allopurinol and Foot-Diseases

In the acute stage of gout, the hallux is most commonly involved followed by the mediotarsal joints and the Achilles tendons. Diagnosis of gout is established when typical monosodium urate crystals can be identified. Apart from NSAIDs, colchicine can be used when there is no renal impairment. Hypouricemic agents (allopurinol or uricosuric drugs) must be initiated one or two weeks after the acute attack of gout because there are risks of exacerbation. Losartan as well as fenofibrate have uricosuric properties. Chondrocalcinosis of the foot can be observed in hemochromatosis. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) can cause severe talagia. Hypercholesterolemia can induce xanthomas of the Achilles tendons. Apatite rheumatism can be observed in chronic dialysis patients.

Topics: Achilles Tendon; Acute Disease; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apatites; Chondrocalcinosis; Colchicine; Fenofibrate; Foot Diseases; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Hallux; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal; Hypolipidemic Agents; Losartan; Radiography; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors; Xanthomatosis

REASONS FOR STUDY: Xanthine oxidase (XO)-dependent production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, a characteristic of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, may contribute to the development of equine laminitis.. To determine the levels of XO and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase [SOD]) in the digital laminae of normal horses (CON) and horses in the developmental stage of laminitis using the black walnut extract (BWE) model.. Healthy horses (n = 12) were administered BWE (BWE group, n = 6), or water (CON group, n = 6) through a nasogastric tube. At the onset of leucopenia in the BWE-treated animals, all horses were anaesthetised, digital laminae and other samples collected rapidly and flash frozen, and the animals subjected to euthanasia. Extracts of the frozen tissues were assayed for the 2 conformational forms of xanthine: oxygen oxidoreductase (XOR), namely, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO), as well as the antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase.. Extracts of liver, lungs and skin, but not digital laminae, from either CON or BWE-treated horses had endogenous SOD, whereas all had endogenous XO and catalase. The levels of XDH, XO and catalase were similar in extracts of laminae from CON and BWE-treated horses as was the ratio of XDH to XO in extracts.. The absence of increased XO activity suggest against the involvement of this reactive oxygen intermediate-generating system in the development of laminar pathology in BWE-treated horses. Conversely, the absence of SOD from extracts of equine digital laminae, but not other tissues, suggests that the equine digital laminae are highly susceptible to damage by superoxide anion, produced, for example, by emigrant inflammatory leucocytes.

Topics: Animals; Catalase; Female; Foot Diseases; Hoof and Claw; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hydrogen Peroxide; Juglans; Lameness, Animal; Male; Plant Extracts; Superoxide Dismutase; Xanthine Oxidase

Topics: Allopurinol; Colchicine; Foot; Foot Diseases; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

We present an unusual complication of chronic tophaceous gout in a 63-year-old man with a 27-year history of gout, who could not be treated with allopurinol due to previous allopurinol-induced neutropenia. The patient presented with a progressively enlarging, painful mass on the bottom of his right foot, which caused difficulty wearing shoes and walking. Extirpation of the tophus and first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty were successfully employed for management of this condition.

Topics: Allopurinol; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Foot Diseases; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography