allopurinol and Leukemia--Myelomonocytic--Acute

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare but severe life-threatening, drug-induced, systemic hypersensitivity reaction. We report two patients who developed DIHS during treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. Awareness of DIHS is necessary when systemic eruptions and high fever occur in leukemic patients, especially with rapid hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapies.

Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Viral; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow; Cytarabine; Drug Eruptions; Exanthema Subitum; Female; Fever; Hematopoiesis; Herpesvirus 6, Human; Histiocytosis; Humans; Idarubicin; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Leukemic Infiltration; Middle Aged; Skin; Virus Activation

We have found that LPS induces the differentiation of an LPS-resistant subline (LR) of rat myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, c-WRT-7, in vivo, which are resistant to the differentiation inducing effects of LPS in vitro. Furthermore, we have found that the differentiation of LR cells induced by LPS is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, which is one of radical scavengers. Accordingly, we have examined the differentiation inducing effects of xanthine oxidase, a potential source of oxygen radicals, on LR cells in vitro and in vivo. Xanthine oxidase induced the differentiation of LR cells into macrophage-like cells in vitro; and superoxide dismutase inhibited the differentiation of LR cells induced by xanthine oxidase both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that oxygen radicals are involved in the differentiation inducing effects of LPS.

Topics: Animals; Carrageenan; Cell Differentiation; Free Radicals; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xanthine Oxidase