alloin and Influenza--Human

Millions of people are infected by the influenza virus worldwide every year. Current selections of anti-influenza agents are limited and their effectiveness and drug resistance are still of concern.. Investigation on in vitro and in vivo effect of aloin from Aloe vera leaves against influenza virus infection.. In vitro antiviral property of aloin was measured by plaque reduction assay in which MDCK cells were infected with oseltamivir-sensitive A(H1N1)pdm09, oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09, H1N1 or H3N2 influenza A or with influenza B viruses in the presence of aloin. In vivo activity was tested in H1N1 influenza virus infected mice. Aloin-mediated inhibition of influenza neuraminidase activity was tested by MUNANA assay. Aloin treatment-mediated modulation of anti-influenza immunity was tested by the study of hemagglutinin-specific T cells in vivo.. Aloin significantly reduced in vitro infection by all the tested strains of influenza viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses, with an average IC. Aloin from Aloe vera leaves is a potent anti-influenza compound that inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, even of the oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus. With suppression of this virus machinery, aloin boosts host immunity with augmented hemagglutinin-specific T cell response to the infection. In addition, in the context of compromised benefit with delayed oseltamivir treatment, adjuvant aloin treatment ameliorates the disease and improves survival. Taken together, aloin has the potential to be further evaluated for clinical applications in human influenza.

Topics: Aloe; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line; Drug Resistance, Viral; Emodin; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza B virus; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Neuraminidase; Oseltamivir; Plant Leaves; T-Lymphocytes; Viral Proteins