allopurinol and Streptococcal-Infections

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a final enzyme of purine metabolism linked with initiation and progression of infectious diseases, since is considered an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), developing a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory profile in some infectious diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of XO activity in the renal oxidative and inflammatory damage, as well as the interplay with ROS and metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) levels in silver catfish experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. Xanthine oxidase activity, and uric acid, ROS and NOx levels increased in renal tissue of infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the histopathological analyses revealed the presence of necrosis, generalized edema and nuclear degeneration of renal tubules. Based on these evidences, the upregulation on renal XO activity exerts a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory profile in kidney of fish infected with S. agalactiae. The excessive uric acid levels induced the release of oxidative and inflammatory mediators, such as ROS and NOx, that directly contribute to renal oxidative and inflammatory damage. In summary, the upregulation on XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in the renal injury during S. agalactiae infection.

Topics: Animals; Brazil; Catfishes; Disease Models, Animal; Fisheries; Fresh Water; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Nitric Oxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Purines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase

A Japanese boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome who passed xanthine calculi is reported. After pyelolithotomy for a left renal stone, made up of ammonium urate, associated with urinary tract infection, a high dose of allopurinol was given because of the persistence of pyuria. In the present case, the administration of a high dose of allopurinol, given for the prevention of ammonium urate stone formation in infected urine, induced xanthine calculi formation and we had difficulty in the management of this patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome associated with urinary tract infection. However, we believe it a basic necessity to cure our patient of his urinary tract infection and prevent recurrent ammonium urate stone formation because of the risk of renal deterioration.

Topics: Allopurinol; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome; Male; Proteus Infections; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Streptococcal Infections; Uric Acid; Urinary Tract Infections; Xanthine; Xanthines