amanitins and Huntington-Disease

Transcriptional disturbance is implicated in the pathology of polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). However, it is unknown whether transcriptional repression leads to neuronal death or what forms that death might take. We found transcriptional repression-induced atypical death (TRIAD) of neurons to be distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. The progression of TRIAD was extremely slow in comparison with other types of cell death. Gene expression profiling revealed the reduction of full-length yes-associated protein (YAP), a p73 cofactor to promote apoptosis, as specific to TRIAD. Furthermore, novel neuron-specific YAP isoforms (YAPDeltaCs) were sustained during TRIAD to suppress neuronal death in a dominant-negative fashion. YAPDeltaCs and activated p73 were colocalized in the striatal neurons of HD patients and mutant huntingtin (htt) transgenic mice. YAPDeltaCs also markedly attenuated Htt-induced neuronal death in primary neuron and Drosophila melanogaster models. Collectively, transcriptional repression induces a novel prototype of neuronal death associated with the changes of YAP isoforms and p73, which might be relevant to the HD pathology.

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Amanitins; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins; Down-Regulation; Drosophila melanogaster; Embryo Research; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Humans; Huntington Disease; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Neurons; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphoproteins; Protein Isoforms; Rats; RNA, Small Interfering; Time Factors; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Protein p73; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; YAP-Signaling Proteins