alpha-chymotrypsin and Mouth-Diseases

Treponema denticola is considered to be an agent strongly associated with periodontal disease. The lack of an animal infection model has hampered the understanding of T. denticola pathogenesis and the host's immune response to infection. In this study, we have established an oral infection model in mice, demonstrating that infection by oral inoculation is feasible. The presence of T. denticola in the oral cavities of the animals was confirmed by PCR. Mice given T. denticola developed a specific immune response to the bacterium. The antibodies generated from the infection were mainly of the immunoglobulin G1 subclass, indicating a Th2-tilted response. The antibodies recognized 11 T. denticola proteins, of which a 62-kDa and a 53-kDa protein were deemed immunodominant. The two proteins were identified, respectively, as dentilisin and the major outer sheath protein by mass spectrometry. Splenocytes cultured from the infected mice no longer produced interleukin-10 and produced markedly reduced levels of gamma interferon relative to those produced by naïve splenocytes upon stimulation with T. denticola. Mandibles of infected mice showed significantly greater bone resorption (P < 0.01) than those of mock-infected controls.

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Chymotrypsin; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mouth Diseases; Peptide Hydrolases; Porins; Treponema denticola; Treponemal Infections

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Papain; Trypsin

The influence of antigen retrieval (AR) technique on immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is recognized. In focal reactive overgrowths of oral mucosa, we noted that patterns of immunoreactivity to a fibronectin polyclonal antibody were dependent on methods of AR. To establish these patterns we investigated eight pyogenic granulomas and eight fibroepithelial polyps. In the absence of AR no immunoreactivity was observed. After alpha-chymotrypsin AR a band of intense immunoreactivity was associated with vascular endothelial cells, with either minimal or no staining of connective tissue. After microwave AR immunoreactivity was observed in connective tissue, especially in the subepithelial region, but there was no specific vascular staining. After autoclave AR immunoreactivity was observed in connective tissue and also in epithelial nuclei. To determine if these results represented either changes induced by tissue fixation and processing or exposure of epitopes normally masked in vivo, we investigated frozen sections from two fibroepithelial polyps and one pyogenic granuloma. In frozen sections immunoreactivity was observed around vascular endothelial cells and within connective tissue, especially in the subepithelial region, but not in epithelia. This study provides indirect evidence that alpha-chymotrypsin and heat-mediated AR protocols expose different masked epitopes, and reinforces the need to undertake appropriate pilot studies for immunohistochemical investigation of archival tissue.

Topics: Antibodies; Antigens; Chymotrypsin; Connective Tissue; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibronectins; Formaldehyde; Granuloma, Pyogenic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Indicators and Reagents; Mouth Diseases; Paraffin; Polyps; Retrospective Studies; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Combinations; Endopeptidases; Mouth Diseases; Neomycin; Prednisolone; Trypsin; Urea

Successful treatment of oral submucous fibrosis with local injections of chymotrypsin, hyaluronidase, and dexamethasone is reported. In resistant cases, surgical excision of the fibrotic bands with submucosal placement of fresh human placental grafts was found to be successful.

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Combined Modality Therapy; Dexamethasone; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Mouth Diseases; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Placenta; Placental Extracts; Random Allocation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Chymotrypsin; Female; Humans; Leukoedema, Oral; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Tongue; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Infections; Mouth Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Acute Disease; Cellulitis; Chymotrypsin; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Peptide Hydrolases; Trypsin

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Dentistry; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Neomycin; Occlusive Dressings; Ointments; Prednisolone; Stomatitis; Trypsin

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Dentistry; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Synergism; Humans; Inflammation; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Synergism; Humans; Inflammation; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bromelains; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Mouth Diseases; Oxyphenbutazone; Streptokinase

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Synergism; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Trypsin

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Injections; Mouth Diseases