alpha-chymotrypsin and Pneumonia

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha-Macroglobulins; Bacteria; Bronchi; Chymotrypsin; Granulocytes; Humans; Macrophages; Pancreatic Elastase; Peptide Hydrolases; Pneumonia; Protease Inhibitors; Pulmonary Alveoli; Sputum; Trypsin

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency; alpha-Macroglobulins; Bronchitis; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Lung; Pancreatic Elastase; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Emphysema

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Asthma; Bicarbonates; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Chymotrypsin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Deoxyribonucleases; Expectorants; Humans; Middle Aged; Peptide Hydrolases; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Emphysema; Sodium; Streptodornase and Streptokinase; Surface-Active Agents; Trypsin

Inflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the development of sepsis and its associated complications, leading to multiple organ failure and death. The lungs, liver, and kidneys are among the early affected organs correlated with mortality in sepsis. Alpha-chymotrypsin (α-ch) is a serine protease that exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, and anti-oxidant properties.. This study was undertaken to elucidate if the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of α-ch observed in previous studies can alleviate lung, liver, and kidney injuries in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model, and thus decrease mortality.. Septic animals were given α-ch 2 h post CLP procedure. Sepsis outcomes were assessed in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Separate animal groups were investigated for a survival study.. CLP resulted in 0% survival, while α-chymotrypsin post-treatment led to 50% survival at the end of the study. Administration of α-chymotrypsin resulted in a significant attenuation of sepsis-induced elevated malonaldehyde (MDA) and total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels. In addition, there was a significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Administration of α-ch reduced elevated tissue expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Alpha-chymotrypsin resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Alpha-chymotrypsin attenuated the rise in serum creatinine, cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels that was observed in the septic group. In addition, α-ch significantly reduced the lung wet/dry weight ratio, total protein content, and leukocytic counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histopathological examination of the lungs, liver, and kidneys confirmed the protective effects of α-ch on those organs.. α-ch has protective potential against sepsis through lowering tissue expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MPO, and iNOS leading to decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory signals induced by sepsis. This effect appeared to alleviate the damage to the lungs, liver, and kidneys and increase survival in rats subjected to sepsis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Chymotrypsin; Inflammation; Kidney; Liver; Lung; NF-kappa B; Pneumonia; Punctures; Rats; Sepsis; Toll-Like Receptor 4

Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Chymotrypsin; Endopeptidase K; Influenza A virus; Lung; Mice; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Pneumonia

Antileukoprotease, an inhibitor of granulocyte elastase, was studied in paired sera from 19 patients with pneumonia and from 9 patients with cholecystolithiasis. The circulating level of antileukoprotease was significantly higher in patients with pneumonia compared with patients with cholecystolithiasis. In the latter group, surgery raised the level of general acute phase reactants, but did not affect the level of antileukoprotease. In sera from patients with pneumonia, antileukoprotease was recovered in a free and active form, as shown by gel-filtration of sera before and after the addition of leukocyte elastase. A local protective function of antileukoprotease is suggested by the finding that antileukoprotease was bound to granulocyte elastase in purulent bronchial secretions.

Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Blood Proteins; Bronchitis; Cholelithiasis; Chromatography, Gel; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Male; Orosomucoid; Pancreatic Elastase; Pneumonia; Protease Inhibitors; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; Proteins; Sputum

Antileukoprotease is an important inhibitor of leukocyte elastase and seems to be the primary defence factor against elastase in the respiratory tract. The circulating level of antileukoprotease increases in inflammatory diseases and seems to be related to the degree of inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Antileukoprotease cannot be included among the general acute phase reactants as it does not increase in connection with surgical trauma.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Orosomucoid; Pneumonia; Protease Inhibitors; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; Proteins; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Deoxyribonucleases; Humans; Peptide Hydrolases; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Therapy; Ribonucleases; Trypsin

The effect of intramuscular chimotripsin on the levels of methicillin and tetracycline administered respectively intramuscularly and orally was studied in patients with chronic pneumonia and in experimental rats. It was found that the dose of chimotripsin providing higher methicillin blood levels was many times lower than the enzyme doses providing analogous indices for the blood serum and organs of the rats. When the patients were treated with tetracycline and chimotripsin, increased blood levels of the antibiotic were observed. Administration of chimotripsin to the rats had no effect on tetracycline pharmacokinetics in the animals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Chronic Disease; Chymotrypsin; Drug Interactions; Humans; Kinetics; Methicillin; Pneumonia; Rats; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Chymotrypsin; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Trypsin

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chronic Disease; Chymotrypsin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Pneumonia

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchoscopy; Child, Preschool; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pneumonia; Therapeutic Irrigation

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Bronchiectasis; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Lung Abscess; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Trypsin

Topics: Adolescent; Alpha-Globulins; Asthma; Bronchography; Child; Chymotrypsin; Eosinophilia; Feces; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Pneumonia; Prognosis; Skin Tests; Sweat

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Chymotrypsin; Empyema; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kanamycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Peptide Hydrolases; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Lung Abscess; Peptide Hydrolases; Pneumonia; Trypsin

Topics: Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Child; Chymotrypsin; Common Cold; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pediatrics; Pneumonia; Whooping Cough