all-bond-2 and Dentin--Secondary

This study evaluated histomorphologically the influence of chronological age of the dog on the dental pulp-healing process after capping with the All Bond 2 system or with calcium hydroxide paste. The animals were divided according to age into young and adult groups. Class 5-type cavities were prepared, and the pulp was submitted to an exposure of a diameter of 0.5 mm. The pulp of the teeth was then protected with the adhesive system or with a calcium hydroxide paste. Sixty days after treatment, the results obtained with the adhesive system in the young group were significantly better than those in the adult group. With calcium hydroxide, the results were similar for both groups. The pulp treated with calcium hydroxide exhibited a complete hard tissue bridge and a pulp without inflammatory reaction, a fact not observed when the adhesive system was used. In conclusion, the chronological age of the pulp influenced the comparative results only for the adhesive system (P = 0.1), and the total results were better with calcium hydroxide than with the All Bond 2 system (P = 0.01).

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dentin, Secondary; Dogs; Methacrylates; Pulpitis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Statistics, Nonparametric; Wound Healing

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulpal responses to the use of four resin composite materials as direct pulp capping agents. The importance and effects of individual pulp capping variables are not well understood; consequently histomorphometric analysis was used to analyze these variables.. Two hundred fifty standardized pulp-exposed cavities were prepared in nonhuman primate teeth. Exposed pulps were capped with calcium hydroxide and multistep and self-etching primer resin composites. Teeth were collected from 3 to 60 days to observe pulpal reactions. Following perfusion fixation, tissues were demineralized, sectioned, stained, and histomorphometrically measured. Bridge area, diameter of pulpal exposure, and cavity floor width were measured. Tunnel defects, operative debris, and pulpal inflammation were graded according to defined criteria.. The variables correlated to dentinal bridge area were, in decreasing order of significance, time elapsed since exposure, diameter of pulpal exposure, pulp capping material, and tunnel defects. The variables correlated to pulpal inflammation were the type and curing of pulp capping material. Other variables were not statistically significant.. Pulp capping with resin composite materials provided acceptable pulpal inflammatory and dentinal bridge repair responses, comparable with those of calcium hydroxide. Although resin composites are promising as direct pulp capping agents, further investigations are required to optimize their application protocols to reduce the penetration of potentially cytotoxic monomers into pulpal tissue.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Boron Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Composite Resins; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Macaca; Methacrylates; Methylmethacrylates; Minerals; Pulpitis; Resin Cements; Time Factors

This study evaluated the biologic ability of sodium hypochlorite to control hemorrhage via chemical amputation of the coagulum, to remove dentin chips, to assist healing, and to facilitate formation of a dentinal bridge under two adhesive systems.. Ninety Class V cavities with mechanical pulpal exposures were placed in the teeth of five adult monkeys and histologically observed. All exposures were prepared with a No. 330 bur, and hemorrhage was controlled with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Twenty-two exposures were capped with All-Bond 2 and AElitefil, and 26 exposures were capped with One-Step (OS) and Resinomer (RS). Two pulps were excluded from the final data. Forty-two exposures were capped with calcium hydroxide and amalgam as controls. At 7, 27, and 90 days, tissues were obtained by perfusion fixation, demineralized, sectioned, stained, and histologically graded according to published qualitative criteria.. For both adhesives, at 7 days, 12 of 16 pulps showed no coagulum remnants or dentin chips at the material interface. No necrotic pulps were observed. At 27 and 97 days, 26 of 30 capped pulps had dentinal bridges at the adhesive interface. Reparative dentin was present in 28 pulps. Four 97-day pulps exhibited necrosis associated with stained bacteria. One 97-day pulp contained dentin chips throughout the pulp and demonstrated no healing, no reparative dentin, and no stained bacterial profiles.. Normal soft tissue reorganization and dentinal bridge formation were observed in 86% of pulps treated with sodium hypochlorite and either adhesive system.

Topics: Animals; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Calcium Hydroxide; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Hemorrhage; Hemostatics; Macaca mulatta; Methacrylates; Resin Cements; Root Canal Irrigants; Silanes; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium Hypochlorite; Time Factors; Wound Healing

Human pulp tissue was directly capped with All Bond 2, or calcium hydroxide and evaluated 7, 30, or 60 days after the procedures. Histological analysis was performed to assess the inflammatory cell response, tissue disorganization, dentin bridging, and the presence of bacteria. At 7 days, with All Bond 2 capping, there was a large area of neutrophilic infiltrate underlying the pulp capping material, and the death of adjacent odontoblasts, was observed. However, with time, the neutrophilic reaction was replaced by fibroblastic proliferation with macrophages and giant cells surrounding globules of resin scattered in the coronal pulp tissue. The persistent inflammatory reaction and hyaline alteration of extracellular matrix inhibited complete pulp repair or dentin bridging. In contrast, at 7 days, the pulp tissue capped with calcium hydroxide exhibited odontoblast-like cells organized underneath coagulation necrosis. Pulp repair evolved into apparent complete dentin bridge formation at 60 days. All Bond 2 did not appear to allow any pulp repair and does not appear to be indicated for direct pulp capping of human teeth.

Topics: Adolescent; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Pulpitis

To determine by means of a histopathological study in sub-human primates whether etching of an exposed pulp (the "Total Etch" technique) followed by capping with dentin bonding agents is a viable clinical treatment modality.. In six sub-human primates, 147 Class V preparations were made for five experimental and two control groups. After exposing the pulps, the preparations were intentionally contaminated, rinsed, dried and then disinfected with a 2% chlorhexidine solution for 60 s. In the five experimental groups, the entire preparation including the exposed pulp was etched with a 35% phosphoric acid gel, which was rinsed after 20 s. This was followed by a second application of chlorhexidine. In Groups 1-3, All Bond 2, ProBond and Permagen A&B dentin bonding agents were applied as pulp capping materials. In Group 4, a light-cured calcium hydroxide was tested while Group 5 was treated with a chemically-cured calcium hydroxide. Groups 6 and 7, the controls, were also contaminated, rinsed, dried and disinfected. After the exposed pulps had been protected with a chemically-cured calcium hydroxide (Group 6) or a light-cured calcium hydroxide (Group 7) the preparations were etched and restored with a bonded resin composite. The effect of the above described treatments were evaluated at 5, 25 and 75 days. After sacrifice and routine histological preparation, histological sections were graded among other parameters for inflammatory response, bridge formation, maintenance of vitality, presence of dentin chips and evidence of microleakage microorganisms.. The 2% chlorhexidine applied immediately after exposure was an effective hemostatic agent. After subsequent etching, the hemostatic effectiveness was greatly reduced. Exposure size for all seven groups ranged from 0.13-1.55 mm. The average at 5, 25 and 75 days measured 0.74, 0.66 and 0.77 mm, respectively. In the five experimental groups, the 25- and 75-day groups had a total of 68 teeth of which 24 (35%) became non-vital and 23 (33%) teeth demonstrated bridge formation. In the three experimental groups using a bonding agent, the 25- and 75-day groups had a total of 40 teeth of which 18 (45%) became non-vital and 10 (25%) exhibited bridge formation. In the "No Etch" control groups, the 25- and 75-day groups had 28 teeth of which two (7%) became non-vital and 23 (82%) exhibited bridge formation. Microorganisms were found in a large percentage of all groups, although their numbers were few. However, they were present in vital and non-vital teeth, in the presence and absence of bridge formation and had no direct bearing on the success or failure of the pulp capping procedure.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Disinfectants; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Hemostasis; Methacrylates; Minerals; Organic Chemicals; Papio; Phosphoric Acids; Pulpitis

The regional bond strengths of three current-generation bonding systems (All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, and Clearfil Liner Bond 2) were measured in natural wedge-shaped defects in the cervical area of extracted human teeth. A microtensile testing method was used to compare the strengths of resin bonds made to occlusal margins with those made to gingival margins. Controls consisted of normal teeth which had artificial wedge-shaped defects, of the same depth and dimension, created with a high-speed bur. The results indicated that there were no regional differences in bond strength, although bonds made to natural lesions were from 20 to 45% lower than those made to normal dentin in artificially created wedge-shaped defects, depending on the bonding agent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Clearfil Liner Bond 2 created the thinnest hybrid layers, which were difficult to measure in the natural lesions. The natural lesions contained sclerotic dentin, whereas the artificial lesions were composed of normal dentin. Although the bond strengths to sclerotic dentin were lower than those to normal dentin, the absolute values (ca. 16 to 17 MPa) were high relative to previous-generation bonding agents.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Analysis of Variance; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Cuspid; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin Permeability; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin, Secondary; Hardness; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Methacrylates; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength; Tooth Root