alendronate has been researched along with Jaw Diseases in 56 studies
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.
Jaw Diseases: Diseases involving the JAW.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
---|---|---|
"To conduct a literature review on sodium alendronate, focusing on osteonecrosis of the jaws, a serious potential side effect." | 8.91 | Important aspects concerning alendronate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a literature review. ( Cherubini, K; Figueiredo, MA; Iglesias, JE; Salum, FG, 2015) |
"The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role of microcracks in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and to discuss an etiological model." | 7.76 | Importance of microcracks in etiology of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a possible pathogenetic model of symptomatic and non-symptomatic osteonecrosis of the jaw based on scanning electron microscopy findings. ( Eufinger, H; Hoefert, S; Schmitz, I; Tannapfel, A, 2010) |
"To conduct a literature review on sodium alendronate, focusing on osteonecrosis of the jaws, a serious potential side effect." | 4.91 | Important aspects concerning alendronate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a literature review. ( Cherubini, K; Figueiredo, MA; Iglesias, JE; Salum, FG, 2015) |
"twenty-three ONJ patients had taken alendronate for osteoporosis treatment, and the s-CTX testing results were low levels of 10-192 pg/ml (mean: 93." | 3.77 | Retrospective study of two biochemical markers for the risk assessment of oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: can they be utilized as risk markers? ( Chung, DJ; Kim, DY; Kwon, YD; Ohe, JY; Park, YD, 2011) |
"The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role of microcracks in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and to discuss an etiological model." | 3.76 | Importance of microcracks in etiology of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a possible pathogenetic model of symptomatic and non-symptomatic osteonecrosis of the jaw based on scanning electron microscopy findings. ( Eufinger, H; Hoefert, S; Schmitz, I; Tannapfel, A, 2010) |
" Little is known of the risks associated with long-term use of oral bisphosphonates despite their use for >10 years by an oral mode of delivery for the treatment of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease of bone." | 2.44 | Effect of long-term oral bisphosphonates on implant wound healing: literature review and a case report. ( McCauley, LK; Wang, HL; Weber, D, 2007) |
"etidronate) have been associated with acute renal failure." | 2.44 | Safety considerations with bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis. ( Civitelli, R; Emkey, R; Strampel, W, 2007) |
"Alendronate was the most frequently implicated (six cases) and risedronate (five cases)." | 1.36 | [Jaw osteonecrosis induced by oral biphosphonates: 12 cases]. ( Barrier, A; Descroix, V; Goudot, P; Lescaille, G; Rigolet, A; Ruhin, B, 2010) |
" Twelve patients who presented with exposed bone associated with bisphosphonates were reviewed to determine the type, dosage and duration of their bisphosphonate therapy, presenting findings, comorbidities and the event that incited the bone exposure." | 1.34 | Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and breast cancer. ( Alati, C; Allegra, A; Alonci, A; Cicciù, M; De Ponte, FS; Musolino, C; Nastro, E; Oteri, G; Quartarone, E, 2007) |
"No osteonecrosis was noted immediately postoperatively or during the follow-up period in 61 patients." | 1.34 | Implant placement with or without simultaneous tooth extraction in patients taking oral bisphosphonates: postoperative healing, early follow-up, and the incidence of complications in two private practices. ( Fugazzotto, PA; Jaffin, R; Kumar, A; Lightfoot, WS, 2007) |
"Sixty-two (52." | 1.33 | Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment. ( Broumand, V; Fortin, M; Marx, RE; Sawatari, Y, 2005) |
"Here we report 29 cases of bone necrosis of the jaws in patients treated with pamidronate (Aredia), zoledronate (Zometa) and alendronate: 15 underwent surgical procedures and 14 occurred spontaneously." | 1.33 | Bone necrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate treatment: a report of twenty-nine cases. ( Bonaninil, M; Corcione, L; Corradi, D; D'Aleo, P; Ferrari, S; Guidotti, R; Manfredi, M; Meleti, M; Merigo, E; Poli, T; Ripasarti, A; Sesenna, E; Vescovi, P; Zanzucchi, E, 2006) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 34 (60.71) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 22 (39.29) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Khominsky, A | 1 |
Lim, M | 1 |
Chiu, WY | 1 |
Lee, JJ | 1 |
Tsai, KS | 1 |
Ulmner, M | 1 |
Jarnbring, F | 1 |
Törring, O | 1 |
Iglesias, JE | 1 |
Salum, FG | 1 |
Figueiredo, MA | 1 |
Cherubini, K | 1 |
Hammarfjord, O | 1 |
Stassen, LF | 1 |
Wong, YK | 1 |
Cheng, JC | 1 |
Sedghizadeh, PP | 1 |
Stanley, K | 1 |
Caligiuri, M | 1 |
Hofkes, S | 1 |
Lowry, B | 1 |
Shuler, CF | 1 |
Thomas, MV | 1 |
Straus, SE | 1 |
Aragon-Ching, JB | 1 |
Ning, YM | 1 |
Chen, CC | 1 |
Latham, L | 1 |
Guadagnini, JP | 1 |
Gulley, JL | 1 |
Arlen, PM | 1 |
Wright, JJ | 1 |
Parnes, H | 1 |
Figg, WD | 1 |
Dahut, WL | 1 |
Geusens, P | 1 |
Lazarovici, TS | 2 |
Yahalom, R | 1 |
Taicher, S | 1 |
Elad, S | 1 |
Hardan, I | 1 |
Yarom, N | 2 |
Stanton, DC | 1 |
Balasanian, E | 1 |
Zahrowski, JJ | 1 |
Harada, A | 1 |
Kunchur, R | 1 |
Need, A | 1 |
Hughes, T | 1 |
Goss, A | 1 |
O'Ryan, FS | 2 |
Khoury, S | 1 |
Liao, W | 1 |
Han, MM | 1 |
Hui, RL | 2 |
Baer, D | 1 |
Martin, D | 2 |
Liberty, D | 1 |
Lo, JC | 2 |
Hoefert, S | 1 |
Schmitz, I | 1 |
Tannapfel, A | 1 |
Eufinger, H | 1 |
Bocanegra-Pérez, S | 1 |
Vicente-Barrero, M | 1 |
Sosa-Henríquez, M | 1 |
Gebaguer Blanco, A | 1 |
Knezevic, M | 1 |
Castellano-Navarro, JM | 1 |
Moynihan, R | 2 |
Gordon, NP | 1 |
Yang, J | 1 |
Hutchinson, M | 1 |
Lathon, PV | 1 |
Sanchez, G | 1 |
Silver, P | 1 |
Chandra, M | 1 |
McCloskey, CA | 1 |
Staffa, JA | 1 |
Willy, M | 1 |
Selby, JV | 1 |
Go, AS | 1 |
Kwon, YD | 2 |
Kim, DY | 2 |
Ohe, JY | 2 |
Yoo, JY | 1 |
Walter, C | 1 |
Chiu, CT | 1 |
Chiang, WF | 1 |
Chuang, CY | 1 |
Chang, SW | 1 |
Migliorati, CA | 1 |
Mattos, K | 1 |
Palazzolo, MJ | 1 |
Scoletta, M | 1 |
Arduino, PG | 2 |
Dalmasso, P | 1 |
Broccoletti, R | 2 |
Mozzati, M | 1 |
Barrier, A | 1 |
Lescaille, G | 1 |
Rigolet, A | 1 |
Descroix, V | 1 |
Goudot, P | 1 |
Ruhin, B | 1 |
Fedele, S | 1 |
Porter, SR | 1 |
D'Aiuto, F | 1 |
Aljohani, S | 1 |
Vescovi, P | 2 |
Manfredi, M | 2 |
Musciotto, A | 1 |
Di Fede, O | 1 |
Campisi, G | 1 |
Chung, DJ | 1 |
Park, YD | 1 |
Grey, A | 1 |
Cheung, A | 1 |
Seeman, E | 1 |
Pazianas, M | 1 |
Chtioui, H | 1 |
Lamine, F | 1 |
Daghfous, R | 1 |
Conte-Neto, N | 1 |
Bastos, AS | 1 |
Spolidorio, LC | 1 |
Marcantonio, RA | 1 |
Marcantonio, E | 1 |
Vestergaard, P | 1 |
Schwartz, K | 1 |
Rejnmark, L | 1 |
Mosekilde, L | 1 |
Pinholt, EM | 1 |
Kang, HS | 1 |
Lee, JW | 1 |
Kim, JS | 1 |
Sharma, V | 1 |
Nagaraj, S | 1 |
Choksey, U | 1 |
Hegde, A | 1 |
Samant, R | 1 |
Balakrishnan, C | 1 |
Bartl, R | 1 |
Woo, SB | 1 |
Hande, K | 1 |
Richardson, PG | 1 |
Sarathy, AP | 1 |
Bourgeois, SL | 1 |
Goodell, GG | 1 |
Marx, RE | 3 |
Sawatari, Y | 1 |
Fortin, M | 1 |
Broumand, V | 1 |
Alexander, RE | 1 |
Ponte Fernández, N | 1 |
Estefania Fresco, R | 1 |
Aguirre Urizar, JM | 1 |
Nastro, E | 1 |
Musolino, C | 1 |
Allegra, A | 1 |
Oteri, G | 1 |
Cicciù, M | 1 |
Alonci, A | 1 |
Quartarone, E | 1 |
Alati, C | 1 |
De Ponte, FS | 1 |
Merigo, E | 1 |
Meleti, M | 1 |
Guidotti, R | 1 |
Ripasarti, A | 1 |
Zanzucchi, E | 1 |
D'Aleo, P | 1 |
Corradi, D | 1 |
Corcione, L | 1 |
Sesenna, E | 1 |
Ferrari, S | 1 |
Poli, T | 1 |
Bonaninil, M | 1 |
Rutkowski, JL | 1 |
Johnson, DA | 1 |
Smith, DM | 1 |
Wang, HL | 1 |
Weber, D | 1 |
McCauley, LK | 1 |
Malden, NJ | 1 |
Pai, AY | 1 |
Løkken, P | 1 |
Skoglund, LA | 1 |
Skjelbred, P | 1 |
Strampel, W | 1 |
Emkey, R | 1 |
Civitelli, R | 1 |
Fugazzotto, PA | 1 |
Lightfoot, WS | 1 |
Jaffin, R | 1 |
Kumar, A | 1 |
Cillo, JE | 1 |
Ulloa, JJ | 1 |
Lee, CY | 1 |
David, T | 1 |
Nishime, M | 1 |
Bianchi, ML | 1 |
Limonta, C | 1 |
Frasunkiewicz, J | 1 |
Biggioggero, M | 1 |
Vai, S | 1 |
Khan, A | 1 |
Engroff, SL | 1 |
Coletti, D | 1 |
10 reviews available for alendronate and Jaw Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
"Spontaneous" medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; two case reports and a systematic review.
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Antineoplastic Agents; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Bone D | 2018 |
Important aspects concerning alendronate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a literature review.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Osteonecrosis | 2015 |
Bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis: determining duration of treatment.
Topics: Alendronate; Animals; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Etidronic Acid; Female; Frac | 2009 |
[Alendronate for treatment of osteoporoses].
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Evidence-Based Medicine; Femoral Fractu | 2009 |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw and the role of macrophages.
Topics: Alendronate; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone | 2011 |
Bisphosphonates and oral pathology I. General and preventive aspects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alendronate; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Re | 2006 |
Effect of long-term oral bisphosphonates on implant wound healing: literature review and a case report.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bo | 2007 |
[Diphosphonate therapy and osteonecrosis of the jaw].
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Dental Care; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; Ja | 2007 |
Safety considerations with bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Administration, Oral; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphospho | 2007 |
Use of platelet-rich plasma in the management of oral biphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a report of 2 cases.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonate | 2007 |
2 trials available for alendronate and Jaw Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
Higher incidence of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with anti-angiogenic agents.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alendronate; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Diphosphonates; Humans; Ibandronic Acid; Incidenc | 2009 |
Clinical investigation of C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide test in prevention and management of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Biomarkers; Bone Density Co | 2009 |
44 other studies available for alendronate and Jaw Diseases
Article | Year |
---|---|
Atypical femoral fractures shortly after osteonecrosis of the jaw in a postmenopausal woman taking alendronate for osteoporosis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Female; Femoral Fractures; Huma | 2013 |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw in Sweden associated with the oral use of bisphosphonate.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bisphosphonate-Associated O | 2014 |
Bisphosphonate therapy and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: is there a relationship? A case report.
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Ankylosis; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Radiography, Panoramic; | 2014 |
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws--report of 2 cases and strategies on prevention and management.
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; | 2008 |
Oral bisphosphonate use and the prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw: an institutional inquiry.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Female | 2009 |
Evidence-based dentistry and the concept of harm.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Clinical Competence; Databases | 2009 |
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a single-center study of 101 patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Anti-Bac | 2009 |
Outcome of surgical management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: review of 33 surgical cases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Femal | 2009 |
Oral bisphosphonates.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Female; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Osteonecrosis; Osteopor | 2009 |
Intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: bone scintigraphy as an early indicator.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Early Diagnosis | 2009 |
Importance of microcracks in etiology of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a possible pathogenetic model of symptomatic and non-symptomatic osteonecrosis of the jaw based on scanning electron microscopy findings.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Connective Tissue; Di | 2010 |
[Osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to oral alendronate: Report of three cases].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2009 |
Battle over popular bone drug Fosamax bursts into court.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Drug Industry; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Legislation, Dru | 2009 |
US judge rules Merck won't face "punitive damages" in first Fosamax case.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Drug Industry; Humans; Jaw Diseases; | 2009 |
Prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with oral bisphosphonate exposure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; California; Cross-Section | 2010 |
Correlation between serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and staging of oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Biomarkers; Bone Density Conservation Ag | 2009 |
Resolution of oral bisphosphonate and steroid-related osteonecrosis of the jaw--a serial case analysis.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bo | 2010 |
How patients' lack of knowledge about oral bisphosphonates can interfere with medical and dental care.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density; Bone Density Conser | 2010 |
Treatment outcomes in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a prospective study.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alendronate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Chroni | 2010 |
[Jaw osteonecrosis induced by oral biphosphonates: 12 cases].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Autoimmu | 2010 |
Nonexposed variant of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case series.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Dip | 2010 |
Retrospective study of two biochemical markers for the risk assessment of oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: can they be utilized as risk markers?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Biomarkers; Bone Density Conservation Ag | 2011 |
Teriparatide for bone loss in the jaw.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Regeneration; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; | 2010 |
Teriparatide therapy for alendronate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Regeneration; Female; Humans; | 2010 |
Teriparatide therapy for osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Regeneration; Drug Interactions; H | 2011 |
Oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a critical discussion and two case reports.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Di | 2011 |
Oral bisphosphonate use increases the risk for inflammatory jaw disease: a cohort study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alcoholism; Alendronate; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the | 2012 |
Dental sinus tracts mimicking scrofuloderma: cutaneous presentation of underlying bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cutaneous Fistula; Diagnosis, Differential; Dip | 2011 |
Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Female; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Osteonecro | 2011 |
[Inflammation of the jaws during treatment with bisphosphonates].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Diseas | 2011 |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates.
Topics: Alendronate; Animals; Diphosphonates; Humans; Imidazoles; Jaw Diseases; Osteonecrosis; Osteoporosis; | 2005 |
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws and endodontic treatment: two case reports.
Topics: Aged; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Humans; Imidazoles; Jaw Disease | 2005 |
Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment.
Topics: Abscess; Alendronate; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Breas | 2005 |
Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Contraindications; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D | 2006 |
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and breast cancer.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Diphosphonates; Fem | 2007 |
Bone necrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate treatment: a report of twenty-nine cases.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bone Density Conserv | 2006 |
Clinical concerns of alendronate use.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Contraindications; Dose-Response Rel | 2007 |
Oral bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: three case reports.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bo | 2007 |
Implant placement with or without simultaneous tooth extraction in patients taking oral bisphosphonates: postoperative healing, early follow-up, and the incidence of complications in two private practices.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Dental | 2007 |
Oral bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis: risk factors, prediction of risk using serum CTX testing, prevention, and treatment.
Topics: Alendronate; Biomarkers; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Collagen Type I; Diphosphonates; Etidroni | 2007 |
Comment on: Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Alendronate; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphosphonates; Dose- | 2008 |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw: new developments in an old disease.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eti | 2008 |
Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the palate: report of a case managed with free tissue transfer.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alendronate; Anastomosis, Surgical; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Fe | 2008 |
Clinical concerns of alendronate use.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; H | 2008 |