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	6.0

Time to return to pre-influenza function is defined as the time from Day 0 to the first of two successive 'Yes' answers to the global assessment question 'Are you functioning as well as you were before you had the flu'.For participants who did not have two successive records meeting this criterion, follow-up was censored for analysis purposes at the time of the last but one diary card record with question answered. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

Percentage of Participants Who Develop Bronchitis, Pneumonia, or Other Complications of Influenza After Day 0.

Intervention	Days (Median)
Combination Therapy	7.0
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	6.0

Participants were assessed for the signs/symptoms suggestive of one of the following complications: Sinusitis, Otitis Media ,Bronchitis / Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia and antibiotic use for reason other than above. (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: From treatment initiation to Day 28

qPCR Viral Shedding

Intervention	percentage of participants analyzed (Number)
	Sinustis	Otitis Media	Bronchitis Bronchiolitis	Pneumonia	Antibiotic use for other reasons	At least one complication and/or use of antibiotic
Combination Therapy	4.5	0.3	5.7	2.2	8.6	16.6
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	4.5	1.0	3.5	1.9	9.3	15.4

Median, 25% and 75% percentile of the value of viral shedding (Results = LOD, NCT01227967)
Timeframe: At Day 0, 3 and 7

Number of Participants by Virus Detection Status

Intervention	Log10 copies/mL (Median)
	Day 0	Day 3	Day 7
Combination Therapy	6.4	3.4	3.2
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	6.7	3.9	3.2

Number of participants who had undetectable values (less than the limit of detection [LOD]), who had values between the LOD and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and who had values ≥LLOQ (NCT01227967)
Timeframe: At Day 0, 3 and 7.

Days on Supplemental Oxygen

Duration of Hospitalization

Duration of Symptoms

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Day 072298058	Day 072298059	Day 372298059	Day 372298058	Day 772298058	Day 772298059
	>=LOD,		Missing	>=LLOQ
Combination Therapy	221
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	200
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	9
Combination Therapy	5
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	15
Combination Therapy	0
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	0
Combination Therapy	65
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	87
Combination Therapy	22
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	25
Combination Therapy	134
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	104
Combination Therapy	9
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	8
Combination Therapy	19
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	24
Combination Therapy	4
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	7
Combination Therapy	193
Oseltamivir Monotherapy	184
Combination Therapy	14

Intervention	days (Mean)
TCAD	2
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-labeled TCAD	0

Intervention	days (Mean)
TCAD	6
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	6
Open-labeled TCAD	1

"Calculated as the number of days (mean) any persistent symptom lasted per patient as listed below.~overall health, short of breath, chills, cough, diarrhea, ear pain, fatigue, fever, headache, hoarseness, muscle ache, phlegm, runny nose, sinus congestion, sneezing, sore throat, watery eyes, wheezing" (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: from baseline up to 28 days

Frequency of Confirmed Pneumonia

Number of Deaths

Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), Drug Specific AEs or AEs Resulting in Treatment Interruption

Intervention	days (Mean)
TCAD	4.5
Neuraminidase Inhibitor Monotherapy	1
Open-label TCAD	4.7

Intervention	participants (Number)
TCAD	0
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-labeled TCAD	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
TCAD	0
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-labeled TCAD	0

"Abnormal lab data or newly appeared symptoms & signs were considered as AEs.~Examined lab data:~Blood cell count (WBC, differential count, Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), platelets), Chemistry (Cl, bicarbonate (HCO3), K, Na), Renal function test (BUN, Creatinine, Creatinine clearance), Liver function test (AST, Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), T.Bil, gamma-glutamyltransferase)" (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: 30 days after the final dose of study drug

Number of Participants With ICU Admissions

Intervention	number of participants with AEs (Number)
TCAD	1
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	1
Open-labeled TCAD	1

The number of participants with ICU admissions was evaluated. (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: baseline and up to 58 days

Number of Participants With Intubations

Number of Participants With Viral Load Decrease as a Function of Time

Intervention	participants (Number)
TCAD	0
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-labeled TCAD	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
TCAD	0
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-labeled TCAD	1

Viral loads were measured by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 20 and 28, if applicable. (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: baseline and 28 days

Number of Participants With Viral Resistance as a Function of Drug Exposure

Intervention	number of participants (Number)
Neuraminidase Inhibitor Monotherapy	0
Open-label TCAD	2

Viral resistance was assessed within 28 days after drug administration by detecting resistance-conferring mutation genes and compared to the value at baseline. (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: 28 days

Pharmacokinetics (AUC0-last) of TCAD

Intervention	Number of participants (Number)
TCAD	0
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	1
Open-labeled TCAD	0

Only 5 patients had partial pharmacokinetic (PK) data available. Plasma concentration of oseltamivir was measured at several time points in one patient receiving neuraminidase inhibitor monotherapy. Plasma concentration of oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin were measured at several time points in four patients receiving TCAD therapy. Area under the time-concentration curve up to the last measured time point (AUC0-last) was calculated from the plasma concentration-time profiles by non-compartmental analysis. (NCT00867139)
Timeframe: 5 days

Number of Patients Not Shedding Virus at Day 5 +/-1 and Day 10 +/- 1

Change From Baseline in Movement Disorder's Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) (Parts I-III Combined Scores)

Intervention	ng*hr/mL (Mean)
TCAD	304
Neuraminidase Inhibitor Monotherapy	1497
Open-lable TCAD	2487

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Day 5 +/-1	Day 10 +/- 1
Neuraminidase Inihibitor Monotherapy	0	0
Open-labeled TCAD	0	1

"To evaluate clinical progression of PD as assessed by the MDS-UPDRS, combined score, Parts I, II, and III.~Part I - non-motor experiences of daily living; Part II - motor experiences of daily living; Part III - motor examination. Parts I and II each contain 13 questions measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). Part III contains 18 objective rater assessments of the motor signs of PD measured on a 5-point scale (0-4).~Total range for combined score (Part I-III) is = 0-176. Generally for MDS-UPDRS scores and sub-scores, the lower the score, the better.~Parts I, II, and III are summed to make the total score." (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: Up to 101 weeks. MDS-UPDRS was performed at the following visits: Screening, Week 8, Week 16, Week 28, Week 40, Week 52, Week 64, Week 76, Week 88, Week 100 (or ET).

Change From Baseline in Movement Disorder's Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale MDS-UPDRS (Part IV - Motor Complications)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 8	Change from Baseline at Week 16	Change from Baseline at Week 28	Change from Baseline at Week 40	Change from Baseline at Week 52	Change from Baseline at Week 64	Change from Baseline at Week 76	Change from Baseline at Week 88	Change from Baseline at Week 100
ADS-5102 1A	41.8	1.2	1.6	4.8	7.5	13.2	8.8	11.7	11.3	11.4
ADS-5102 Group 1P	45.6	-2.8	-1.4	1.5	-0.4	2.6	2.6	7.3	3.7	3.7
ADS-5102 Group 2	52.8	0.8	5.7	6.5	1.6	6.1	6.1	9.4	6.4	6.5
ADS-5102 Group 3	52.4	-5.3	-5.2	-5.3	-4.8	-4.6	-4.6	-4.9	0.9	4.1

"This component (Questions 4.1 - 4.6) includes time spent with dyskinesia, functional impact of dyskinesia, time spent in OFF state, functional impact of fluctuations, complexity of motor fluctuations, painful OFF-state dystonia. Questions 4.1-4.6 are summed to make the Part IV score.~Generally for MDS-UPDRS scores and sub-scores, the lower the score, the better. Total range for Part IV is = 0-24" (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: 100 Weeks. MDS-UPDRS was performed at the following visits: Screening, Week 8, Week 16, Week 28, Week 40, Week 52, Week 64, Week 76, Week 88, Week 100 (or ET).

Number of Participants With Reported AEs and Safety-Related Study Drug Discontinuations

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change in Baseline from Week 8	Change in Baseline from Week 16	Change from Baseline at Week 28	Change from Baseline at Week 40	Change from Baseline at Week 52	Change from Baseline at Week 64	Change from Baseline at Week 76	Change from Baseline at Week 88	Change from Baseline at Week 100
Group 1a	6.5	-0.2	-0.8	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.4
Group 1P	9.6	-3.4	-3.2	-3.3	-2.8	-2.9	-3.3	-2.9	-2.8	-2.4
Group 2	9.8	-3.6	-1.1	-1.4	-2.9	-2.5	-1.9	-2.7	-3.7	-3.6
Group 3	10.4	-4.0	-3.9	-4.4	-4.7	-3.6	-2.5	-3.7	-4.3	-3.6

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ADS-5102 oral capsules, an extended release (ER) formulation of amantadine, administered at a dose of 340 mg once daily at bedtime for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: Up to 101 weeks

Article	Year
Prevalence of human influenza virus in Iran: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial pathogenesis, 2018, Volume: 115 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; Humans; Incidence; Influenza A Virus,	2018
Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Mar-28, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Influenza, Human; Phytotherapy; Randomi	2013
Antivirals--current trends in fighting influenza. Acta biochimica Polonica, 2014, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Human	2014
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Nov-21, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza A Virus,	2014
Antivirals against enteroviruses: a critical review from a public-health perspective. Antiviral therapy, 2015, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Viral;	2015
Antiviral therapy for respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Coronavirus Infections; Cyclopentanes; Guanidines;	2017
[Influenza]. La Revue du praticien, 2008, Feb-29, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Child; Ch	2008
[Antiviral treatment of influenza in humans]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 2007, Volume: 64, Issue:11 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance,	2007
Antiviral drugs for the control of pandemic influenza virus. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 2008, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Influenza A	2008
Influenza guideline for South Africa--update 2008. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2008, Volume: 98, Issue:3 Pt 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Contraindications; Humans;	2008
Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir for the prophylaxis of influenza (including a review of existing guidance no. 67): a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:11 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Influenza, Human; Models, Economic; Ose	2009
Antivirals for the treatment and prevention of epidemic and pandemic influenza. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2007, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chemoprevention; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; In	2007
Antiviral treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus in children. Pediatric annals, 2009, Volume: 38, Issue:12 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chemoprevention; Child; Child, Preschool; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; I	2009
Resistance characteristics of influenza to amino-adamantyls. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2011, Volume: 1808, Issue:2 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Amino Acid Sequence; Drug Resistance, Viral; Genes, Viral; Hemagglutinin Gly	2011
[Drug-resistant influenza viruses: an overview]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:9 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Viral; Enzyme Inhibitors;	2010
[Present and future in development of new anti-influenza drugs]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:9 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans;	2010
[Current anti-influenza virus chemotherapy]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:9 Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cyclopentanes; Drug Resistance, Viral; Drug Utiliz	2010
Oseltamivir, zanamivir and amantadine in the prevention of influenza: a systematic review. The Journal of infection, 2011, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Neura	2011
[Research progress of anti-influenza virus agents]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2010, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cyclopentanes; Guanidines; Humans; Indoles; Influe	2010
Antiviral drugs for viruses other than human immunodeficiency virus. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2011, Volume: 86, Issue:10 Topics: Acyclovir; Adenine; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Comorbidity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Foscarnet;	2011
Antiviral drugs for influenza. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 2012, Jan-09, Volume: 54, Issue:1381 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Female; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ne	2012
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Jan-18, Volume: 1 Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza A Virus,	2012
Antivirals for treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Annals of internal medicine, 2012, Apr-03, Volume: 156, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Confounding Factors,	2012
Amantadine: the journey from fighting flu to treating Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2012, Apr-03, Volume: 78, Issue:14 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Parkinson Dis	2012
Antiviral therapy for influenza virus infections. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetamides; Age Factors; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Global Healt	2002
Antiviral therapy of influenza. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; C	2002
Influenza-associated encephalopathy in Japan. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Brain Diseases; Child; Coma; Fever; Humans; Incidence; Influenza A vir	2002
Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2002, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Influenza A virus;	2002
Nosocomial transmission of influenza. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England), 2002, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cross Infection; Health Personnel; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; I	2002
The management of influenza in people of working age. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England), 2002, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Acetamides; Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Guanidines; Huma	2002
Influenza. Clinical evidence, 2002, Issue:7 Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; C	2002
Antivirals for influenza: what is their role in the older patient? Drugs & aging, 2002, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Acetamides; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Guanidines; Humans; Influenz	2002
[Influenza virus]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60, Issue:11 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Infection Control; Influen	2002
Reduction of the influenza burden in children. Pediatrics, 2002, Volume: 110, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Child; Comorbidity; Cost of Illness; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female;	2002
The treatment of influenza with antiviral drugs. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2003, Jan-07, Volume: 168, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infl	2003
Influenza diagnosis and treatment in children: a review of studies on clinically useful tests and antiviral treatment for influenza. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Adolescent; Age Distribution; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Centers for Disease Control	2003
Influenza. Clinical evidence, 2002, Issue:8 Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; C	2002
Treatment of epidemic and pandemic influenza with neuraminidase and M2 proton channel inhibitors. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Endemic Disea	2003
[Influenza]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Hu	2003
[Antiviral agents for influenza]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetamides; Age Factors; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Guanidines; Humans; I	2003
Review of the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for prophylaxis of influenza. Communicable disease and public health, 2003, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Health Planning; Humans; In	2003
Emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses: epidemiological study. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Amino Acid Substitution; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; DNA, Viral; Drug Resistanc	2003
Influenza therapy. Southern medical journal, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:8 Topics: Acetamides; Adult; Age Factors; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Creatine	2003
A case for rimantadine to be marketed in Canada for prophylaxis of influenza A virus infection. Canadian respiratory journal, 2003, Volume: 10, Issue:7 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Canada; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Drug Administration Schedule	2003
[Influenza and other viral respiratory infections]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Common Cold; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidas	2003
[Clinical characteristic of the elderly in influenza infection]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chromatography; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Huma	2003
[Amantadine]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; Influe	2003
[Criteria for the use of anti-influenza agents]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza A virus;	2003
Neuraminidase inhibitors in patients with underlying airways disease. American journal of respiratory medicine : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2002, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Comorbidity; Guanidines; Humans;	2002
Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Influenza A virus;	2004
What is the best antiviral agent for influenza infection? American family physician, 2004, Oct-01, Volume: 70, Issue:7 Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Contraindications; Evi	2004
Influenza. Clinical evidence, 2003, Issue:10 Topics: Acetamides; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza B	2003
Pandemic influenza: is an antiviral response realistic? The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2004, Volume: 23, Issue:11 Suppl Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disaster Planning; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Viral; Health S	2004
[Super pathogenic avian influenza]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2004, Nov-10, Volume: 93, Issue:11 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Chickens; Disease Outbreaks; Guanidines; Humans;	2004
Influenza. Clinical evidence, 2004, Issue:12 Topics: Acetamides; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza B	2004
[Anti-virals for influenza virus infection]. Uirusu, 2005, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Drug Utilization; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines;	2005
Combating influenza with antiviral therapy in the pediatric population. Pharmacotherapy, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance, Viral; Enzyme Inhibi	2006
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2006, Apr-19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Emergencies; Humans; Influe	2006
[Antiviral therapy: from influenza to Pfeiffer's disease]. Der Internist, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:12 Topics: Amantadine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Hepatitis, Viral, Human;	2006
[Diagnosis and Treatment of influenza--clinical investigation on viral shedding in children with influenza]. Uirusu, 2006, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, H	2006
Antivirals in the management of an influenza pandemic. The Medical journal of Australia, 2006, 11-20, Volume: 185, Issue:S10 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Australia; Community-Acquired Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resi	2006
Which agents should we use to treat and prevent influenza in 2006-2007? Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2006, Volume: 73, Issue:11 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Oselt	2006
Antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for influenza in children. Pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2007
Antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for influenza in children. Pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2007
Antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for influenza in children. Pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2007
Antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for influenza in children. Pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2007
[Antiviral agents for influenza]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2007, Feb-28, Volume: 65 Suppl 2 Pt. 1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Oselt	2007
Influenza: evolving strategies in treatment and prevention. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Child, Prescho	2007
Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Oct-17, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Influenza, Human; Phytotherapy; Randomi	2007
Occasional review: influenza in COPD: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2007, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Oseltamivir; Pulmonary D	2007
[Adverse effects of antiviral agents]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2007, Oct-28, Volume: 65 Suppl 8 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Herpes Simplex	2007
Influenza viruses: basic biology and potential drug targets. Infectious disorders drug targets, 2007, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza,	2007
Influenza virus transmission: basic science and implications for the use of antiviral drugs during a pandemic. Infectious disorders drug targets, 2007, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Ferrets; Humans; Influenza Vac	2007
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008, Jan-23, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Randomized C	2008
Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 2009, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Birds; Cloning, Molecular; Genetic Vectors; Hemagglutinin Gly	2009
Antiviral therapy. Respiratory infections, genital herpes, and herpetic keratitis. Lancet (London, England), 1984, Sep-15, Volume: 2, Issue:8403 Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Humans; Idoxuridine	1984
An assessment of antiviral drugs for the management of infectious diseases in humans. Antiviral research, 1981, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Dosage Forms; Drug Evaluation; Encephalitis; Hepatitis;	1981
Antiviral drugs 1983. The Medical clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpes	1983
Viral pneumonias. The Medical clinics of North America, 1980, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Adenovirus Infections, Human; Adult; Amantadine; Chickenpox; Child; Common Cold; Enterovirus Infecti	1980
Therapy of viral infections. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1982, Volume: 58, Issue:8 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Idoxuridine; Influenza, H	1982
Antiviral drugs today. The New Zealand medical journal, 1984, Dec-12, Volume: 97, Issue:769 Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Child; Cli	1984
Drug therapy: antiviral agents (first of two parts). The New England journal of medicine, 1980, Apr-17, Volume: 302, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Encephalitis; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; I	1980
Rimantadine: a clinical perspective. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1995, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Absorption; Amantadine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Comb	1995
Control of influenza outbreaks in the nursing home: guidelines for diagnosis and management. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1995, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Disease Outbreaks; Guidelines as Topic; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Influenza, Hum	1995
Amantadine and rimantadine prophylaxis of influenza A in nursing homes. A tolerability perspective. Drugs & aging, 1994, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Nursing Homes; Ri	1994
Using antiviral agents to control outbreaks of influenza A infection. Geriatrics, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Disease Outbreaks; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccin	1994
Viral respiratory infections in the community: epidemiology, agents, and interventions. The American journal of medicine, 1995, Dec-29, Volume: 99, Issue:6B Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans;	1995
Use of antivirals in influenza in the elderly: prophylaxis and therapy. Gerontology, 1996, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae; R	1996
Antivirals for pandemic influenza. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1997, Volume: 176 Suppl 1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Ribavirin; Rimantadine	1997
Influenza, influenza vaccine, and amantadine/rimantadine. The Journal of family practice, 1997, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Contraindications; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Riman	1997
[Preparing for the next pandemic influenza: vaccine and antivirals]. Uirusu, 1997, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbr	1997
[Current status of research and development for anti-influenza virus drugs--chemotherapy for influenza]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55, Issue:10 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Quinolizines; Rimantadine	1997
Update on emerging infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza: ED considerations for the 1997-98 season. Annals of emergency medicine, 1997, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Emergency Medicine; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Rima	1997
Flu prevention and management. Strategies for the elderly. Advance for nurse practitioners, 1997, Volume: 5, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Nurse Practitioner	1997
Strategies for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia. Seminars in respiratory infections, 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Community-Acquired Infections; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza,	1998
A rational strategy for influenza. The Practitioner, 1997, Volume: 241, Issue:1578 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human	1997
Underused options for preventing and treating influenza. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 1999, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration	1999
[Prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory infections caused by influenza virus types A and B]. Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia, 1999, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; O	1999
An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS). National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Statement on influenza vaccination for the 1998-1999 season. Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 24 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Canada; Child; Child, Preschool;	1998
Prevention and early treatment of influenza in healthy adults. Vaccine, 2000, Jan-06, Volume: 18, Issue:11-12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Guanidines; Humans; Influenz	2000
Measures for control of influenza. PharmacoEconomics, 1999, Volume: 16 Suppl 1 Topics: Amantadine; Amines; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza A virus; Infl	1999
Cochrane reviews and systematic reviews of economic evaluations. Amantadine and rimantadine in the prevention and treatment of influenza. PharmacoEconomics, 1999, Volume: 16 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cost of Illness; Humans; Influenza, Human; Rimantadine; United	1999
Antiviral agents for treating influenza. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2000, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Guanidines; Humans; Influenz	2000
Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Influenza A virus;	2000
Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuram	2000
Vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus infections. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 2000, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Vaccines	2000
Prevention and treatment of influenza in immunocompromised patients. The American journal of medicine, 1997, Mar-17, Volume: 102, Issue:3A Topics: Aerosols; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Bone Marrow Transplan	1997
Influenza virus genetics. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2000, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mutation; Neuraminidase; Orthomyxoviridae;	2000
Updated treatment for influenza A and B. American family physician, 2000, Dec-01, Volume: 62, Issue:11 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; H	2000
[Influenza]. Recenti progressi in medicina, 2000, Volume: 91, Issue:12 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Guanidines; History, 18th Century; Hist	2000
Interventions to prevent pneumonia among older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2001, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Gastroesophag	2001
[Antiinfluenza-drugs and the standard of the use]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:11 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidines; Humans; Influenza, Human; N	2000
[Anti-influenza A viral drug--amantadine]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child, Preschool; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human	2000
Managing influenza: amantadine, rimantadine and beyond. International journal of clinical practice, 2001, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Guanidines; Humans;	2001
Amantadine and rimantadine for preventing and treating influenza A in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Influenza A virus;	2001
Adverse cutaneous reactions to influenza vaccinations and chemotherapy. International journal of dermatology, 2001, Volume: 40, Issue:7 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Eruptions; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reac	2001
Perspectives on antiviral use during pandemic influenza. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2001, Dec-29, Volume: 356, Issue:1416 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chemoprevention; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multi	2001
[Influenza]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59 Suppl 7 Topics: Age Factors; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Databases, Factual; Disease Outbreaks; Encephalitis, Vira	2001
Anti-influenza therapies. Virus research, 2002, Jan-30, Volume: 82, Issue:1-2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Rimantadine	2002
Influenza in the acute hospital setting. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Guanidines; Hospitals;	2002
[Emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses]. Uirusu, 2001, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Drug Resistance, Viral; Humans; Influenza A virus; I	2001
Antivirals with clinical potential. Advances in internal medicine, 1979, Volume: 24 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cytarabine; Herpes Labialis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Idoxurid	1979
Antiviral agents: action and clinical use. Drugs, 1979, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Cytarabine; Humans; Idoxuridine; Influenza, Human; Inos	1979
Current status of antiviral chemotherapy. Southern medical journal, 1978, Volume: 71, Issue:9 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cytarabine; Encephalitis; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Herpesviridae	1978
Developmental aspects of selected antiviral chemotherapeutic agents. Annual review of microbiology, 1978, Volume: 32 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Arabinonucleosides; DNA, Viral; Drug Evaluation; Herpesviridae Infecti	1978
[Present state of antiviral therapy (author's transl)]. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1979, Volume: 127, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Cytarabine; Encephalitis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Idoxuridine;	1979
Amantadine: does it have a role in the prevention and treatment of influenza? Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, October 15-16, 1979. National Institutes of Health consensus development conference summaries, 1979, Volume: 2 Topics: Amantadine; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Unit	1979
Influenza and influenza immunization. Arizona medicine, 1976, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies, Viral; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Hemagg	1976
Specific inhibitors of influenza virus replication as potential chemoprophylactic agents. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1975, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Drug Resistance, Mi	1975
Implications of viral resistance to amantadine in control of influenza A. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Influenza, Human; Rimantadine	1992
Prevention and control of influenza A outbreaks in long-term care facilities. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 1992, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Long	1992
Emergence and transmission of influenza A viruses resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 1992, Volume: 176 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Rimant	1992
Amantadine hydrochloride: current and new uses. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1990, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Amantadine; Humans; Influenza, Human; Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson Disease	1990
Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. The New England journal of medicine, 1990, Feb-15, Volume: 322, Issue:7 Topics: Amantadine; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Rimantadine	1990
Clinical applications of antiviral agents for chemophrophylaxis and therapy of respiratory viral infections. Antiviral research, 1985, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infl	1985
Chemotherapy of respiratory viruses. Advances in internal medicine, 1986, Volume: 31 Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Benzimidazoles; Child; Clinical Trials as T	1986
Respiratory pharmacology. Antiviral agents. Clinics in chest medicine, 1986, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Ganciclovir; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Influenza, H	1986
Nosocomial viral respiratory infections. Seminars in respiratory infections, 1989, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Infant; Influ	1989
Amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention of influenza A. Seminars in respiratory infections, 1989, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Child; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human	1989
Basic biochemical and pharmacological aspects of antiviral agents. Antiviral research, 1985, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry;	1985
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amantadine; Drug Interactions; Humans	1988
Rimantadine hydrochloride and amantadine hydrochloride use in influenza A virus infections. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 1987, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Rimantadine	1987
Clinical considerations in the diagnosis of viral respiratory infections. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 1986, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Suppl Topics: Amantadine; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Viral; Cross Infection; Humans; Influenza A virus; Inf	1986
Influenza--recent developments in prophylaxis and treatment. British medical bulletin, 1985, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Administration, Oral; Aerosols; Amantadine; Humans; Influenza, Hu	1985
Therapy of viral, mycoplasmal and rickettsial infections. Wisconsin medical journal, 1971, Volume: 70, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Erythromycin;	1971
The evaluation of antiviral drugs in volunteers. Progress in medical virology. Fortschritte der medizinischen Virusforschung. Progres en virologie medicale, 1968, Volume: 10 Topics: Amantadine; Antibodies; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Echovirus Infections; Ethics, Me	1968
Antiviral agents. Progress in medicinal chemistry, 1971, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Acrylates; Amantadine; Amidines; Amino Acids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Benz	1971
Approaches to antiviral chemotherapy. The American journal of medicine, 1971, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Benzimidazoles; Culture Techniques; Cytarabine; DNA Nucleotid	1971
Advances in the treatment of virus diseases. The Practitioner, 1971, Volume: 207, Issue:240 Topics: Amantadine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Binding Sites; Gastroenteritis; Herpesviridae I	1971
Antiviral drugs in human therapy. Acta microbiologica Polonica. Series A: Microbiologia generalis, 1973, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Antiviral Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemist	1973
Antiviral chemotherapy. Annual review of medicine, 1974, Volume: 25 Topics: Adenine; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Arabinose; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Herpesviri	1974
World health news. Influenza prophylaxis with amantadine. Israel journal of medical sciences, 1972, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Amantadine; Antibody Formation; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; C	1972
Antiviral chemotherapy: the first decade. British medical journal, 1973, Aug-04, Volume: 3, Issue:5874 Topics: Acute Disease; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Chronic Disease; Cytarabine; Herpes Simplex	1973
Natural history of influenza type A in the United States, 1957-1972. Progress in medical virology. Fortschritte der medizinischen Virusforschung. Progres en virologie medicale, 1974, Volume: 17, Issue:0 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amantadine; Antigens, Viral; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease	1974
The present and future of specific prophylaxis of influenza and other acute viral respiratory diseases. The American review of respiratory disease, 1974, Volume: 110, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antigens, Viral; Antiviral Agents; Bridged-Ring Compounds	1974
[Chemotherapy for influenza]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1967, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Biguanides; Humans; Influenza, Human; Piperazines; Sulfonamid	1967
[Management of virus diseases with anti-viral agents--with special reference to amantadine]. Saishin igaku. Modern medicine, 1968, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Culture Techniques; Humans; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae	1968
[Therapy of influenza, with special reference to antiviral agents]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1968, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Biguanides; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mice	1968
[Epidemic of Hong-Kong A2 influenza in Yugoslavia]. Lijecnicki vjesnik, 1969, Volume: 91, Issue:12 Topics: Amantadine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza Vaccines;	1969
Influenza: consideration of pandemics. Advances in internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 15 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Asia; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Europe; Femal	1969
Control of influenza: lack of knowledge versus lack of application of knowledge. Archives of environmental health, 1970, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Child; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxo	1970
[Use of amantadine in the prevention and treatment of influenza (review of the literature)]. Voprosy okhrany materinstva i detstva, 1971, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Chick Embryo; Child; Cycloparaffins; Depression; Female; Hem	1971
Antiviral chemotherapy. Modern trends in medical virology, 1967, Volume: 1, Issue:0 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Benzimidazoles; Child, Preschool; Common Cold; Female;	1967

Article	Year
Oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin combination antiviral therapy versus oseltamivir monotherapy for the treatment of influenza: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:12 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Argentina; Australia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination;	2017
Combination therapy with amantadine, oseltamivir and ribavirin for influenza A infection: safety and pharmacokinetics. Antiviral therapy, 2013, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Drug Resistance, Viral; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunocompromi	2013
An amantadine hydrochloride dosing program adjusted for renal function during an influenza outbreak in elderly institutionalized patients. The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique, 2003,Fall, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Influenza,	2003
[The study on efficacy of oseltamivir for influenza A in children]. Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, 2003, Volume: 77, Issue:11 Topics: Acetamides; Amantadine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antiviral Agents; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans	2003
Ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza. Lancet (London, England), 1981, Oct-31, Volume: 2, Issue:8253 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aerosols; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Huma	1981
Influenza A prophylaxis with amantadine in a boarding school. Lancet (London, England), 1984, Mar-03, Volume: 1, Issue:8375 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza A virus; I	1984
Antiviral drugs 1983. The Medical clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpes	1983
Antiviral drugs today. The New Zealand medical journal, 1984, Dec-12, Volume: 97, Issue:769 Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Child; Cli	1984
Reduction in fever and symptoms in young adults with influenza A/Brazil/78 H1N1 infection after treatment with aspirin or amantadine. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1983, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Aspirin; Female; Fever; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza A Virus,	1983
Evaluation of amantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: a controlled field trial among young adults and high-risk patients. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1980, Volume: 142, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Amantadine; Antibodies, Viral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Doub	1980
Successful treatment of naturally occurring influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1. JAMA, 1981, Mar-20, Volume: 245, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Central Nervous System; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; In	1981
A controlled trial of amantadine and rimantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A infection. The New England journal of medicine, 1982, Sep-02, Volume: 307, Issue:10 Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Influe	1982
Therapeutic effects of aerosolized amantadine in naturally acquired infection due to influenza A virus. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1980, Volume: 141, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Amantadine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Huma	1980
A prospective double-blind study of side effects associated with the administration of amantadine for influenza A virus prophylaxis. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1980, Volume: 141, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Central Nervous System; Dizziness; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	1980
[A trial of amantadine for the treatment of influenza A infection in children]. Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, 2000, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Influenza A	2000
[Controlled study of influenza prophylaxis by VUFB amantadin (author's transl)]. Ceskoslovenska epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie, 1977, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Huma	1977
Airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza A infection. The American review of respiratory disease, 1978, Volume: 118, Issue:2 Topics: Aerosols; Air; Airway Resistance; Amantadine; Carbachol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions	1978
From the National Institutes of Health. Report of a workshop on clinical studies of the efficacy of amantadine and rimantadine against influenza vireus. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1978, Volume: 138, Issue:6 Topics: Adamantane; Amantadine; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug	1978
Prevention of Russian influenza by amantadine. JAMA, 1979, Mar-09, Volume: 241, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Amantadine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza A viru	1979
[Chemotherapy of viral infection of the respiratory tract--clinical determination of the effect of antiviral agents in experimental virus infections]. Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, 1977, Volume: 51, Issue:8 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Influenza,	1977
Comparative clinical and laboratory evaluation of the prophylactic capacity of ribavirin, amantadine hydrochloride, and placebo in induced human influenza type A. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1976, Volume: 133 Suppl Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies, Viral; Bilirubin; Body Temperature; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans;	1976
A perspective from controlled investigations of chemotherapy for viral respiratory infections. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1976, Volume: 133 Suppl Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Caffeic Acids; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ferrets; Humans; In	1976
Amantadine effect on peripheral airways abnormalities in influenza. A study in 15 students with natural influenza A infection. Annals of internal medicine, 1976, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Helium; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung; Oxygen; Placebo	1976
Evaluation of the safety of amantadine-HC1 and the role of respiratory viral infections in children with cystic fibrosis. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1976, Volume: 134, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystic Fibrosis; F	1976
Clinical applications of antiviral agents for chemophrophylaxis and therapy of respiratory viral infections. Antiviral research, 1985, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infl	1985
Chemotherapy of respiratory viruses. Advances in internal medicine, 1986, Volume: 31 Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Benzimidazoles; Child; Clinical Trials as T	1986
Efficacy and safety of low dosage amantadine hydrochloride as prophylaxis for influenza A. Antiviral research, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Influe	1989
Antiviral chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1985, Mar-15, Volume: 227, Issue:4692 Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomega	1985
Basic biochemical and pharmacological aspects of antiviral agents. Antiviral research, 1985, Volume: Suppl 1 Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry;	1985
Potential of influenza vaccine and amantadine to prevent influenza A illness in Canadian forces personnel 1980-1983. Military medicine, 1986, Volume: 151, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Manitoba;	1986
Prevention, management, and control of influenza. Role of amantadine. The American journal of medicine, 1987, Jun-19, Volume: 82, Issue:6A Topics: Age Factors; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Sc	1987
Protective efficacy of low-dose amantadine in adults challenged with wild-type influenza A virus. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1987, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies, Viral; Humans; Influenza A vi	1987
Prophylactic amantadine dose and plasma concentration-effect relationships in healthy adults. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1985, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Influenza A virus;	1985
Therapeutic effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride in naturally occurring influenza A 2 -Hong Kong infection. A controlled double-blind study. Lancet (London, England), 1971, Jul-17, Volume: 2, Issue:7716 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Amantadine; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Child; Child, Preschool;	1971
[Comparative study of the epidemiological efficacy of specific and nonspecific influenza preventive agents]. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii, 1974, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1974
Protective effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride on influenza A2 infections in the family environment: a controlled double-blind study. Lancet (London, England), 1969, Nov-15, Volume: 2, Issue:7629 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; England; Fem	1969
[On the preventive effect of amantadine hydrochloride in influenza and other respiratory viral infections]. Sotilaslaaketieteellinen aikakauslehti, 1965, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infl	1965
The evaluation of antiviral drugs in volunteers. Progress in medical virology. Fortschritte der medizinischen Virusforschung. Progres en virologie medicale, 1968, Volume: 10 Topics: Amantadine; Antibodies; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Echovirus Infections; Ethics, Me	1968
Cyclooctylamine in the prevention of experimental human influenza. JAMA, 1972, May-08, Volume: 220, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Amantadine; Amines; Antibody Formation; Antiviral Agents; Body Weight; Clinical Trials	1972
World health news. Influenza prophylaxis with amantadine. Israel journal of medical sciences, 1972, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Amantadine; Antibody Formation; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; C	1972
[Clinical evaluation of Remantadine in the treatment of influenza]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1972, Oct-16, Volume: 27, Issue:42 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human;	1972
[Effectiveness of midantan and interferon inducers as means of non-specific prevention of influenza]. Antibiotiki, 1972, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Interferon Induc	1972
The therapeutic effect of amantadine in influenza occurring during the winter of 1971-2 assessed by double-blind study. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1973, Volume: 23, Issue:126 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixation Tests; Female	1973
Viral influenza in infants and children. The Medical journal of Australia, 1973, 06-02, Volume: 1, Issue:SP1 Topics: Amantadine; Ampicillin; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Clinical Trials as Topic; D	1973
Antiviral activity of rimantadine, virological, pathomorphological, and clinical studies. Acta microbiologica Polonica. Series A: Microbiologia generalis, 1973, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Amantadine; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blo	1973
Effects of amantadines on influenza B and measles virus infection in children. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1966, Volume: 6 Topics: Adolescent; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans;	1966
Studies on induced influenza in man. I. Double-blind studies designed to assess prophylactic efficacy of amantadine hydrochloride against a2/Rockville/1/65 strain. JAMA, 1968, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged	1968
Studies on induced influenza in man. II. Double-blind study designed to assess the prophylactic efficacy of an analogue of amantadine hydrochloride. JAMA, 1968, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Neutralizat	1968
Chemoprophylaxis of influenza. British medical journal, 1968, Jul-20, Volume: 3, Issue:5611 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae	1968
[Animal experimental studies of combined vaccination and chemoprophylaxis of influenza virus infections]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1968, Mar-30, Volume: 98, Issue:13 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Biguanides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Factor Analysis, Statis	1968
[Early diagnosis and treatment of influenza]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Influenza, Human; Plac	1969
Therapeutic efficacy of amantadine HCl and rimantadine HCl in naturally occurring influenza A2 respiratory illness in man. The New England journal of medicine, 1969, Sep-11, Volume: 281, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Fever; Humans; Hydrochlo	1969
Specific drugs against influenza. British medical journal, 1969, Aug-23, Volume: 3, Issue:5668 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Isoquinolines; Placebos	1969
The therapeutic efficacy of Symmetrel (amantadine hydrochloride) in naturally occurring influenza A2 respiratoy illness. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 1969, Volume: 68, Issue:12 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Placebos	1969
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of amantadine in patients with naturally occurring A2 influenza. JAMA, 1970, Feb-16, Volume: 211, Issue:7 Topics: Amantadine; Antibodies; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fever; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male;	1970
Therapeutic effectiveness of amantadine hydrochloride in influenza A2--double blind studies. The Japanese journal of tuberculosis and chest diseases, 1968, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complem	1968
Evaluation of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of A2 influenzal disease. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1969, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Placebos; U	1969
Study of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride used prophylactically during the Hong Kong influenza epidemic in the family environment. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1969, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outb	1969
A design for the evaluation of antiviral drugs in human influenza. American journal of epidemiology, 1970, Volume: 91, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibody Formation; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Hemagglutination	1970
Evaluation of amantadine in artificially induced A2 and B influenza. JAMA, 1970, Aug-31, Volume: 213, Issue:9 Topics: Amantadine; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans;	1970
Amantadine therapy of epidemic influenza A2-Hong Kong. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1969, Volume: 9 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Prognosis	1969
Protection of man from natural infection with influenza A2 Hong Kong virus by amantadine: a controlled field trial. British medical journal, 1970, Sep-19, Volume: 3, Issue:5724 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixation Tests; Disease Outbreak	1970
Status of amantadine in control of influenza. The New England journal of medicine, 1971, 11-25, Volume: 285, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Hum	1971
Use of Viregyt (amantadine hydrochloride) in the treatment of epidemic influenza. Therapia Hungarica (English edition), 1971, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixation Tests; Humans; Hungary; Influenza, Human;	1971
A study of 1-adamantamine hydrochloride during the 1970 Hong Kong influenza epidemic. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1971, Volume: 21, Issue:113 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Outbreaks; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans;	1971
Therapeutic effectiveness of amantadine hydrochloride in naturally occurring Hong Kong influenza--double-blind studies. The Japanese journal of tuberculosis and chest diseases, 1971, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Amantadine; Antibody Formation; Child; Child,	1971
Administration of amantadine for the prevention of Hong Kong influenza. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1970, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antibodies; Child; Disease Outbreaks; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tes	1970
The prophylactic effectiveness of amantadine hydrochloride in an epidemic of Hong Kong influenza in Leningrad in 1969. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1970, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Placebos; Sleep Wa	1970
[Influenza prevention with 1-amino-adamantan-hydrochloride. II]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1966, Jan-08, Volume: 2 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mice; Pla	1966
A field trial of amantadine prophylaxis in naturally-occurring acute respiratory illness. American journal of epidemiology, 1967, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixatio	1967
[The prevention of A2-influenza in children by chemoprophylaxis with amantadine hydrochloride]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1966, Dec-17, Volume: 96, Issue:50 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixation	1966
Prophylactic use of amantadine during Hong Kong influenza epidemic. Acta microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1970, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Capsules; Chickens; Disease	1970
Amantidine hydrochloride and the elderly. British medical journal, 1969, Feb-01, Volume: 1, Issue:5639 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Influenza, Human	1969
The suppression of A2 influenza in children by the chemoprophylactic use of Amantadine. The Journal of pediatrics, 1966, Volume: 69, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement Fixation Tests; Hemagglutination I	1966

amantadine and Influenza, Human