alprazolam has been researched along with Chemical Dependence in 99 studies
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)
alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " We present a case of a 23-year-old man who had acute necrosis of the bilateral globi pallidi in the brain and systemic rhabdomyolysis after ingesting methadone and nasally insufflating alprazolam." | 7.79 | Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity. ( Corliss, RF; Mandal, R; Soriano, BJ, 2013) |
| " The charts of 78 panic disorder outpatients treated with alprazolam (mean dose 4." | 7.68 | Alprazolam in panic disorder: a retrospective analysis. ( Harvey, DS; Loosen, PT; Shelton, RC; Stewart, PM, 1993) |
| " This study utilized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling to further examine the underlying mechanisms of anxiety treatment and addiction." | 5.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
| "Data regarding benzodiazepine and other substance use, approach and avoidance motivation, and general and physical aggressive behaviour were collected via self-report questionnaires." | 5.43 | Motivational drive and alprazolam misuse: A recipe for aggression? ( Albrecht, B; Best, D; Hall, K; Kambouropoulos, N; Staiger, PK, 2016) |
| "Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative that is currently used in the treatment of generalized anxiety, panic attacks with or without agoraphobia, and depression." | 4.82 | Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature. ( Verster, JC; Volkerts, ER, 2004) |
| "Doctors should closely monitor the severity of alprazolam dependence among long-term users, especially patients' levels of depression, beliefs in the necessity of alprazolam treatment, and their concerns over the adverse consequences of continued treatment with alprazolam." | 3.81 | Severity of alprazolam dependence and associated features among long-term alprazolam users from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Taiwan. ( Chen, ST; Chen, TT; Hwang, TJ; Ko, CH; Lin, JJ; Su, PW; Yen, CF; Yen, CN, 2015) |
| " We present a case of a 23-year-old man who had acute necrosis of the bilateral globi pallidi in the brain and systemic rhabdomyolysis after ingesting methadone and nasally insufflating alprazolam." | 3.79 | Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity. ( Corliss, RF; Mandal, R; Soriano, BJ, 2013) |
| "Methaqualone was more euphoriant and less sedative than the benzodiazepines." | 3.76 | Comparative study of the abuse liability of alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, methaqualone, and placebo. ( Beake, B; Bird, M; Cole, JO; Dessain, E; Friedman, L; McEachern, J; Orzack, MH, 1988) |
| " The charts of 78 panic disorder outpatients treated with alprazolam (mean dose 4." | 3.68 | Alprazolam in panic disorder: a retrospective analysis. ( Harvey, DS; Loosen, PT; Shelton, RC; Stewart, PM, 1993) |
| "Nine of 12 men with a family history of alcoholism but only two of 12 control subjects had euphoric responses to alprazolam." | 3.67 | Parental alcoholism as a risk factor in benzodiazepine abuse: a pilot study. ( Barnhill, JG; Ciraulo, AM; Ciraulo, DA; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1989) |
| " On most secondary measures, the dose-response relationship was relatively flat or showed saturation at higher ESL doses." | 2.82 | Abuse liability assessment of eslicarbazepine acetate in healthy male and female recreational sedative users: A Phase I randomized controlled trial. ( Blum, D; Chakraborty, B; Cheng, H; Levy-Cooperman, N; Schoedel, KA, 2016) |
| " A secondary goal was to determine the accuracy of Drug Recognition Examiners (DREs) in detecting if subjects were dosed with these drugs." | 2.69 | Laboratory validation study of drug evaluation and classification program: alprazolam, d-amphetamine, codeine, and marijuana. ( Crouch, DJ; Heishman, SJ; Singleton, EG, 1998) |
| "Sertraline is an effective antidepressant acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor." | 2.68 | Comparative abuse liability of sertraline, alprazolam, and dextroamphetamine in humans. ( Busto, U; Kaplan, HL; Sellers, EM; Zawertailo, LA, 1995) |
| "Complete/substantial control of the sleep disorders was achieved by 146 patients (86%); 8% had adverse effects requiring medication changes; 2% had relapses of alcohol or chemical abuse requiring hospitalization; another 2% at times misused their medications." | 2.68 | Long-term, nightly benzodiazepine treatment of injurious parasomnias and other disorders of disrupted nocturnal sleep in 170 adults. ( Mahowald, MW; Schenck, CH, 1996) |
| "Tandospirone is a novel nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic/antidepressant that acts primarily at the serotonin-1A receptor." | 2.67 | Tandospirone and alprazolam: comparison of behavioral effects and abuse liability in humans. ( Evans, SM; Griffiths, RR; Troisi, JR, 1994) |
| "When alprazolam and diazepam were tested using the altered equivalent ratio of 1:14, "liking" and "seeking potentials" revealed no significant differences." | 2.67 | Preference for alprazolam as opposed to diazepam in benzodiazepine-dependent psychiatric inpatients. ( Apelt, S; Emrich, HM; Schmauss, C, 1990) |
| " Important issues such as selection of an appropriate comparison drug, selection of an appropriate population, dosing regimen and test doses need to be considered in future studies." | 2.38 | Abuse liability of alprazolam relative to other commonly used benzodiazepines: a review. ( Bickel, WK; Higgins, ST; Hughes, JR; Rush, CR, 1993) |
| "A similar problem exists with diazepam." | 2.38 | Alprazolam and benzodiazepine dependence. ( Ciraulo, DA; DuPont, RL; Griffiths, RR; Kosten, TR; Romach, MK; Sellers, EM; Woody, GE, 1993) |
| "Alprazolam has a shorter half-life, which may lead to more withdrawal symptoms than diazepam." | 2.38 | Alprazolam and diazepam: addiction potential. ( Juergens, S, 1991) |
| "Oxazepam is an anxiolytic with established clinical efficacy." | 2.38 | Oxazepam: update 1989. ( Ayd, FJ, 1990) |
| "A key step in combating drug abuse is detecting, monitoring, and characterizing its trends over time and location, also known as pharmacovigilance." | 1.91 | Using GPT-3 to Build a Lexicon of Drugs of Abuse Synonyms for Social Media Pharmacovigilance. ( Altman, RB; Carpenter, KA, 2023) |
| " This study utilized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling to further examine the underlying mechanisms of anxiety treatment and addiction." | 1.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
| "Data regarding benzodiazepine and other substance use, approach and avoidance motivation, and general and physical aggressive behaviour were collected via self-report questionnaires." | 1.43 | Motivational drive and alprazolam misuse: A recipe for aggression? ( Albrecht, B; Best, D; Hall, K; Kambouropoulos, N; Staiger, PK, 2016) |
| ", liking and good effects), inhaled alprazolam was more potent, as evidenced by a leftward shift in the dose-response curve." | 1.42 | Inhaled vs. oral alprazolam: subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects, and modestly increased abuse potential. ( Carter, LP; Griffiths, RR; Harrison, JA; Reissig, CJ, 2015) |
| "Diphenhydramine was more frequently recorded among the false-positive group, but this was not statistically significant." | 1.39 | How often do false-positive phencyclidine urine screens occur with use of common medications? ( Mullins, ME; Rengarajan, A, 2013) |
| "Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine anxiolytic widely prescribed for treatment of panic-disorder and social phobias, although this medication is also subject to abuse." | 1.39 | Concentrations of alprazolam in blood from impaired drivers and forensic autopsies were not much different but showed a high prevalence of co-ingested illicit drugs. ( Holmgren, A; Jones, AW, 2013) |
| "Alprazolam was a contributing cause of death in a substantial and increasing number of drug-related deaths." | 1.38 | Characteristics of alprazolam-related deaths compiled by a centralized state medical examiner. ( Abate, MA; Clay, DJ; Kaplan, JA; Kraner, JC; Shah, NA; Smith, MJ, 2012) |
| "Alprazolam is a commonly prescribed benzodiazepine." | 1.33 | Alprazolam-related deaths in Palm Beach County. ( Flannagan, LM; Lavezzi, WA; Middleberg, RA; Sullivan, LM; Wolf, BC, 2005) |
| "Prescription drug abuse was reported by 87%; alprazolam (57%), oxycodone (36%), hydrocodone (32%) and diazepam (30%) were cited most often." | 1.33 | Prescription drug abuse among ecstasy users in Miami. ( Cottler, L; Inciardi, JA; Kurtz, SP; Surratt, HL, 2005) |
| "Topiramate has recently been used in alcohol, cocaine and opiates withdrawal." | 1.33 | Topiramate use in alprazolam addiction. ( Christodoulou, C; Douzenis, A; Lykouras, L; Michopoulos, I, 2006) |
| "Clonidine hydrochloride is an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist commonly prescribed as an antihypertensive agent." | 1.32 | Intentional clonidine patch ingestion by 3 adults in a detoxification unit. ( Rapko, DA; Rastegar, DA, 2003) |
| "treatment with alprazolam induced clear physical dependence in DBA/2J mice as assessed by precipitation of a withdrawal syndrome with an i." | 1.28 | Physical dependence induced in DBA/2J mice by benzodiazepine receptor full agonists, but not by the partial agonist Ro 16-6028. ( Haefely, WE; Jenck, F; Martin, JR; Moreau, JL; Pieri, L; Schoch, P, 1990) |
| "All had withdrawal symptoms, six demonstrated tolerance, and at least four had substantial social or occupational impairment secondary to drug use." | 1.27 | Alprazolam dependence in seven patients. ( Juergens, SM; Morse, RM, 1988) |
| " No statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were found between groups." | 1.27 | Abuse liability and clinical pharmacokinetics of alprazolam in alcoholic men. ( Barnhill, JG; Ciraulo, AM; Ciraulo, DA; Foti, ME; Greenblatt, DJ; Molloy, MA; Shader, RI; Tarmey, MF, 1988) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 17 (17.17) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 42 (42.42) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 14 (14.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 19 (19.19) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 7 (7.07) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| El Zahran, T | 1 |
| Kanaan, E | 1 |
| Kobeissi, L | 1 |
| Bouassi, J | 1 |
| Sarieddine, A | 1 |
| Carpenter, J | 1 |
| Kazzi, Z | 1 |
| Hitti, E | 1 |
| Syrjanen, R | 1 |
| Schumann, J | 1 |
| Hodgson, SE | 1 |
| Abouchedid, R | 1 |
| Rotella, JA | 1 |
| Graudins, A | 1 |
| Greene, SL | 1 |
| Carpenter, KA | 1 |
| Altman, RB | 1 |
| Burkat, PM | 1 |
| Walde, J | 1 |
| Andersson, L | 1 |
| Johnson, B | 1 |
| Håkansson, A | 1 |
| Wilbraham, D | 1 |
| Berg, PH | 1 |
| Tsai, M | 1 |
| Liffick, E | 1 |
| Loo, LS | 1 |
| Doty, EG | 1 |
| Sellers, E | 2 |
| Duke, AN | 1 |
| Platt, DM | 1 |
| Rowlett, JK | 1 |
| Schoedel, KA | 2 |
| Andreas, JO | 1 |
| Doty, P | 1 |
| Eckhardt, K | 1 |
| Sellers, EM | 7 |
| Orfanidis, A | 1 |
| Gika, H | 1 |
| Zaggelidou, E | 1 |
| Mastrogianni, O | 1 |
| Raikos, N | 1 |
| Harmelink, M | 1 |
| Pyzik, E | 1 |
| Barkhaus, PE | 1 |
| Rengarajan, A | 1 |
| Mullins, ME | 1 |
| Shah, NA | 1 |
| Abate, MA | 1 |
| Smith, MJ | 1 |
| Kaplan, JA | 1 |
| Kraner, JC | 1 |
| Clay, DJ | 1 |
| Chen, TT | 1 |
| Ko, CH | 1 |
| Chen, ST | 1 |
| Yen, CN | 1 |
| Su, PW | 1 |
| Hwang, TJ | 1 |
| Lin, JJ | 1 |
| Yen, CF | 1 |
| Bertol, E | 1 |
| Mari, F | 1 |
| Boscolo Berto, R | 1 |
| Mannaioni, G | 1 |
| Vaiano, F | 1 |
| Favretto, D | 1 |
| Reissig, CJ | 1 |
| Harrison, JA | 1 |
| Carter, LP | 1 |
| Griffiths, RR | 7 |
| McIntyre, IM | 1 |
| Hamm, CE | 1 |
| Sherrard, JL | 1 |
| Gary, RD | 1 |
| Burton, CG | 1 |
| Mena, O | 1 |
| Nordal, K | 1 |
| Øiestad, EL | 1 |
| Enger, A | 1 |
| Christophersen, AS | 1 |
| Vindenes, V | 1 |
| Dierksen, J | 1 |
| Gonsoulin, M | 1 |
| Walterscheid, JP | 1 |
| Kolli, V | 1 |
| Mary, H | 1 |
| Garcia-Delgar, B | 1 |
| Coffey, BJ | 1 |
| Albrecht, B | 1 |
| Staiger, PK | 1 |
| Hall, K | 1 |
| Kambouropoulos, N | 1 |
| Best, D | 1 |
| Levy-Cooperman, N | 1 |
| Chakraborty, B | 1 |
| Blum, D | 1 |
| Cheng, H | 1 |
| Lajtai, A | 1 |
| Mayer, M | 1 |
| Lakatos, Á | 1 |
| Porpáczy, Z | 1 |
| Miseta, A | 1 |
| Ries, R | 1 |
| Wolitzky-Taylor, KB | 1 |
| Operskalski, JT | 1 |
| Craske, MG | 1 |
| Roy-Byrne, P | 1 |
| Hainsworth, A | 1 |
| Jones, AW | 1 |
| Holmgren, A | 1 |
| Corliss, RF | 1 |
| Mandal, R | 1 |
| Soriano, BJ | 1 |
| Rapko, DA | 1 |
| Rastegar, DA | 1 |
| Verster, JC | 1 |
| Volkerts, ER | 1 |
| Wolf, BC | 1 |
| Lavezzi, WA | 1 |
| Sullivan, LM | 1 |
| Middleberg, RA | 1 |
| Flannagan, LM | 1 |
| Schechtman, E | 1 |
| Shinar, D | 1 |
| Forrester, MB | 1 |
| Kurtz, SP | 1 |
| Inciardi, JA | 1 |
| Surratt, HL | 1 |
| Cottler, L | 1 |
| Lane, SD | 1 |
| Yechiam, E | 1 |
| Busemeyer, JR | 1 |
| Michopoulos, I | 1 |
| Douzenis, A | 1 |
| Christodoulou, C | 1 |
| Lykouras, L | 1 |
| Peters, RJ | 1 |
| Meshack, AF | 1 |
| Kelder, SH | 1 |
| Webb, P | 1 |
| Smith, D | 1 |
| Garner, K | 1 |
| Barthelmé, B | 1 |
| Poirot, Y | 1 |
| Ator, NA | 1 |
| Lukas, SE | 1 |
| Lamb, RJ | 1 |
| Brady, JV | 1 |
| Ballenger, JC | 1 |
| Martin, JR | 2 |
| Moreau, JL | 2 |
| Jenck, F | 2 |
| Romach, M | 1 |
| Busto, U | 3 |
| Somer, G | 1 |
| Kaplan, HL | 5 |
| Mumford, GK | 2 |
| Evans, SM | 2 |
| Fleishaker, JC | 1 |
| Zawertailo, LA | 1 |
| Rush, CR | 2 |
| Higgins, ST | 1 |
| Bickel, WK | 2 |
| Hughes, JR | 1 |
| Kulkarni, SK | 1 |
| Sharma, K | 1 |
| Piper, A | 1 |
| Troisi, JR | 1 |
| Roberts, JM | 1 |
| Malcolm, R | 1 |
| Santos, AB | 1 |
| Sussman, N | 1 |
| Iguchi, MY | 1 |
| Handelsman, L | 1 |
| Zawertailo, L | 1 |
| Cole, JO | 3 |
| Kando, JC | 1 |
| Ciraulo, DA | 5 |
| DuPont, RL | 1 |
| Kosten, TR | 1 |
| Romach, MK | 3 |
| Woody, GE | 2 |
| Koshes, RJ | 1 |
| Shelton, RC | 1 |
| Harvey, DS | 1 |
| Stewart, PM | 1 |
| Loosen, PT | 1 |
| Schenck, CH | 1 |
| Mahowald, MW | 1 |
| Sarid-Segal, O | 2 |
| Knapp, C | 2 |
| Ciraulo, AM | 4 |
| Greenblatt, DJ | 4 |
| Shader, RI | 4 |
| Barnhill, JG | 3 |
| Pinna, G | 1 |
| Galici, R | 1 |
| Schneider, HH | 1 |
| Stephens, DN | 1 |
| Turski, L | 1 |
| Loeb, P | 1 |
| Adnet, P | 1 |
| Boittiaux, P | 1 |
| Forget, AP | 1 |
| Mille, FX | 1 |
| Heishman, SJ | 1 |
| Singleton, EG | 1 |
| Crouch, DJ | 1 |
| Crockford, D | 1 |
| White, WD | 1 |
| Campbell, B | 1 |
| Gupta, S | 1 |
| Busto, UE | 2 |
| Somer, GR | 2 |
| Sobell, LC | 2 |
| Sobell, MB | 2 |
| Glod, CA | 1 |
| Martin, T | 1 |
| Vargas, MA | 1 |
| Bissette, G | 1 |
| Owens, MJ | 1 |
| Ehlers, CL | 1 |
| Nemeroff, CB | 1 |
| Miller, LG | 1 |
| Sheehan, MF | 1 |
| Sheehan, DV | 1 |
| Torres, A | 1 |
| Coppola, A | 1 |
| Francis, E | 1 |
| Contreras, E | 1 |
| Germany, A | 1 |
| Apelt, S | 3 |
| Schmauss, C | 3 |
| Emrich, HM | 3 |
| Pieri, L | 1 |
| Schoch, P | 1 |
| Haefely, WE | 1 |
| Juergens, S | 1 |
| Sloan, JW | 1 |
| Martin, WR | 1 |
| Wala, EP | 1 |
| Ayd, FJ | 1 |
| Rosenbaum, JF | 1 |
| Ravi, NV | 1 |
| Maany, I | 1 |
| Burke, WM | 1 |
| Dhopesh, V | 1 |
| Risse, SC | 1 |
| Whitters, A | 1 |
| Burke, J | 1 |
| Chen, S | 1 |
| Scurfield, RM | 1 |
| Raskind, MA | 1 |
| Patterson, JF | 1 |
| Dickinson, B | 1 |
| Rush, PA | 1 |
| Radcliffe, AB | 1 |
| Marks, IM | 1 |
| De Albuquerque, A | 1 |
| Cottraux, J | 1 |
| Gentil, V | 1 |
| Greist, J | 1 |
| Hand, I | 1 |
| Liberman, RL | 1 |
| Relvas, JS | 1 |
| Tobeña, A | 1 |
| Tyrer, P | 1 |
| Kranzler, HR | 1 |
| Gallaher, EJ | 1 |
| Jacques, CJ | 1 |
| Hollister, LE | 1 |
| Albeck, JH | 1 |
| Orzack, MH | 2 |
| Friedman, L | 1 |
| Dessain, E | 1 |
| Bird, M | 1 |
| Beake, B | 1 |
| McEachern, J | 1 |
| Juergens, SM | 1 |
| Morse, RM | 1 |
| Fraser, AD | 1 |
| Tarmey, MF | 1 |
| Molloy, MA | 1 |
| Foti, ME | 1 |
| Weddington, WW | 1 |
| Carney, AC | 1 |
| Miller, F | 1 |
| Thweatt, RW | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Effectiveness of Psychopharmacological Intervention Versus Cognitive Behavioural Couple Therapy and Their Combination in Perinatal Distressed Couples: A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT06001021] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-08-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Abuse Liability Study of Staccato® Alprazolam for Inhalation in Subjects With Histories of Sedative Abuse[NCT00603980] | Phase 1 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Continuing Care Following Drug Abuse Treatment: Linkage With Primary Care[NCT01621711] | 504 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Baclofen in Chronic Pelvic Pain, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT05968937] | Phase 2 | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
"The within patient rank (1-7) of End of Day question number 1, Rate the overall strength of the drug effect, response options range from 0-4:~0=No drug effect at all~Possible mild effect, but not sure~Definite mild effect~Moderate strong drug effect~Very strong drug effect Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: End of day for each of the 7 crossover treatments
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.429 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.536 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.821 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 5.429 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.893 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.143 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.750 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of End of Day question number 2 (of primary interest), Rate your overall liking of the drug effect, response options range from -4 to +4:~4=Dislike very much~3=Dislike quite a bit~2=Dislike somewhat~1=Dislike, but not very much 0=NEUTRAL OR NO EFFECT~1=Like, but not very much~2=Like somewhat~3=Like quite a bit~4=Like very much Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: End of day for each of the 7 crossover treatments
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.679 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.214 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.429 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 4.607 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.571 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.857 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.643 |
"EDQ question number 6 (of primary interest), Estimate the amount of money you think the drug you took today would be worth on the street." (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: End of day for each of the 7 crossover treatments
| Intervention | Dollars ($) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.750 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.571 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 7.071 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 8.714 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.857 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.286 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 8.571 |
"EDQ question number 7, What would you be willing to pay for today's drug?" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: End of day for each of the 7 crossover treatments
| Intervention | Dollars ($) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.607 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.821 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.571 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 5.179 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.964 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.107 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.750 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of Drug Effect Questionnaire question number 1: Rate the STRENGTH of the drug effect you are feeling RIGHT NOW; response options range for 0 to 4:~No drug effect at all=0, Possible mild effect, but not sure=1, Definite mild effect=2, Moderate strong drug effect=3, Very strong drug effect=4 Maximum of the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours) Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: DEQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.571 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.143 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.714 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 5.536 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.036 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.250 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.750 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the Rate your LIKING of the drug effect you are feeling RIGHT NOW; response options range from -4 to +4:~Dislike very much=-4, Dislike quite a bit=-3, Dislike somewhat=-2, Dislike, but not very much=-1, NEUTRAL OR NO EFFECT=0, Like, but not very much=1, Like somewhat=2, Like quite a bit=3, Like very much=4 Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: DEQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.607 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.500 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.536 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 5.536 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.893 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.250 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.679 |
"The End of Day Questionnaire (EDQ) is a 7-question computerized instrument in which subjects rate the overall effect of the drug they received that day. The primary outcome measure for this trial is the categorical response to question number 5, Rate the degree to which you would like to take the drug again, with a numerical value assigned to each of the responses allowed: 0=Not at all, 1=A little, 2=Moderately, 3=Quite a bit, 4=Very much" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: End of day for each of the 7 crossover treatments
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 1.714 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 2.143 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 2.286 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 1.00 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 1.714 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 2.214 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of Maximum of Observer Rated Questionnaire (ORQ): A trained and blinded staff member completed observer ratings as the subject completed the questionnaires and psychomotor assessment testing at each time point.~The observer rated the subject on sedation/sleepiness, muscle relaxation, impaired posture, impaired speech, confusion/disorientation, stimulation/arousal and strength of drug effect on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Maximum of the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours) Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.250 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.679 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.607 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 4.714 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.929 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 4.000 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.821 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on muscle relaxation (locomotor) on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Maximum of the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours) Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.464 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.964 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.643 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.357 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.821 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.571 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.179 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on muscle relaxation (non-locomotor) on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.536 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.036 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.607 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.393 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.714 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.786 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.929 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on muscle relaxation (posture) on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.750 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.893 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 3.964 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.250 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 2.929 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.929 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 2.929 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on speech on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.214 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.893 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.786 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.393 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.071 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.071 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.357 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on Confusion/Disorientation on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.929 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.821 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.893 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.429 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.393 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.107 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.429 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on Stimulation/Arousal on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.964 |
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.964 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 3.964 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 3.964 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.964 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.964 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 4,214 |
"The within patient rank (1-7) of maximum of the observer rated the subject on Drug Strength on a five-point scale from 0 (indicating normal or no effect) to 4 (indicating extreme drug effect).~Thus a higher rank means a stronger drug effect and a lower rank a lesser drug effect" (NCT00603980)
Timeframe: ORQ was assessed at the 10 time points (predose through 9 hours)
| Intervention | Rank across the 7 treatments (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Alprazolam 1 mg | 2.786 |
| Placebo | 1.714 |
| Oral Alprazolam 2 mg | 4.571 |
| Oral Alprazolam 4 mg | 6.321 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 0.5 mg | 3.000 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 1 mg | 3.929 |
| Inhaled Alprazolam 2 mg | 5.679 |
13 reviews available for alprazolam and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Clinical | 2004 |
Psychopharmacology of the anxiety disorders.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Anxie | 1984 |
Abuse liability of alprazolam relative to other commonly used benzodiazepines: a review.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders | 1993 |
Treating anxiety while minimizing abuse and dependence.
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Buspirone; Clorazepate Dipotass | 1993 |
Adverse behavioral events reported in patients taking alprazolam and other benzodiazepines.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anger; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Human | 1993 |
Alprazolam and benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Comorbidity; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Incidence; Ma | 1993 |
Xanax: pros and cons.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Panic Disorder; Stress Di | 1992 |
Effects of chronic ethanol and benzodiazepine treatment and withdrawal on corticotropin-releasing factor neural systems.
Topics: Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Ethanol; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; | 1992 |
Chronic benzodiazepine administration: from the patient to the gene.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Down-Regulation; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Human | 1991 |
Alprazolam and diazepam: addiction potential.
Topics: Alprazolam; Diazepam; Humans; Risk Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorde | 1991 |
Oxazepam: update 1989.
Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Female; Humans; Oxazepam; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sub | 1990 |
Withdrawal and detoxification from benzodiazepine dependence: a potential role for clonazepam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonazepam; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Huma | 1987 |
Comparative study of the abuse liability of alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, methaqualone, and placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Arousal; Diazepam; Euphoria; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Methaqu | 1988 |
18 trials available for alprazolam and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Abuse Potential of Lasmiditan: A Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo- and Alprazolam-Controlled Crossover Study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Benzamides; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Healthy | 2020 |
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active Comparator-Controlled Crossover Study Evaluating the Abuse Potential of the Antiepileptic Drug Lacosamide in Healthy Recreational Drug Users.
Topics: Acetamides; Adult; Alprazolam; Anticonvulsants; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cross-Over Studi | 2017 |
Abuse liability assessment of eslicarbazepine acetate in healthy male and female recreational sedative users: A Phase I randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Cross-Over Studies; Dibenzazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2016 |
Alprazolam (Xanax, and others) revisited.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Double-Blin | 2005 |
Modeling drug detection and diagnosis with the 'drug evaluation and classification program'.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Algorithms; Alprazolam; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Analysis of Variance; Aut | 2005 |
Alprazolam absorption kinetics affects abuse liability.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Analysis of Variance; Cognition; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dose-Response Relat | 1995 |
Comparative abuse liability of sertraline, alprazolam, and dextroamphetamine in humans.
Topics: 1-Naphthylamine; Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Arousal; Attention; Attitude; Dextroamphetamine; Dou | 1995 |
Abecarnil and alprazolam in humans: behavioral, subjective and reinforcing effects.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior; Carbolines; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Rela | 1995 |
Tandospirone and alprazolam: comparison of behavioral effects and abuse liability in humans.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Buspirone; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 1994 |
Pharmacologic effects and abuse liability of bretazenil, diazepam, and alprazolam in humans.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Analysis of Variance; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 1994 |
Long-term, nightly benzodiazepine treatment of injurious parasomnias and other disorders of disrupted nocturnal sleep in 170 adults.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chronic Disease; Clonazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; F | 1996 |
Alterations in pharmacodynamics of anxiolytics in abstinent alcoholic men: subjective responses, abuse liability, and electroencephalographic effects of alprazolam, diazepam, and buspirone.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Buspirone; Diazepam; Electrocardiography | 1997 |
Laboratory validation study of drug evaluation and classification program: alprazolam, d-amphetamine, codeine, and marijuana.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Automobile Driving; Codeine; Dextroamphetamine; Double-Blind Method; Dronabinol; | 1998 |
Abuse liability of bretazenil and other partial agonists.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Ma | 1992 |
Preference for alprazolam as opposed to diazepam in benzodiazepine-dependent psychiatric inpatients.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle | 1990 |
The 'efficacy' of alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: a critique of recent reports.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Hum | 1989 |
Potential for abuse of alprazolam.
Topics: Alprazolam; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Lorazepam; Methaqualone | 1988 |
Comparative study of the abuse liability of alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, methaqualone, and placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Arousal; Diazepam; Euphoria; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Methaqu | 1988 |
69 other studies available for alprazolam and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Benzodiazepine use disorder: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center in Lebanon.
Topics: Adolescent; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lebanon; Male; Sub | 2022 |
From signal to alert: A cluster of exposures to counterfeit alprazolam tablets containing five novel benzodiazepines.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; Tablets; Victoria | 2023 |
Using GPT-3 to Build a Lexicon of Drugs of Abuse Synonyms for Social Media Pharmacovigilance.
Topics: Alprazolam; Humans; Natural Language Processing; Pharmacovigilance; Social Media; Substance-Related | 2023 |
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction.
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance-Related Disorde | 2023 |
Drug prescriptions preceding opioid-related deaths-a register study in forensic autopsy patients.
Topics: Alprazolam; Analgesics, Opioid; Autopsy; Diazepam; Drug Overdose; Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Opioid | 2023 |
Tolerance and dependence following chronic alprazolam treatment: quantitative observation studies in female rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Intravenous; Macaca | 2020 |
Alprazolam and Zolpidem in Skeletal Tissue of Decomposed Body Confirms Exposure.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Alprazolam; Body Remains; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Femur; Hair; Hum | 2019 |
Case report: Femoral neuropathy with conduction block.
Topics: Adolescent; Alprazolam; Electrodiagnosis; Femoral Nerve; Femoral Neuropathy; Humans; Hypnotics and S | 2019 |
How often do false-positive phencyclidine urine screens occur with use of common medications?
Topics: Alprazolam; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Clonazepam; Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Drug Interactions | 2013 |
Characteristics of alprazolam-related deaths compiled by a centralized state medical examiner.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Drug Ov | 2012 |
Severity of alprazolam dependence and associated features among long-term alprazolam users from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; | 2015 |
A mixed MDPV and benzodiazepine intoxication in a chronic drug abuser: determination of MDPV metabolites by LC-HRMS and discussion of the case.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Benzodioxoles; Chlordiazepoxide; Chromatography, Liquid; Diazepa | 2014 |
Inhaled vs. oral alprazolam: subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects, and modestly increased abuse potential.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Cognition; Cross-Ov | 2015 |
Acute 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylcathinone (ethylone) intoxication and related fatality: a case report with postmortem concentrations.
Topics: Accidents; Acetone; Adult; Alprazolam; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Drug Overdose; Enzyme-Linked Immunos | 2015 |
Detection Times of Diazepam, Clonazepam, and Alprazolam in Oral Fluid Collected From Patients Admitted to Detoxification, After High and Repeated Drug Intake.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonazepam; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Male; | 2015 |
Poor Man's Methadone: A Case Report of Loperamide Toxicity.
Topics: Alprazolam; Antidiarrheals; Chromatography, Liquid; Fluoxetine; Humans; Hypertrophy; Loperamide; Mal | 2015 |
Quetiapine Addiction in an Adolescent.
Topics: Adolescent; Alprazolam; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; | 2016 |
Motivational drive and alprazolam misuse: A recipe for aggression?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Drive; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 2016 |
Embutramide, a Component of Tanax(®) (T-61) as a New Drug of Abuse?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Amides; Drug Combinations; Humans; Male; Papaverine; Quaternary Ammon | 2016 |
Treatment of comorbid substance use and anxiety disorders: a case study.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Cognitive Beha | 2011 |
"Last night a Xanax saved my life".
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Australia; Humans; Psychiatric Nursing; Substance-Related Disorders | 2012 |
Concentrations of alprazolam in blood from impaired drivers and forensic autopsies were not much different but showed a high prevalence of co-ingested illicit drugs.
Topics: Age Factors; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Amphetamine; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Automobile Driving; Crime; Da | 2013 |
Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Alprazolam; Brain; Forensic Pathology; Forensic Toxicology; Glasg | 2013 |
Intentional clonidine patch ingestion by 3 adults in a detoxification unit.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alprazolam; Antihype | 2003 |
Xanax XR for panic disorder.
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Interactions; Humans; Panic Disor | 2003 |
Alprazolam-related deaths in Palm Beach County.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Cause of Death; Drug Overdo | 2005 |
Alprazolam abuse in Texas, 1998-2004.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Female; Hotlines; Humans; Male; Poison Control C | 2006 |
Prescription drug abuse among ecstasy users in Miami.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Catchment Area, Health; Diazepam; Drug Prescriptions; Ethnicity; Fema | 2005 |
Application of a computational decision model to examine acute drug effects on human risk taking.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alprazolam; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Mari | 2006 |
Topiramate use in alprazolam addiction.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; A | 2006 |
Alprazolam (Xanax) use among southern youth: beliefs and social norms concerning dangerous rides on "handlebars".
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Alprazolam; Attitude to Health; Female; Humans; Male; Pilot Project | 2007 |
[Anxiety level and addiction to first-time prescriptions of anxiolytics: a psychometric study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Bromazepam; Cardio | 2008 |
Benzodiazepines: drug discrimination and physiological dependence.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bromazepam; Diazepam; Discrimination Lear | 1984 |
Precipitated withdrawal in squirrel monkeys after repeated daily oral administration of alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam or oxazepam.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 1995 |
Clinical aspects of chronic use of alprazolam and lorazepam.
Topics: Alprazolam; Ambulatory Care; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Drug Administration Schedule; F | 1995 |
Alprazolam modifies animal behaviour on elevated plus-maze.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Learning; Mice; Mice, | 1993 |
Response to "high anxiety".
Topics: Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Panic Disorder; Ris | 1994 |
Treatment of panic disorder and comorbid substance abuse with divalproex sodium.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Comorbidity; Humans; Male; Panic Disorder; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment | 1994 |
Benzodiazepine and sedative use/abuse by methadone maintenance clients.
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baltimore; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives | 1993 |
Use of tricyclic antidepressants to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Substance-Related Di | 1993 |
Alprazolam in panic disorder: a retrospective analysis.
Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Panic Disorder; Psychiatr | 1993 |
Liability to alprazolam abuse in daughters of alcoholics.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Child of Impaired Parents; Disease Suscepti | 1996 |
Alprazolam dependence prevented by substituting with the beta-carboline abecarnil.
Topics: Alprazolam; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Carbolines; Electroencephalogra | 1997 |
[Benzodiazepine withdrawal presenting as pseudo-surgical abdominal pain].
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Bromazepam; Diagnosis, Differential; Headach | 1997 |
Gabapentin use in benzodiazepine dependence and detoxification.
Topics: Acetates; Alprazolam; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Aci | 2001 |
What did she want with Xanax?
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Drug and Narcotic Control; Female; Florida; Fraud; Humans; P | 2002 |
Characteristics of long-term alprazolam users in the community.
Topics: Alprazolam; Attitude to Health; Depressive Disorder; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Panic Dis | 1992 |
Xanax can lead to dependency.
Topics: Alprazolam; Humans; Panic Disorder; Substance-Related Disorders | 1992 |
Snorting benzodiazepines.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Bipolar Disorder; Diaze | 1991 |
Long-term alprazolam use: abuse, dependence or treatment?
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Substance-Re | 1991 |
Adenosine analogs attenuate tolerance-dependence on alprazolam.
Topics: Adenosine; Alprazolam; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Phenylisopropyladenosine; Substance-Rela | 1991 |
Physical dependence induced in DBA/2J mice by benzodiazepine receptor full agonists, but not by the partial agonist Ro 16-6028.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Drug Im | 1990 |
Dependence-producing properties of alprazolam in the dog.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazeni | 1990 |
Switching patients from alprazolam to clonazepam.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Admin | 1990 |
Detoxification with phenobarbital of alprazolam-dependent polysubstance abusers.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Methad | 1990 |
Severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of alprazolam in eight patients with combat-induced posttraumatic stress disorder.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Combat Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Homici | 1990 |
Withdrawal from alprazolam dependency using clonazepam: clinical observations.
Topics: Alprazolam; Ambulatory Care; Clonazepam; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stress Disorder | 1990 |
Alprazolam use and dependence. A retrospective analysis of 30 cases of withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospectiv | 1990 |
Buspirone treatment of anxiety in a patient dependent on alprazolam.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anxiety; Buspirone; Humans; Male; Substance-Related Disorders | 1989 |
Parental alcoholism as a risk factor in benzodiazepine abuse: a pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Euphoria; Humans; Male; Parents; Pilot Projects; Ri | 1989 |
Alprazolam dependence in mice.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diazepam; Male; Mice; Models, Psychological; Substance Wit | 1987 |
Preference for alprazolam over diazepam.
Topics: Alprazolam; Attitude; Diazepam; Humans; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders | 1989 |
Alprazolam dependence in seven patients.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Marijua | 1988 |
Alprazolam abuse and methadone maintenance.
Topics: Alprazolam; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Substance-Related Disorders | 1987 |
The seeking and liking potentials of alprazolam.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related | 1988 |
Abuse liability and clinical pharmacokinetics of alprazolam in alcoholic men.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Emotions; Euphoria; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; | 1988 |
Alprazolam abuse during methadone maintenance therapy.
Topics: Alprazolam; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders | 1987 |
Alprazolam treatment for panic disorder.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anxiety Disorders; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Panic; Substance Withdrawal Syndro | 1987 |
Alprazolam in treating secondary depression.
Topics: Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders | 1987 |