allopurinol and Eye-Diseases

The National Registry of Drug-induced Ocular Side Effects has accumulated 13 cases of possible major haemopoietic responses from topical ocular chloramphenicol. Over 75 cases of major haemopoietic events from carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are also reviewed. While numerous reports of local ocular effects secondary to timolol have been received by the Registry, the more significant adverse effects are the same systemic side effects seen with any beta-receptor blocking agent. Data in the Registry have shown that allopurinol may be possibly associated with cataract formation. Severe cardiovascular effects with elevated blood pressure and stroke are uncommon systemic adverse reactions following topical ophthalmic 10% phenylephrine, but these systemic effects have also been seen secondary to concentrations of 2.5%. Other drugs, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), ecothiopate (echothiophate), practolol, thiabendazole, and penicillamine are suspected of causing ocular pseudopemphigoid.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Allopurinol; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Chloramphenicol; Eye Diseases; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Phenylephrine; Timolol

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Allopurinol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Cardiac Glycosides; Cataract; Child; Chloroquine; Chlorpromazine; Epinephrine; Ethambutol; Ethchlorvynol; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Miotics; Nalidixic Acid; Phosphates; Pilocarpine; Quinolines; Retinal Degeneration; Warfarin

Topics: Allopurinol; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Cells; Capsules; Clinical Trials as Topic; Eye Diseases; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gout; Humans; Indomethacin; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Rheumatic Diseases; Scleroderma, Systemic; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Suppositories

Adenosine deaminase (AD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are enzymes of purine catabolism that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine, deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively. AD is known to be an important enzyme in the maturation and function of T lymphocytes. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether there are changes in serum AD activity as an index of T lymphocyte function in Behcet's disease (BD) which is known as having T cell-mediated immune response.. A total of 32 patients and 26 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were analysed for AD and XO activities. The patients with BD were divided into two subgroups: BD with and without eye lesions. Twelve patients with complete BD and four patients with incomplete BD had eye complications. AD and XO activities in serum were measured with spectrophotometric methods.. There was a remarkable increase in AD activity and moderate increase in XO in patients with BD compared to controls indicating T cell activation and increased maturation. Serum AD activity of complete BD was higher than that of incomplete BD. There was no difference in XO activity between the subgroups of BD. Significant positive correlation was found between AD and XO in BD, although there was no correlation in control group.. The results indicate that increased AD and XO activities may provide an additional benefit for the diagnosis of BD and subtyping of the disease as having eye complication or not and complete and incomplete BD. Further studies are needed to bring to light the exact mechanism of AD and XO activity elevation.

Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Behcet Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Spectrum Analysis; T-Lymphocytes; Xanthine Oxidase

During the past decade there has been a considerable resurgence of interest in the photochemical effects of ultraviolet radiation capable of penetrating through the cornea (300-400 nm), on the intraocular tissues. The ocular lens and retina have received the most attention. The last few decades have also witnessed the development of a new therapeutic regimen, namely photosensitizing (phototherapy), in which the patients are given known photosensitizing agents and exposed to nonionizing radiation (ultraviolet, and on occasion, visible radiation). Such therapy has caused some ocular side effects, which in most cases could have been prevented. Drugs that are known photosensitizers and are capable of intraocular penetration through the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barrier are discussed with respect to their known or potential photosensitizing and/or phototoxic effects on intraocular tissues.

Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Allopurinol; Doxorubicin; Eye Diseases; Fluorescence; Furocoumarins; Griseofulvin; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Ophthalmology; Phenothiazines; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; Retinoids; Tetracycline

Oxyradicals probably play a major role in a number of specific pathological conditions of intraocular tissues, such as cataract formation and retinal degeneration. This paper reviews some of the mechanistic concepts relating to tissue damage by highly reactive oxidants derived from endogenous precursors, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Experimental generation of superoxide in the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye showed leucocyte infiltration to be the principal acute response occurring in 4 hr. This finding suggests that superoxide may play a significant role in the ocular inflammatory response, possibly by reacting with a precursor substance in the aqueous humor to produce a chemotactic factor as has been previously found for blood plasma.

Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Copper; Eye; Eye Diseases; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Free Radicals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxides; Hydroxyl Radical; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Lipid Peroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Rabbits; Superoxides; Xanthine Oxidase

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Child; Chloroquine; Eye Diseases; Female; Gold; Humans; Indomethacin; Joint Diseases; Male; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Macula Lutea

Topics: Allopurinol; Eye Diseases; Gout; Humans; Macula Lutea