all-bond-2 and Pulpitis

This study evaluated histomorphologically the influence of chronological age of the dog on the dental pulp-healing process after capping with the All Bond 2 system or with calcium hydroxide paste. The animals were divided according to age into young and adult groups. Class 5-type cavities were prepared, and the pulp was submitted to an exposure of a diameter of 0.5 mm. The pulp of the teeth was then protected with the adhesive system or with a calcium hydroxide paste. Sixty days after treatment, the results obtained with the adhesive system in the young group were significantly better than those in the adult group. With calcium hydroxide, the results were similar for both groups. The pulp treated with calcium hydroxide exhibited a complete hard tissue bridge and a pulp without inflammatory reaction, a fact not observed when the adhesive system was used. In conclusion, the chronological age of the pulp influenced the comparative results only for the adhesive system (P = 0.1), and the total results were better with calcium hydroxide than with the All Bond 2 system (P = 0.01).

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dentin, Secondary; Dogs; Methacrylates; Pulpitis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Statistics, Nonparametric; Wound Healing

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulpal responses to the use of four resin composite materials as direct pulp capping agents. The importance and effects of individual pulp capping variables are not well understood; consequently histomorphometric analysis was used to analyze these variables.. Two hundred fifty standardized pulp-exposed cavities were prepared in nonhuman primate teeth. Exposed pulps were capped with calcium hydroxide and multistep and self-etching primer resin composites. Teeth were collected from 3 to 60 days to observe pulpal reactions. Following perfusion fixation, tissues were demineralized, sectioned, stained, and histomorphometrically measured. Bridge area, diameter of pulpal exposure, and cavity floor width were measured. Tunnel defects, operative debris, and pulpal inflammation were graded according to defined criteria.. The variables correlated to dentinal bridge area were, in decreasing order of significance, time elapsed since exposure, diameter of pulpal exposure, pulp capping material, and tunnel defects. The variables correlated to pulpal inflammation were the type and curing of pulp capping material. Other variables were not statistically significant.. Pulp capping with resin composite materials provided acceptable pulpal inflammatory and dentinal bridge repair responses, comparable with those of calcium hydroxide. Although resin composites are promising as direct pulp capping agents, further investigations are required to optimize their application protocols to reduce the penetration of potentially cytotoxic monomers into pulpal tissue.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Boron Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Composite Resins; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Macaca; Methacrylates; Methylmethacrylates; Minerals; Pulpitis; Resin Cements; Time Factors

To evaluate the pulpo-dentin complex response to a dentin adhesive application in deep cavities performed in human teeth.. Deep class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 46 premolars. The remaining dentin of the axial wall received 10% phosphoric acid and dentin adhesive (group DA), or was protected before the acid and dentin adhesive application with calcium hydroxide cement (group CH). Half of the teeth, which received the acid application directly over the axial wall, were contaminated prior to the procedures with dental plaque collected from the patient's own teeth (group DAC). The plaque was placed on the dentin for 5 min and then the cavity was washed. All teeth were restored with a light-cured composite resin. The teeth were extracted after 7, 30 or 60 days and prepared according to normal histologic techniques. Serial sections were stained with H/E, Masson's trichrome and Brown & Brenn technique for demonstration of bacteria.. The histopathologic evaluation showed that in groups DA and DAC, the inflammatory response was more evident than in group CH. Also, the intensity of the pulp reaction increased as the remaining dentin thickness decreased. There was no statistical difference in the inflammatory response between the groups DA and DAC.. Based on the experimental conditions, we concluded that the All Bond 2 adhesive system, when applied on dentin in deep cavities, showed an acceptable biocompatibility. However, the intensity of the pulpo-dentin complex response depends on the remaining dentin thickness.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adhesives; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bicuspid; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Cements; Dental Plaque; Dental Pulp; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Methacrylates; Phosphoric Acids; Pulpitis

Human pulp tissue was directly capped with All Bond 2, or calcium hydroxide and evaluated 7, 30, or 60 days after the procedures. Histological analysis was performed to assess the inflammatory cell response, tissue disorganization, dentin bridging, and the presence of bacteria. At 7 days, with All Bond 2 capping, there was a large area of neutrophilic infiltrate underlying the pulp capping material, and the death of adjacent odontoblasts, was observed. However, with time, the neutrophilic reaction was replaced by fibroblastic proliferation with macrophages and giant cells surrounding globules of resin scattered in the coronal pulp tissue. The persistent inflammatory reaction and hyaline alteration of extracellular matrix inhibited complete pulp repair or dentin bridging. In contrast, at 7 days, the pulp tissue capped with calcium hydroxide exhibited odontoblast-like cells organized underneath coagulation necrosis. Pulp repair evolved into apparent complete dentin bridge formation at 60 days. All Bond 2 did not appear to allow any pulp repair and does not appear to be indicated for direct pulp capping of human teeth.

Topics: Adolescent; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Pulpitis

To present the ultrastructural features of the pulpal responses, following the application of All-Bond 2 to acid-conditioned, deep, unexposed coronal dentin and exposed pulps in human teeth.. Cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared in human premolars. In the non-exposure group an attempt was made to prepare the floor of the cavity to +/- 0.5 mm from the pulp. In the exposure group, the pulps were intentionally exposed. After hemostasis, the preparation was etched with 10% phosphoric acid. The teeth were restored with All-Bond 2. Histological evaluation was done at 0-7, 28-35, and > 90 days.. A typical connective tissue response to injury was observed in the majority of the specimens. Irreversible injury to the odontoblasts closest to the site of cavity preparations resulted in the death of these cells. This was followed by an early neutrophilic response, a subsequent macrophage response and a fibroblastic response that led to the deposition of either reparative dentin or calcific bridge formation by odontoblast-like cells. However, another notable feature was the consistent observation of resin particulates within the dentin-pulp complex. These resin particulates could have been indirectly introduced into the pulp through the pertubation of the junctional complexes or the death of the odontoblasts. They may also enter the pulp directly through a pulpal exposure. In some specimens, the presence of these resin particulates appeared to have triggered a foreign body response, characterized by the presence of a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate as well as the appearance of multinuclear giant cells. The persistence of unresolved chronic inflammation was associated with the lack of calcific bridge formation in these specimens.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dentin Permeability; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Fibroblasts; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Methacrylates; Microscopy, Electron; Odontoblasts; Phosphoric Acids; Pulpitis; Time Factors

To determine by means of a histopathological study in sub-human primates whether etching of an exposed pulp (the "Total Etch" technique) followed by capping with dentin bonding agents is a viable clinical treatment modality.. In six sub-human primates, 147 Class V preparations were made for five experimental and two control groups. After exposing the pulps, the preparations were intentionally contaminated, rinsed, dried and then disinfected with a 2% chlorhexidine solution for 60 s. In the five experimental groups, the entire preparation including the exposed pulp was etched with a 35% phosphoric acid gel, which was rinsed after 20 s. This was followed by a second application of chlorhexidine. In Groups 1-3, All Bond 2, ProBond and Permagen A&B dentin bonding agents were applied as pulp capping materials. In Group 4, a light-cured calcium hydroxide was tested while Group 5 was treated with a chemically-cured calcium hydroxide. Groups 6 and 7, the controls, were also contaminated, rinsed, dried and disinfected. After the exposed pulps had been protected with a chemically-cured calcium hydroxide (Group 6) or a light-cured calcium hydroxide (Group 7) the preparations were etched and restored with a bonded resin composite. The effect of the above described treatments were evaluated at 5, 25 and 75 days. After sacrifice and routine histological preparation, histological sections were graded among other parameters for inflammatory response, bridge formation, maintenance of vitality, presence of dentin chips and evidence of microleakage microorganisms.. The 2% chlorhexidine applied immediately after exposure was an effective hemostatic agent. After subsequent etching, the hemostatic effectiveness was greatly reduced. Exposure size for all seven groups ranged from 0.13-1.55 mm. The average at 5, 25 and 75 days measured 0.74, 0.66 and 0.77 mm, respectively. In the five experimental groups, the 25- and 75-day groups had a total of 68 teeth of which 24 (35%) became non-vital and 23 (33%) teeth demonstrated bridge formation. In the three experimental groups using a bonding agent, the 25- and 75-day groups had a total of 40 teeth of which 18 (45%) became non-vital and 10 (25%) exhibited bridge formation. In the "No Etch" control groups, the 25- and 75-day groups had 28 teeth of which two (7%) became non-vital and 23 (82%) exhibited bridge formation. Microorganisms were found in a large percentage of all groups, although their numbers were few. However, they were present in vital and non-vital teeth, in the presence and absence of bridge formation and had no direct bearing on the success or failure of the pulp capping procedure.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Disinfectants; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Hemostasis; Methacrylates; Minerals; Organic Chemicals; Papio; Phosphoric Acids; Pulpitis