aldosterone and Hypokalemia studies

Hypokalemia: Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This presentation is a summary of our recent clinical studies on the therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism."	9.05	The therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. ( Griffing, GT; Melby, JC, 1983)
"The effects of amiloride hydrochloride on thiazide-induced hypokalemia were evaluated."	9.05	Response of thiazide-induced hypokalemia to amiloride. ( Chan, L; Maronde, RF; Milgrom, M; Vlachakis, ND, 1983)
"15 patients who had benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, were treated with chlorthiazide (500 mg twice a day) with or without propranolol (10--20 mg 4 times a day), and the effect of the treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, total body potassium (TBK) and plasma sodium and potassium was evaluated."	9.04	The renin-aldosterone system and thiazide-induced depletion of total body potassium in essential hypertension. ( Carroll, HJ; Oh, MS, 1978)
"Six adult patients (4 females and 2 males, age range 26-57 years) with Gitelman's syndrome (GS) were treated with spironolactone 200-300 mg/day (n = 5) and/or amiloride 10-30 mg/day (n = 3) for 1-18 months."	7.69	Correction of hypokalemia with antialdosterone therapy in Gitelman's syndrome. ( Colussi, G; De Ferrari, ME; Macaluso, M; Minetti, L; Rombolà, G, 1994)
"A case of primary aldosteronism treated with spironolactone therapy has been followed up for 24 years."	7.68	Twenty-four year spironolactone therapy in an aged patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma. ( Hashimoto, T; Ito, Y; Koshida, H; Miyamori, I; Morimoto, S; Morise, T; Takeda, R; Yamazaki, T, 1992)
" This study was designed to determine the dose-response effects of systemic epinephrine infusion on the relationship of PRA and plasma aldosterone concentration."	6.68	Role of epinephrine-induced hypokalemia in the regulation of renin and aldosterone in humans. ( Friedrich, R; Kolloch, RE; Kruse, HJ; Overlack, A; Ruppert, M; Stumpe, KO, 1996)
"In 83 women with preterm labor randomly assigned to ritodrine (N = 42) or terbutaline (N = 41), the maximum decrease in plasma potassium occurred after six hours of drug infusion."	6.68	Ritodrine- and terbutaline-induced hypokalemia in preterm labor: mechanisms and consequences. ( Braden, GL; Germain, MJ; Haag, BL; von Oeyen, PT; Watson, DJ, 1997)
"After genetic analysis, a diagnosis of Liddle syndrome was made due to the presence of a p."	5.91	A case report of a young boy with low renin and high aldosterone levels induced by Liddle syndrome who was previously misdiagnosed with primary aldosteronism. ( Jin, Y; Qiu, W; Yao, J, 2023)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is considered the number one aetiology for secondary hypertension."	5.91	Duplicated adrenal veins in primary aldosteronism misdiagnosed with ectopic aldosteronoma due to apparent bilateral aldosterone suppression. ( Chen, K; Fan, C; Fang, T; Liu, H; Quan, H; Wei, W; Yu, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)
"Atypical Liddle syndrome can be easily misdiagnosed due to its clinical phenotypes resembling hyperaldosteronism."	5.91	Liddle syndrome presenting with normal aldosterone levels: A case report. ( Pan, R; Wang, R; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2023)
"Primary aldosteronism patients aged <35 years with hypokalaemia and elevation of aldosterone and unilateral disease on adrenal CT could be spared AVS."	5.48	Accuracy of adrenal computed tomography in predicting the unilateral subtype in young patients with hypokalaemia and elevation of aldosterone in primary aldosteronism. ( Fujii, Y; Ichijo, T; Inagaki, N; Itoh, H; Kamemura, K; Katabami, T; Kawashima, J; Kobayashi, H; Kurihara, I; Matsuda, Y; Miyauchi, S; Naruse, M; Ogasawara, T; Ogawa, Y; Ogo, A; Okamura, S; Otsuki, M; Shibata, H; Shibayama, Y; Sone, M; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, K; Takeda, Y; Tsuiki, M; Umakoshi, H; Wada, N; Watanabe, M; Yamamto, K; Yanase, T; Yoshimoto, T, 2018)
"Consecutive patients with diagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism from June 2006 to July 2012 in our center underwent adrenal surgeries without pre-operational adrenal venous sampling (AVS) if all the three criteria were met: (1) round- or oval-shaped occupational lesion of low density after contrast enhancement with diameter >1 cm on CT scan was located in one adrenal gland; (2) unequivocally normal contralateral adrenal gland; (3) serum potassium level lower than 3."	5.46	Favorable surgical outcomes of aldosterone-producing adenoma based on lateralization by CT imaging and hypokalemia: a non-AVS-based strategy. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, J; Liu, L; Wei, G, 2017)
"All primary aldosteronism patients were diagnosed by autonomous aldosterone secretion using confirmatory tests, and then divided into nPA (n = 130) and primary aldosteronism patients with high PAC (hPA: n = 162) using a PAC cutoff level of less than 443 pmol/l (16 ng/dl), representing the normal upper limit of PAC."	5.46	Plasma aldosterone level within the normal range is less associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in primary aldosteronism. ( Hamasaki, T; Hashimoto, K; Hayashi, RD; Kajimoto, Y; Kitamura, T; Kouhara, H; Kurebayashi, S; Mukai, K; Murata, M; Nakao, M; Otsuki, M; Shimomura, I; Takeiri, S; Tamada, D; Yamamoto, T, 2017)
"Eplerenone treatment of patients with PA reduces blood pressure, increases serum potassium level, and improves vascular status."	5.43	Eplerenone improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with primary aldosteronism. ( Anzai, K; Kawate, H; Matsuda, Y; Matsuzaki, C; Nomura, M; Ohnaka, K; Sakamoto, R; Shibue, K; Takayanagi, R, 2016)
"Hypokalemia was a delayed complication of DKA treatment in the PCCU, associated with high K(+) and Na(+) excretion rates and a prolonged infusion of high doses of insulin."	5.39	Hypokalemia during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis: clinical evidence for an aldosterone-like action of insulin. ( Bohn, D; Carlotti, AP; Halperin, ML; St George-Hyslop, C, 2013)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a possible cause of endocrine hypertension."	5.37	[Aldosterone/renin ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism]. ( Catay, E; Honnorat, E; Izquierdo, A; Popescu, BM; Ríos, MC; Rodríguez Cuimbra, S; Sotelo, M, 2011)
"Rhabdomyolysis is a rare presentation of hypokalemia, although muscle weakness is a well known manifestation of marked hypokalemia."	5.35	An unusual case of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma presenting with rhabdomyolysis. ( Ahmetoğlu, A; Bahat, E; Imamoğlu, M; Karagüzel, G; Okten, A; Yildiz, K, 2009)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension, caused by gain-of-function mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) which is expressed in aldosterone target tissues including the distal colon."	5.35	Aldosterone responsiveness of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in colon is increased in a mouse model for Liddle's syndrome. ( Bertog, M; Cuffe, JE; Hartner, A; Hilgers, KF; Hummler, E; Korbmacher, C; Porst, M; Pradervand, S; Rossier, BC, 2008)
"Here we describe a 13-yr-old girl with primary hyperaldosteronism secondary to aldosterone-secreting adenoma."	5.34	An additional child case of an aldosterone-producing adenoma with an atypical presentation of peripheral paralysis due to hypokalemia. ( Acikalin, MF; Dinleyici, EC; Dogruel, N; Ilhan, H; Oztelcan, B; Tokar, B, 2007)
"Primary aldosteronism has recently been recognized as the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension."	5.33	Confirmatory testing in normokalaemic primary aldosteronism: the value of the saline infusion test and urinary aldosterone metabolites. ( Beuschlein, F; Maser-Gluth, C; Nickel, C; Reincke, M; Rüdiger, F; Schirpenbach, C; Seiler, L, 2006)
"We report a rare case of adrenocortical carcinoma."	5.32	Co-secretion of aldosterone and cortisol by an adrenocortical carcinoma. ( Azizlerli, H; Kapran, Y; Kurtulmus, N; Yarman, S, 2004)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of hypertension that resembles primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized by the early onset of hypertension with hypokalemia and suppression of both PRA and aldosterone, and is caused by mutations in the carboxyl-terminus of the beta- or gamma-subunits of the renal epithelial sodium channel."	5.30	Liddle's syndrome: prospective genetic screening and suppressed aldosterone secretion in an extended kindred. ( Findling, JW; Hansson, JH; Lifton, RP; Raff, H, 1997)
"Our studies revealed selective hypoaldosteronism with normal adrenoglucocorticoid function."	5.28	Selective hypoaldosteronism in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome: insensitivity to angiotensin II. ( Asano, Y; Koyama, K; Muto, S; Nonaka, K; Ohbu, E; Okita, N; Otabe, S; Yamada, K, 1991)
"Primary aldosteronism is a potentially curable cause of hypertension; it occurs in about 1% of hypertensive patients."	5.27	'Essential' hypertension with hypokalemia. Caused by aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma. ( Almog, C; Burke, M; Papo, J; Stavorovsky, M, 1984)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone for 2 months corrected hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and all laboratory and radiologic evidence of rickets and hyperparathyroidism, resulting in acceleration of growth rate."	5.27	Spironolactone-reversible rickets associated with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome. ( Arnhold, IJ; Batista, MC; Bloise, W; Kater, CE; Mendonça, BB; Nicolau, W; Rocha, A, 1986)
"Low-renin hypertension was diagnosed by the presence of hypertension, hypokalaemic alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity and low plasma aldosterone."	5.26	Low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension and abnormal cortisol metabolism in a 19-month-old child. ( Fiselier, TJ; Honour, JW; Monnens, LA; Otten, BJ; van Munster, PJ, 1982)
") method and urinary concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KPGF), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) by the RIA method were estimated during hypotonic polyuria (oral water load) and subsequent moderate antidiuresis induced by low-dose infusion of lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP)."	5.07	Interactions between the renin-angiotensin system and prostanoids in modulating renal function in potassium-depleted healthy women. ( Agnoli, GC; Borgatti, R; Cacciari, M; Garutti, C; Ikonomu, E; Lenzi, P; Marinelli, M, 1994)
"This presentation is a summary of our recent clinical studies on the therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism."	5.05	The therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. ( Griffing, GT; Melby, JC, 1983)
"The effects of amiloride hydrochloride on thiazide-induced hypokalemia were evaluated."	5.05	Response of thiazide-induced hypokalemia to amiloride. ( Chan, L; Maronde, RF; Milgrom, M; Vlachakis, ND, 1983)
" To assess the effect of potassium repletion in hypokalemic hypertension, we administered either potassium chloride, 60 mmol per day, or placebo tablets, each for six weeks, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial to 16 hypertensive patients who had diuretic-induced hypokalemia and who continued to take a constant amount of diuretic."	5.05	Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced hypokalemia. ( Carnegie, A; Heller, JA; Kaplan, NM; Raskin, P; Simmons, M, 1985)
"15 patients who had benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, were treated with chlorthiazide (500 mg twice a day) with or without propranolol (10--20 mg 4 times a day), and the effect of the treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, total body potassium (TBK) and plasma sodium and potassium was evaluated."	5.04	The renin-aldosterone system and thiazide-induced depletion of total body potassium in essential hypertension. ( Carroll, HJ; Oh, MS, 1978)
" Diagnosis relies on a triad of hypertension, hypokalemia and suppressed plasma aldosterone levels, plus an abnormal urinary cortisol to cortisone ratio, either free steroid or metabolites."	4.95	Apparent mineralocorticoid excess. ( Funder, JW, 2017)
" A provisional diagnosis of Liddle's syndrome was established and the patient was successfully treated with triamterene."	4.80	Liddle's syndrome in an elderly woman. ( Furukawa, K; Harada, T; Ikeda, S; Iwasaki, T; Kohno, S; Matsushita, M; Matsushita, T; Miyahara, Y; Miyazaki, M; Naito, T; Ogata, H; Ohzono, Y; Yakabe, K; Yamaguchi, K, 1998)
" Digitalis and succinylcholine, by producing efflux of potassium from cells, may cause hyperkalemia."	4.76	Internal potassium balance and the control of the plasma potassium concentration. ( Cox, M; Feig, PU; Singer, I; Sterns, RH, 1981)
"Doxapram-induced hypokalemia may be due to an inappropriate increase in aldosterone levels."	3.88	Blood potassium and urine aldosterone after doxapram therapy for preterm infants. ( Itani, Y; Shibasaki, J; Shimokaze, T; Toyoshima, K, 2018)
"Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is used to manage hypertension and heart failure; however, its side effects include mild hypokalemia, metabolic abnormalities, and volume depletion, which might have deleterious effects on renal and endothelial function."	3.74	Thiazide-induced subtle renal injury not observed in states of equivalent hypokalemia. ( Byer, K; Croker, BP; Hu, H; Johnson, RJ; Mu, W; Nakagawa, T; Patel, JM; Reungjui, S; Roncal, CA; Simoni, J; Sitprija, V; Srinivas, T; Wesson, D, 2007)
" The combination of FAD 286 A (30 mg/kg) and furosemide (30 mg/kg) on the HS diet corrected the diuretic-induced hypokalemia (4."	3.73	Investigation of aldosterone-synthase inhibition in rats. ( Bissery, A; Gonzalez, MF; Guyene, TT; Ménard, J, 2006)
" Laboratory results showed an elevated antinuclear antibody titer; antibodies to the ribonucleoprotein antigen Ro; hypokalemia; hypomagnesemia with hyperreninemia, but abnormally high urine potassium and magnesium levels and low urine calcium levels; and a blunted diuretic effect to thiazide, but not furosemide, which met the criteria for Gitelman's syndrome (GS) and led to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS)."	3.72	Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with Gitelman's syndrome presenting with muscular paralysis. ( Chen, YC; Li, HY; Lin, CC; Lin, SH; Yang, AH; Yang, WC, 2003)
" Furosemide was administered orally because of hyperpotassemia during the period between 1 month and 7 months of age."	3.69	[Pseudo-Bartter syndrome without hypopotassemia: a case with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and congenital contralateral hyronephrosis]. ( Fushimi, N; Hayashi, Y; Kohri, K; Kojima, Y; Mogami, T; Sasaki, S; Tsugaya, M, 1995)
"Six adult patients (4 females and 2 males, age range 26-57 years) with Gitelman's syndrome (GS) were treated with spironolactone 200-300 mg/day (n = 5) and/or amiloride 10-30 mg/day (n = 3) for 1-18 months."	3.69	Correction of hypokalemia with antialdosterone therapy in Gitelman's syndrome. ( Colussi, G; De Ferrari, ME; Macaluso, M; Minetti, L; Rombolà, G, 1994)
"A case of primary aldosteronism treated with spironolactone therapy has been followed up for 24 years."	3.68	Twenty-four year spironolactone therapy in an aged patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma. ( Hashimoto, T; Ito, Y; Koshida, H; Miyamori, I; Morimoto, S; Morise, T; Takeda, R; Yamazaki, T, 1992)
" A 64-year-old woman with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma developed persistent hypokalemia following a course of Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Adriamycin (doxorubicin), vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-Bleo."	3.67	Potassium-wasting nephropathy secondary to chemotherapy simulating Bartter's syndrome. ( Floyd, M; Lieber, IH; McGuffin, WL; Stoneburner, SD, 1984)
"To compare the effect of amiloride with that of oral potassium chloride (KCl) in hypokalemia, metabolic balance studies were carried out in hospitalized subjects with mild hypertension without edema who developed negative potassium balance after 4 days on hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)."	3.67	Oral potassium chloride and amiloride in hydrochlorothiazide-induced potassium loss. ( Barr, J; Chan, L; Maronde, RF; Spencer, CA; Vlachakis, ND, 1984)
" In its severe form, hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis are present, owing to increased secretion of the sodium-retaining corticoids, corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone."	3.67	Cortisol resistance in man. ( Brandon, DD; Chrousos, GP; De Vroede, MM; Lipsett, MB; Loriaux, DL; Tomita, M, 1986)
"A new syndrome, characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, aldosterone, high urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion, normal BP, and resistance of BP to angiotensin II is described in three of four siblings."	3.66	A sibship with hypokalemic alkalosis and renal proximal tubulopathy. ( Bartter, FC; Dickman, PS; Gill, JR; Güllner, HG; Tiwari, JL; Wilson, CB, 1983)
"A 57-year-old male developed hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia during the course of repeated gentamicin therapy."	3.66	Symptomatic hypomagnesemia associated with gentamicin therapy. ( Patel, R; Savage, A, 1979)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are clinical conditions that increase cardiovascular risk."	3.01	Secondary diabetes mellitus due to primary aldosteronism. ( Moustaki, M; Paschou, SA; Vakali, EC; Vryonidou, A, 2023)
" Therefore, we aimed to assess whether new potassium binders are effective and safe to promote medical optimization in patients with HF."	3.01	Safety and efficacy of new potassium binders on hyperkalemia management in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Carvalho, PEP; Gewehr, DM; Lacerda, H; Nunes, MCP; Simões E Silva, AC; Tofanelli, MR; Veiga, TMA, 2023)
" We recruited 10 healthy volunteers in order to study the effects of 32 g liquorice alone or in combination with 25mg hydrochlorothiazide a day for 2 weeks."	2.74	Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. ( Hukkanen, J; Savolainen, MJ; Ukkola, O, 2009)
"In 83 women with preterm labor randomly assigned to ritodrine (N = 42) or terbutaline (N = 41), the maximum decrease in plasma potassium occurred after six hours of drug infusion."	2.68	Ritodrine- and terbutaline-induced hypokalemia in preterm labor: mechanisms and consequences. ( Braden, GL; Germain, MJ; Haag, BL; von Oeyen, PT; Watson, DJ, 1997)
"Hypokalemia is closely linked with the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism (PA)."	2.66	Hypokalemia and the Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism. ( Beuschlein, F; Gruber, S, 2020)
"Metabolic acidosis is defined as a pathologic process that, when unopposed, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the body and reduces the bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration."	2.61	Hyperchloremic normal gap metabolic acidosis. ( Clegg, DJ; Palmer, BF, 2019)
"Moreover, primary aldosteronism patients are exposed to an increased risk of cardio and cerebrovascular events and metabolic comorbidities compared with patients affected by essential hypertension."	2.58	Primary aldosteronism in the primary care setting. ( Buffolo, F; Monticone, S; Mulatero, P; Tetti, M, 2018)
" An assessment of dose-response was also undertaken."	2.55	The association between consistent licorice ingestion, hypertension and hypokalaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Eslick, EM; Eslick, GD; Penninkilampi, R, 2017)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by autonomic aldosterone production, usually leading to severe hypertension and hypokalaemia."	2.52	[Primary aldosteronism: new insights into familial forms]. ( Claahsen van der Grinten, HL; Danser, AH; Deinum, J; van den Meiracker, AH; van der Linde, AA, 2015)
"The identification of primary aldosteronism as a common cause of resistant hypertension is a significant advance in our ability to care for patients with hypertension."	2.49	Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism. ( Weiner, ID, 2013)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) seems to be a pathogenetically heterogenous disease."	2.49	Primary aldosteronism: a new insight into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in hypertensive patients. ( Hyla-Klekot, L; Kokot, F, 2013)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is characterized by an increased Aldosterone synthesis which is independent of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS)."	2.48	[Primay hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic and treatment]. ( Beuschlein, F; Potthoff, SA; Vonend, O, 2012)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism is a growing cause of apparently essential hypertension (until 15 % of patients with hypertension)."	2.45	[Primary hyperaldosteronisms: from diagnosis to treatment]. ( Carnaille, B; Douillard, C; Mounier-Vehier, C; Wémeau, JL, 2009)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism is the most common secondary form of hypertension."	2.44	[Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism]. ( Bidlingmaier, M; Diederich, S; Quinkler, M; Reincke, M, 2007)
"Hyperaldosteronism is now recognized as the most common secondary cause and all patients with resistant hypertension should be screened with a plasma aldosterone-renin ratio even if the serum potassium level is normal."	2.44	Resistant hypertension and aldosteronism. ( Calhoun, DA; Pimenta, E, 2007)
"Primary aldosteronism is caused by bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia in approximately two-thirds of cases and aldosterone-producing adenoma in one-third."	2.43	Primary aldosteronism: diagnostic and treatment strategies. ( Mattsson, C; Young, WF, 2006)
"Aldosterone levels were not increased in any of the cases when measured."	2.42	Hypokalemia and alkalosis in adipsic hypernatremia are not associated with hyperaldosteronism. ( Chalew, SA; Deputy, S; Rambeau, F; Torchinsky, MY, 2004)
"Primary aldosteronism is a disorder characterized by hypertension and, in more severe form, hypokalemia, due to autonomous aldosterone secretion from the adrenocortical zona glomerulosa."	2.41	New genetic insights in familial hyperaldosteronism. ( Jackson, RV; Lafferty, A; Stratakis, C; Torpy, DJ, 2002)
"The two major subtypes of primary aldosteronism are unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia (IHA)."	2.41	Primary aldosteronism: management issues. ( Young, WF, 2002)
"Renal tubular acidosis is a constellation of syndromes arising from different derangements of tubular acid transport."	2.41	Renal tubular acidosis syndromes. ( Kurtzman, NA, 2000)
"2."	2.41	Familial varieties of primary aldosteronism. ( Gordon, RD; Gunasekera, TG; Stowasser, M, 2001)
"We report a rare case of primary hyperaldosteronism due to a unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma in an 11-year-old female patient."	2.39	Aldosterone-secreting adrenal cortical adenoma in an 11-year-old child and collective review of the literature. ( Chi, CS; Li, JT; Shu, SG, 1994)
"Hyperaldosteronism owing to aldosterone-producing adenoma (Conn syndrome) is a rare but potentially curable form of pediatric hypertension."	2.39	Conn syndrome in a child, caused by adrenal adenoma. ( Abasiyanik, A; Calişkan, U; Erkul, I; Kaymakçi, A; Oran, B; Yaşar, C, 1996)
" Suitable techniques for the investigation of secondary aldosteronism of unknown cause and for primary and secondary hypoaldosteronism are described, as well as the adjustment of dosage for replacement therapy where mineralocorticoid secretion is deficient."	2.37	Disorders of mineralocorticoid activity. ( Drury, PL, 1985)
"The syndrome is manifested by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis often associated with hypokalemia."	2.36	Distal renal tubular acidosis: pathogenesis and classification. ( Batlle, D; Kurtzman, NA, 1982)
"Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) is responsible for 60% of primary aldosteronism (PA) cases."	1.91	Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism Due to Bilateral Adrenal Disease Can Result in Resolution of Hypokalemia and Amelioration of Hypertension. ( Bancos, I; Dy, BM; Foster, TR; Lyden, ML; McKenzie, TJ; Shariq, OA; Szabo Yamashita, T; Young, WF, 2023)
"After genetic analysis, a diagnosis of Liddle syndrome was made due to the presence of a p."	1.91	A case report of a young boy with low renin and high aldosterone levels induced by Liddle syndrome who was previously misdiagnosed with primary aldosteronism. ( Jin, Y; Qiu, W; Yao, J, 2023)
"Hypokalemia was cured in all patients in the normal PAC group after adrenalectomy compared with 98% of patients in the high PAC group (100% vs 98%, P = 1)."	1.91	Adrenal Vein Sampling Results and Surgical Outcomes in Patients with a Normal Plasma Aldosterone Concentration. ( Cohen, DL; Fraker, D; Hung, ML; Trerotola, SO; Wachtel, H, 2023)
"Hypertension plus obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recommended in some guidelines as an indication to screen for primary aldosteronism (PA), yet prior data has brought the validity of this recommendation into question."	1.91	Screening for Primary Aldosteronism Among Hypertensive Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Population-Based Study. ( Agharazii, M; Goupil, R; Hundemer, GL; Imsirovic, H; Kendzerska, T; Kline, GA; Knoll, G; Leung, AA; Madore, F; Sood, MM; Vaidya, A, 2023)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is considered the number one aetiology for secondary hypertension."	1.91	Duplicated adrenal veins in primary aldosteronism misdiagnosed with ectopic aldosteronoma due to apparent bilateral aldosterone suppression. ( Chen, K; Fan, C; Fang, T; Liu, H; Quan, H; Wei, W; Yu, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)
"However, obesity has an independent deleterious impact on improvement in blood pressure post-adrenalectomy for PA."	1.91	The Impact of Obesity on the Resolution of Hypertension Following Adrenalectomy for Primary Hyperaldosteronism. ( Chidambaram, S; Damji, S; Di Marco, AN; Meeran, K; Palazzo, F; Todd, J; Van Den Heede, K; Wernig, F, 2023)
"Atypical Liddle syndrome can be easily misdiagnosed due to its clinical phenotypes resembling hyperaldosteronism."	1.91	Liddle syndrome presenting with normal aldosterone levels: A case report. ( Pan, R; Wang, R; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2023)
"Primary aldosteronism is a common, yet highly underdiagnosed, cause of hypertension that leads to disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease."	1.72	Screening Rates for Primary Aldosteronism Among Individuals With Hypertension Plus Hypokalemia: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Agharazii, M; Goupil, R; Hundemer, GL; Imsirovic, H; Knoll, G; Madore, F; Sood, MM; Vaidya, A; Yozamp, N, 2022)
"Spironolactone was initiated."	1.72	Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: A diagnosis beyond classical causes of severe hypertension in a child. ( Baltu, D; Çelik Ertaş, NB; Duzova, A; Gönç, N; Gulhan, B; Ozcan, HN; Özdemir, G; Ünsal, Y; Utine, E, 2022)
"Background Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common but under-recognized cause of secondary hypertension."	1.72	Primary Aldosteronism Screening Rates Differ with Sex, Race, and Comorbidities. ( Grigoryan, S; Holevinski, L; Liu, H; Nhan, W; Turcu, AF; Urban, C; Zhang, L; Zhao, L, 2022)
"Type III Bartter syndrome (BS), often known as classic Bartter syndrome is caused by variants in CLCNKB gene, which encoding the basolateral chloride channel protein ClC-Kb, and is characterized by renal salt wasting, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, increased renin, and aldosterone levels."	1.72	A novel CLCNKB variant in a Chinese family with classic Bartter syndrome and prenatal genetic diagnosis. ( Liu, S; Tan, Y; Wang, H; Xiang, Q; Xiao, X; Xie, H; Yang, M; Zhao, Q, 2022)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) represents the most frequent cause of endocrine arterial hypertension."	1.72	Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients in Primary Care. ( Asbach, E; Bekeran, M; Bidlingmaier, M; Kellnar, A; Reincke, M; Schelling, J, 2022)
"BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome, is a clinical condition caused by excessive production of aldosterone."	1.62	Hypokalemia-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Caused by Adrenal Tumor-Related Primary Aldosteronism: A Report of 2 Cases. ( Chen, CT; Lin, CM; Wang, YC, 2021)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is notably an independent risk factor for cerebral vascular disease but currently with limited knowledge among young adults."	1.56	Primary aldosteronism in young adults with acute stroke: Prevalence and clinical characteristics. ( Chen, H; Cheng, Q; Du, Z; He, W; Hu, J; Li, Q; Luo, T; Ma, L; Mei, M; Song, Y; Tang, Z; Wang, Z; Yang, S, 2020)
"Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder manifested by a defect in sodium-potassium-chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle with different genetic origins and molecular pathophysiology."	1.56	Antenatal Bartter Syndrome: A Case Report. ( Akther, M; Dey, SK; Jahan, I; Mannan, MA; Moni, SC; Shabuj, KH; Shahidullah, M, 2020)
"Aldosterone/renin ratio was available in 1473 patients, and abnormal in 374 (25."	1.51	Rates of abnormal aldosterone/renin ratio in African-origin compared to European-origin patients: A retrospective study. ( Abadi, S; Ahmed, KS; Behan, LA; Bogdanet, D; Boran, G; Dineen, R; Gibney, J; Sherlock, M; Woods, CP, 2019)
"Using a large database of primary aldosteronism patients in Japan, we analyzed 2122 patients with successful ACTH-AVS."	1.51	Influence of antihypertensive drugs in the subtype diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by adrenal venous sampling. ( Akasaka, H; Fujii, Y; Fujita, M; Ichijo, T; Inagaki, N; Itoh, H; Kamemura, K; Katabami, T; Kawamura, T; Kawashima, J; Kobayashi, H; Kurihara, I; Matsuda, Y; Miyauchi, S; Nagasawa, M; Naruse, M; Ogawa, Y; Ogo, A; Okamura, S; Otsuki, M; Rakugi, H; Shibata, H; Shibayama, Y; Sone, M; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, K; Takeda, M; Takeda, Y; Tsuiki, M; Umakoshi, H; Wada, N; Watanabe, M; Yamamoto, K; Yanase, T; Yoshimoto, T, 2019)
"Current clinical guidelines of primary aldosteronism recommend adrenalectomy (AdX) for unilateral primary aldosteronism based on the studies showing the potential superiority of AdX over the medical treatment."	1.51	Clinical and biochemical outcomes after adrenalectomy and medical treatment in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism. ( Fujii, Y; Fujita, M; Fukuda, H; Ichijo, T; Inagaki, N; Ito, H; Kamemura, K; Katabami, T; Kawashima, J; Kobayashi, H; Kurihara, I; Matsuda, Y; Naruse, M; Ogawa, Y; Ogo, A; Otsuki, M; Shibata, H; Shibayama, Y; Sone, M; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, K; Takeda, Y; Tanaka, Y; Tsuiki, M; Tsukiyama, H; Wada, N; Watanabe, M; Yamamoto, K; Yanase, T; Yoshimoto, T, 2019)
"The diagnostic criteria of primary aldosteronism were plasma aldosterone concentration-to-plasma renin activity ratio [ARR, (ng/dl)/(ng/ml per h)] at least 20 and at least one positive result in four types of challenge tests."	1.48	Screening of primary aldosteronism by clinical features and daily laboratory tests: combination of urine pH, sex, and serum K. ( Ando, T; Endo, T; Fukuhara, S; Fukuma, S; Hasegawa, T; Koyama, M; Mita, T; Miura, T; Moniwa, N; Ohno, K; Ohnuma, Y; Shimizu, S; Takada, A; Tobisawa, T; Togashi, N; Tsuchida, A; Yamashita, T; Yoshida, H, 2018)
"Primary aldosteronism patients aged <35 years with hypokalaemia and elevation of aldosterone and unilateral disease on adrenal CT could be spared AVS."	1.48	Accuracy of adrenal computed tomography in predicting the unilateral subtype in young patients with hypokalaemia and elevation of aldosterone in primary aldosteronism. ( Fujii, Y; Ichijo, T; Inagaki, N; Itoh, H; Kamemura, K; Katabami, T; Kawashima, J; Kobayashi, H; Kurihara, I; Matsuda, Y; Miyauchi, S; Naruse, M; Ogasawara, T; Ogawa, Y; Ogo, A; Okamura, S; Otsuki, M; Shibata, H; Shibayama, Y; Sone, M; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, K; Takeda, Y; Tsuiki, M; Umakoshi, H; Wada, N; Watanabe, M; Yamamto, K; Yanase, T; Yoshimoto, T, 2018)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension."	1.48	Primary aldosteronism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: Is screening appropriate for everyone? ( Athyros, VG; Doumas, M; Finitsis, S; Georgopoulou, V; Imprialos, KP; Kamparoudis, A; Karagiannis, A; Katsiki, N; Papadopoulos, C; Petidis, K; Petras, P; Stavropoulos, K, 2018)
"Cases of PA with malignant arrhythmia as the first symptom have been reported."	1.48	Aldosteronism with mild hypokalemia presenting as life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: A case report. ( Cai, Q; Li, H; Shao, D; Wang, S; Zhang, R; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Y; Zhou, S, 2018)
"Exploration showed primary hyperaldosteronism (aldosterone = 2645 pmol/l, aldosterone/renin ratio = 327 pmol/MUI), with hypersecretion of glucocorticoids."	1.48	[Corticosurrenaloma: an exceptional cause of primary hyperaldosteronism]. ( Alaya, W; Ammari, FL; Arfa, S; Berriche, O; Boubaker, F; Charrada, I; Elati, Z; Sfar, MH; Zantour, B, 2018)
"were enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes between February 2008 and December 2013."	1.46	Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dahlqvist, S; Eggertsen, R; Eliasson, B; Imberg, H; Johannsson, G; Lind, M; Lindblad, U; Tancredi, M, 2017)
"Consecutive patients with diagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism from June 2006 to July 2012 in our center underwent adrenal surgeries without pre-operational adrenal venous sampling (AVS) if all the three criteria were met: (1) round- or oval-shaped occupational lesion of low density after contrast enhancement with diameter >1 cm on CT scan was located in one adrenal gland; (2) unequivocally normal contralateral adrenal gland; (3) serum potassium level lower than 3."	1.46	Favorable surgical outcomes of aldosterone-producing adenoma based on lateralization by CT imaging and hypokalemia: a non-AVS-based strategy. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, J; Liu, L; Wei, G, 2017)
"Liddle syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic form of hypertension."	1.46	Liddle syndrome: clinical and genetic profiles. ( Cui, Y; Jiang, J; Li, C; Tong, A; Wang, F, 2017)
"All primary aldosteronism patients were diagnosed by autonomous aldosterone secretion using confirmatory tests, and then divided into nPA (n = 130) and primary aldosteronism patients with high PAC (hPA: n = 162) using a PAC cutoff level of less than 443 pmol/l (16 ng/dl), representing the normal upper limit of PAC."	1.46	Plasma aldosterone level within the normal range is less associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in primary aldosteronism. ( Hamasaki, T; Hashimoto, K; Hayashi, RD; Kajimoto, Y; Kitamura, T; Kouhara, H; Kurebayashi, S; Mukai, K; Murata, M; Nakao, M; Otsuki, M; Shimomura, I; Takeiri, S; Tamada, D; Yamamoto, T, 2017)
"Finally, the Liddle syndrome was diagnosed because of the DNA sequencing found that the proband's mother and himself had mutations P616L (c."	1.46	The importance of genetic counseling and genetic screening: a case report of a 16-year-old boy with resistant hypertension and severe hypokalemia. ( Jiang, L; Kuang, ZM; Liu, JH; Wang, JJ; Wang, Y; Yu, ZQ; Zeng, R; Zhou, Q, 2017)
"Eplerenone treatment of patients with PA reduces blood pressure, increases serum potassium level, and improves vascular status."	1.43	Eplerenone improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with primary aldosteronism. ( Anzai, K; Kawate, H; Matsuda, Y; Matsuzaki, C; Nomura, M; Ohnaka, K; Sakamoto, R; Shibue, K; Takayanagi, R, 2016)
"To establish the cause of primary aldosteronism (PA), it is essential to distinguish unilateral from bilateral adrenal aldosterone secretion, as adrenalectomy improves aldosterone secretion and controls hypertension and hypokalemia only in the former."	1.43	SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 4: Subtype diagnosis. ( Bardet, S; Chamontin, B; Douillard, C; Hernigou, A; Joffre, F; Pagny, JY; Plouin, PF; Steichen, O, 2016)
"Primary aldosteronism is the most frequent endocrine cause of secondary hypertension."	1.42	Primary aldosteronism and its various clinical scenarios. ( Abad-Cardiel, M; Alvarez-Alvarez, B; García-Donaire, JA; Martell-Claros, N; Pérez, CF, 2015)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism is a common cause of hypertension, with significant cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic sequelae."	1.42	Incidental and Intentional Medicine Achieve Similar Results in Primary Hyperaldosteronism. ( Fraker, DL; Kelz, RR; Kuo, LE; Roses, RE; Wachtel, H, 2015)
"Primary aldosteronism affects 6% of hypertensive patients."	1.42	[Primary aldosteronism]. ( Amar, L, 2015)
"Here we describe three women with hyperaldosteronism, two who presented in pregnancy and one who presented after menopause."	1.42	Pregnancy, Primary Aldosteronism, and Adrenal CTNNB1 Mutations. ( Azizan, EA; Bienz, M; Brown, MJ; Garg, S; Gurnell, M; Happerfield, L; Karet Frankl, FE; Marker, A; Shaikh, LH; Teo, AE; Zhou, J, 2015)
"Rhabdomyolysis is a rare presentation of hypokalemia, although muscle weakness is a well-known manifestation of hypokalemia."	1.42	Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis: a rare manifestation of primary aldosteronism. ( Concistrè, A; Fiacco, F; Letizia, C; Marinelli, C; Mitterhofer, AP; Petramala, L; Tinti, F; Umbro, I; Zavatto, A; Zingaretti, V, 2015)
"Hypertension was cured in 24 cases (38 %), and 28 patients (45 %) showed improvement with a reduction in AM."	1.40	Is adrenal venous sampling mandatory before surgical decision in case of primary hyperaldosteronism? ( Baguet, JP; Chabre, O; Chaffanjon, P; Naem, N; Pirvu, A; Thony, F, 2014)
"Adrenal hyperplasia was apparent on post-mortem histopathology."	1.40	Hypokalaemia in a hyperthyroid domestic shorthair cat with adrenal hyperplasia. ( Elwood, C; Fryers, A, 2014)
"Hypokalemia was a delayed complication of DKA treatment in the PCCU, associated with high K(+) and Na(+) excretion rates and a prolonged infusion of high doses of insulin."	1.39	Hypokalemia during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis: clinical evidence for an aldosterone-like action of insulin. ( Bohn, D; Carlotti, AP; Halperin, ML; St George-Hyslop, C, 2013)
"In primary aldosteronism (PA), lateralized aldosterone excess can be treated with aldosterone antagonists or surgery, which raises the question as to whether surgery or medications should be the preferred management."	1.39	Medical or surgical therapy for primary aldosteronism: post-treatment follow-up as a surrogate measure of comparative outcomes. ( Dias, VC; Harvey, A; Kline, GA; Pasieka, JL; So, B, 2013)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common etiology of endocrine hypertension (HTN), and recent prevalence studies suggest that it may be under-diagnosed."	1.39	Primary aldosteronism: emerging trends. ( Cheesman, KC; Galati, SJ; Hopkins, SM; Levine, AC; Zhuk, RA, 2013)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a possible cause of endocrine hypertension."	1.37	[Aldosterone/renin ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism]. ( Catay, E; Honnorat, E; Izquierdo, A; Popescu, BM; Ríos, MC; Rodríguez Cuimbra, S; Sotelo, M, 2011)
"S-Aldosterone was normalized."	1.36	Long-term effects of surgical correction of adrenal hyperplasia and adenoma causing primary aldosteronism. ( Andreasson, S; Botling, J; Hägg, A; Hellman, P; Hennings, J; Sundin, A, 2010)
"Insulin resistance is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may play a role in its pathophysiology."	1.36	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study. ( Bertello, C; Catena, C; Dalla Pozza, A; Ermani, M; Fabris, B; Fallo, F; Mulatero, P; Sabato, N; Sechi, LA; Sonino, N; Tecchio, M; Tona, F, 2010)
"In 22 patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA), unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy (ADX) not only corrected hypokalemia and led to cure or improvement of hypertension, but also significantly improved quality of life (QOL)."	1.36	Improved quality of life, blood pressure, and biochemical status following laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism. ( Gordon, RD; Kogovsek, C; Robson, D; Stowasser, M; Sukor, N, 2010)
"Although hypokalemia is a common clinical problem, symptoms generally do not become manifest unless the serum potassium (K) falls rapidly."	1.36	[Clinical characteristics of five elderly patients with severe hypokalemia induced by glycyrrhizin derivatives]. ( Hatanaka, M; Kadoya, H; Matsuda, J; Namba, T; Takahashi, A; Takeji, M; Yamamoto, T; Yamauchi, A, 2010)
"Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disorder."	1.36	A physiologic-based approach to the evaluation of a patient with hypokalemia. ( Palmer, BF, 2010)
"Findings suggested that primary hyperaldosteronism should be considered as a possible cause in ferrets with hypokalemia, hypertension, and an adrenal gland mass."	1.35	Primary hyperaldosteronism in a domestic ferret with an adrenocortical adenoma. ( Desmarchelier, M; Dunn, M; Lair, S; Langlois, I, 2008)
"Some diseases, such as Gitelman's syndrome, Bartter's syndrome, and primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome), may bear some similar clinical and laboratory findings."	1.35	Hypokalemic paralysis due to primary hyperaldosteronism simulating Gitelman's syndrome. ( Akalin, A; Cansu, DU; Kasifoglu, T; Korkmaz, C, 2009)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is caused by autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, classically from an adenoma, resulting in sodium and water retention, hypokalaemia and raised blood pressure."	1.35	Atrial fibrillation in primary aldosteronism. ( Beevers, DG; Karthikeyan, VJ; Lip, GY; Watson, T, 2009)
"Endocrine hypertension is rare, but frequently refractory."	1.35	[Endocrine hypertension]. ( Ibsen, H; Poulsen, PL, 2009)
"Rhabdomyolysis is a rare presentation of hypokalemia, although muscle weakness is a well known manifestation of marked hypokalemia."	1.35	An unusual case of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma presenting with rhabdomyolysis. ( Ahmetoğlu, A; Bahat, E; Imamoğlu, M; Karagüzel, G; Okten, A; Yildiz, K, 2009)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension, caused by gain-of-function mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) which is expressed in aldosterone target tissues including the distal colon."	1.35	Aldosterone responsiveness of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in colon is increased in a mouse model for Liddle's syndrome. ( Bertog, M; Cuffe, JE; Hartner, A; Hilgers, KF; Hummler, E; Korbmacher, C; Porst, M; Pradervand, S; Rossier, BC, 2008)
"Primary aldosteronism accompanied by hypokalemia is a cause of secondary hypertension."	1.34	Hypertension associated with rhabdomyolysis. ( Aslanidis, S; Douma, S; Kartali, N; Papaefthimiou, P; Petidis, K; Zamboulis, C, 2007)
"Aldosterone treatment induced hypokalemia, decreased urine osmolality, and increased the urine volume and water intake in ALDO compared with CON and dDAVP+Aldo compared with dDAVP."	1.34	Long-term aldosterone treatment induces decreased apical but increased basolateral expression of AQP2 in CCD of rat kidney. ( de Seigneux, S; Dimke, H; Frøkiaer, J; Kwon, TH; Nielsen, J; Nielsen, S; Olesen, ET, 2007)
"Treatment of primary aldosteronism decreased blood pressure (BP) and restored normal potassium concentrations."	1.34	Renal cysts and hypokalemia in primary aldosteronism: results of long-term follow-up after treatment. ( Baroselli, S; Bazzocchi, M; Catena, C; Chiuch, A; Colussi, GL; Lapenna, R; Nadalini, E; Novello, M; Sechi, LA, 2007)
"There is a high prevalence for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) in hypertensive patients."	1.34	[Comparison of adrenal imaging and selective adrenal vein sampling in primary hyperaldosteronism]. ( Adams, S; Hahn, K; Kokulinsky, P; Liermann, D; Rump, LC; Stegbauer, J; Vonend, O, 2007)
"Here we describe a 13-yr-old girl with primary hyperaldosteronism secondary to aldosterone-secreting adenoma."	1.34	An additional child case of an aldosterone-producing adenoma with an atypical presentation of peripheral paralysis due to hypokalemia. ( Acikalin, MF; Dinleyici, EC; Dogruel, N; Ilhan, H; Oztelcan, B; Tokar, B, 2007)
"We present a patient with Type 2 diabetes and previously undiagnosed hyperaldosteronism who developed life-threatening hypokalaemia while following a low-carbohydrate diet."	1.33	Life-threatening hypokalaemia on a low-carbohydrate diet associated with previously undiagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism [corrected]. ( Advani, A; Taylor, R, 2005)
"Screening for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is often indicated in individuals with resistant hypertension or hypokalaemia."	1.33	Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in mild to moderate hypertension without hypokalaemia. ( Brown, NJ; Conlin, PR; Hopkins, PN; Jeunemaitre, X; Raji, A; Williams, GH; Williams, JS, 2006)
"Hypokalemia is a prominent feature of Gitelman syndrome and a common side effect of thiazide use in the treatment of hypertension."	1.33	Hypokalemia in a mouse model of Gitelman's syndrome. ( Hoorn, EJ; Knepper, MA; Morris, RG, 2006)
"Primary aldosteronism has recently been recognized as the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension."	1.33	Confirmatory testing in normokalaemic primary aldosteronism: the value of the saline infusion test and urinary aldosterone metabolites. ( Beuschlein, F; Maser-Gluth, C; Nickel, C; Reincke, M; Rüdiger, F; Schirpenbach, C; Seiler, L, 2006)
"Adenomatous primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)."	1.33	Diagnosis of adenomatous primary aldosteronism in a patient with severe hypertension. ( Connell, JM; Freel, EM, 2005)
"The clinical data of 267 patients of primary hyperaldosteronism with adrenal adenoma confirmed by operation 1995 - 2005 were analyzed."	1.33	[Causes of delaying diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism with adrenal adenoma and strategy therefore]. ( Li, HZ; Pan, DL; Yan, QZ, 2006)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of endocrine hypertension previously believed to account for less than 1% of hypertensive patients."	1.32	Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents. ( Fardella, CE; Gomez-Sanchez, CE; Gordon, RD; Loh, KC; Mosso, L; Mulatero, P; Stowasser, M; Veglio, F; Young, WF, 2004)
"Once considered rare, primary aldosteronism (PAL) is now regarded as the commonest potentially curable and specifically treatable form of hypertension."	1.32	Primary aldosteronism--careful investigation is essential and rewarding. ( Gordon, RD; Stowasser, M, 2004)
"We report a rare case of adrenocortical carcinoma."	1.32	Co-secretion of aldosterone and cortisol by an adrenocortical carcinoma. ( Azizlerli, H; Kapran, Y; Kurtulmus, N; Yarman, S, 2004)
"Primary aldosteronism is a clinical syndrome characterized by hypokalemia, suppressed activities of plasma renin and high urinary and plasma aldosterone levels in hypertensive patients."	1.32	[A brief history of diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism.]. ( Kong, C; Li, Z; Wang, Y; Yang, C, 2004)
"An early diagnosis and treatment of AME syndrome could help to prevent these sequelae, and to preserve renal function."	1.31	Nephrocalcinosis and renal cysts associated with apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome. ( Jordan, SC; Kamil, ES; Moudgil, A; Rodich, G, 2000)
"Liddle's syndrome is a rare form of hereditary hypertension caused by mutations of the epithelial sodium (Na(+)) channel (ENaC)."	1.31	Two sporadic cases of Liddle's syndrome caused by De novo ENaC mutations. ( Dohi, K; Enomoto, N; Hashimoto, K; Koga, M; Marumo, F; Sasaki, S; Takeda, Y; Uchida, S; Yamano, S; Yamashita, Y, 2001)
"Liddle's syndrome is a rare form of autosomal-dominant salt-sensitive hypertension."	1.31	A family with liddle's syndrome caused by a mutation in the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. ( Kitamura, K; Kyuma, M; Sasaki, S; Shimamoto, K; Takeuchi, H; Takizawa, H; Tomita, K; Torii, T; Ura, N, 2001)
"Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of non-renal secondary hypertension."	1.31	Normokalemic hyperaldosteronism in patients with resistant hypertension. ( Benchetrit, S; Bernheim, J; Podjarny, E, 2002)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of hypertension that resembles primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized by the early onset of hypertension with hypokalemia and suppression of both PRA and aldosterone, and is caused by mutations in the carboxyl-terminus of the beta- or gamma-subunits of the renal epithelial sodium channel."	1.30	Liddle's syndrome: prospective genetic screening and suppressed aldosterone secretion in an extended kindred. ( Findling, JW; Hansson, JH; Lifton, RP; Raff, H, 1997)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism is more frequent than previously thought, it is overlooked when hypokalemia is used as the screening test and it can only be diagnosed measuring plasma aldosterone and renin activity."	1.30	[High prevalence of undiagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism among patients with essential hypertension]. ( Fardella, C; Foradori, A; Huete, A; Montero, J; Mosso, L; Rojas, A; Rojas, P; Rojas, V; Sánchez, O; Soto, J, 1999)
"Primary aldosteronism comprises two different conditions, the tumoral form usually caused by an adenoma and the idiopathic form due to nodular hyperplasia of the two adenals."	1.29	[Conceptual basis and diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism]. ( Amar, J; Begasse, F; Chamontin, B; Guittard, J; Salvador, M, 1995)
"We report four cases of Bartter's syndrome in two consecutive generations of an Irish family."	1.29	Bartter's syndrome in two generations of an Irish family. ( Ahmad, A; Crowe, P; Cullen, MJ; O'Byrne, K, 1993)
"Hypokalemia is an uncommon presentation of renovascular hypertension."	1.29	Unilateral renal artery stenosis seen initially as severe and symptomatic hypokalemia. Pathophysiologic assessment and effects of surgical revascularization. ( Burch, A; Ruby, ST; White, WB, 1993)
"Primary aldosteronism should be considered in patients presenting with neuromuscular weakness associated with hypokalemia, regardless of the degree of hypertension."	1.29	Paralytic myopathy--a leading clinical presentation for primary aldosteronism in Taiwan. ( Hsu, BR; Huang, YY; Tsai, JS, 1996)
"Liddle's syndrome (or pseudoprimary aldosteronism) is a rare hereditary disease; only 18 cases have been reported since 1963."	1.28	[Liddle syndrome (or pseudo-hyperaldosteronism). Long-term development and erythrocyte potassium flow study in 4 cases]. ( Charpentier, B; Dommergues, JP; Fries, D; Garay, RP; Guillot, M; Jullien, M; Kleinknecht, D; Nazaret, C; Noblins, M, 1992)
"This case shows that secondary hyperaldosteronism, possibly due to an impairment of sodium conservation in the distal tubule, may contribute to the loss of potassium from the distal tubule even after the correction of acidosis."	1.28	Renal potassium wasting in distal renal tubular acidosis: role of aldosterone. ( Asano, Y; Kano, S; Muto, S; Okazaki, H, 1992)
"Our studies revealed selective hypoaldosteronism with normal adrenoglucocorticoid function."	1.28	Selective hypoaldosteronism in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome: insensitivity to angiotensin II. ( Asano, Y; Koyama, K; Muto, S; Nonaka, K; Ohbu, E; Okita, N; Otabe, S; Yamada, K, 1991)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone, or in combination with either intravenous dopamine or ibopamine orally, amiloride, enalapril, hydralazine or clonidine corrected serum potassium values but failed to normalize blood pressure and to correct plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone."	1.28	A neonate with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. ( Derkx, FH; Donckerwolcke, RA; Griffiven, AW; Schalekamp, MA; Vande Walle, JG; Veenhoven, RH; Wit, JM, 1991)
"Volume expansion reverses the hyperaldosteronism."	1.28	Modulation of the renin-aldosterone system by iodotyrosines as tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors. ( Berk, LS; Tan, LG; Tan, SA, 1990)
"We have reported a case of Conn's syndrome, with pain, tenderness, and swelling of the calf mimicking deep vein thrombophlebitis."	1.28	Conn's syndrome with rhabdomyolysis mimicking deep vein thrombophlebitis. ( Mahdyoon, H; Mermiges, DN; Wisgerhof, M, 1990)
"The association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts was also supported by the finding of multiple medullary cysts in two patients with primary renal potassium wasting."	1.28	Association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts. ( Hattery, RR; Offord, KP; Torres, VE; Young, WF, 1990)
"Postoperatively the signs of hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) regressed and the average blood pressure was 112/76 mm Hg."	1.28	[Primary hyperaldosteronism without arterial hypertension]. ( Andrassy, K; Buhr, H; Osterziel, KJ; Raue, F; Vecsei, P; Zeier, M; Ziegler, R, 1989)
"Forty-two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or one of its variants were studied at diagnosis to determine the incidence and cause(s) of hypokalemia."	1.27	Hypokalemia in acute myelogenous leukemia. ( Bauer, JH; Farhangi, M; Perry, MC, 1983)
"Although secondary hyperaldosteronism due to renal vein thrombosis may occur as a result of renal cell carcinoma or adrenal cortical carcinoma, primary hyperaldosteronism is rarely associated with the latter."	1.27	Adrenal cortical carcinoma: an unusual cause of hyperaldosteronism. ( Telner, AH, 1983)
"The hyperaldosteronism has been documented by hypopotassiemia , a raised level of plasma aldosterone as well as suppressed plasma renin activity even after adequate stimulus."	1.27	[Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with hyperaldosteronism and polyglobulia]. ( Bambara, LM; Battaia, L; Corrocher, R; Pachor, ML; Pedrazzoli, M, 1984)
"Treatment with indomethacin also improved the pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II and norepinephrine, but this occurred in association with a decrease in PRA, PAC and urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha."	1.27	Hypokalemia and prostaglandin overproduction in Bartter's syndrome. ( Amagasaki, Y; Kato, E; Konishi, K; Nakata, I; Ozawa, Y; Saruta, T; Senba, S, 1984)
"Hypokalemia has also been associated with several other consequences, including postural hypotension, potentiation of digitalis toxicity, confusional states, glucose intolerance, polyuria, metabolic alkalosis, sodium retention, rhabdomyolysis, intestinal ileus, and decreased gastric motility and acid secretion."	1.27	Potassium homeostasis and clinical implications. ( Brown, RS, 1984)
"Primary aldosteronism is a potentially curable cause of hypertension; it occurs in about 1% of hypertensive patients."	1.27	'Essential' hypertension with hypokalemia. Caused by aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma. ( Almog, C; Burke, M; Papo, J; Stavorovsky, M, 1984)
"Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed in an 8-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier, based on increased concentration of plasma aldosterone, hypertension, hypernatremia, decreased natriuresis, hypokalemia, and hyperkaluria."	1.27	Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism in a dog. ( Anson, LW; Breitschwerdt, EB; Cook, CS; Fulghum, RE; Greenfield, CL; Meuten, DJ, 1985)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone for 2 months corrected hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and all laboratory and radiologic evidence of rickets and hyperparathyroidism, resulting in acceleration of growth rate."	1.27	Spironolactone-reversible rickets associated with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome. ( Arnhold, IJ; Batista, MC; Bloise, W; Kater, CE; Mendonça, BB; Nicolau, W; Rocha, A, 1986)
"Among 10 patients with primary aldosteronism and 3 patients with pseudoaldosteronism, 5 patients were admitted to our hospital because of muscular weakness."	1.27	Hypokalemic myopathy associated with primary aldosteronism and glycyrrhizine-induced pseudoaldosteronism. ( Atsumi, T; Ishikawa, S; Kuzuya, T; Okada, K; Saito, T, 1985)
"The frequent observation of tetany and edema is striking, there is a marked decrease of potassium clearance and an incipient impairment of creatinine clearance."	1.26	[Consequence of habitual use of laxatives (author's transl)]. ( Jungmann, E; Kober, G; Schöffling, K; Schulz, W; Walther, F, 1981)
"The lack of hypertension in primary aldosteronism is a rare condition."	1.26	Normotensive primary aldosteronism. ( Ando, H; Ebitani, I; Hara, M; Kawamura, S; Numazawa, K; Sasaki, H; Shiroto, H, 1980)
"Thus screening for primary aldosteronism can be restricted to hypokalaemic patients."	1.26	Simple screening procedure for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. ( Giese, J; Lund, JO; Nielsen, MD, 1981)
"Low-renin hypertension was diagnosed by the presence of hypertension, hypokalaemic alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity and low plasma aldosterone."	1.26	Low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension and abnormal cortisol metabolism in a 19-month-old child. ( Fiselier, TJ; Honour, JW; Monnens, LA; Otten, BJ; van Munster, PJ, 1982)
" The syndrome was iatrogenic in two cases depending on the licorice eating and the combined use of diuretics and a 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone-containing nasal spray in one patient, and on a long-term use of the same nasal decongestant in the other."	1.26	[Hypokalemic myopathy in arterial hypertension]. ( Angeletti, G; Filipponi, P; Natali, P; Nicoletti, I; Nunzi, E; Rambotti, P; Santeusanio, F, 1982)
"The occurrence of Bartter's syndrome is described in a 74-year-old woman with a fractured hip."	1.26	Bartter's syndrome in a 74-year-old woman: response to anti-inflammatory agents. ( Gordon, M; Pollard, A, 1980)
"Amiloride was disproportionately potent in lowering serum bicarbonate, and the data do not suggest that these drugs elevate plasma potassium simply by correcting metabolic alkalosis."	1.26	Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. ( Fraser, R; Hettiarachchi, J; Morton, JJ; Ramsay, LE, 1980)
"A case of an adult with Bartter's syndrome (hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular complex with hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemic alkalosis) is described; the patient had the unusual manifestation of cardiomyopathy, probably secondary to severe hypokalemia."	1.26	Cardiomyopathy in an adult with Bartter's syndrome and hypokalemia. Hemodynamic, angiographic and metabolic studies. ( Dalakos, TG; Jones, D; Potts, JL; Streeten, DH, 1977)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism usually causes moderate hypertension."	1.26	[Primary hyperaldosteronism with paroxysmal arterial hypertension. Apropos of 2 operated cases]. ( Griffe, J; Morin, PP; Tatibouet, L, 1978)
"Aldosterone levels were subnormal but as yet there has been no evidence of overproduction of other mineralocorticoids by chemical analysis or by bioassay of plasma and urinary extracts."	1.26	A syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess associated with defects in the peripheral metabolism of cortisol. ( Bradlow, HL; Gunczler, P; Levine, LS; New, MI; Ramirez, LC; Rauh, W; Rösler, A; Ulick, S; Zanconato, G, 1979)
"Two patients, one with Bartter's syndrome and one with severe abuse of diuretics, were investigated before and after indomethacin treatment."	1.26	On the pathogenetic role of prostaglandins in Bartter's syndrome. ( Christensen, P; Hesse, B; Nielsen, I, 1979)
"Hypokalemia was frequent both in the patients with low (7/11) and normal (3/6) potassium per kg lean body mass."	1.26	Electrolytes and whole body potassium in acute leukemia. ( Carlmark, B; Lantz, B; Reizenstein, P, 1979)
"Low-renin hypertension was not characterized by increased exchangeable sodium, but exchaneable postassium was significantly lower than in patients with normal plasma-renin."	1.25	Is low-renin hypertension a stage in the development of essential hypertension or a diagnostic entity? ( Beevers, DG; Brown, JJ; Davies, DL; Lever, AF; Padfield, PL; Robertson, JI; Schalekamp, MA; Tree, M, 1975)
"Hypertension was initially ameliorated but was not cured."	1.25	Periodic hypokalaemic paralysis, adrenal adenoma, and normal colonic transport of sodium and potassium. ( Jones, MB; Peart, WS; Richards, P, 1973)
"The patient had histamine-fast achlorhydria and a normal gastric biopsy and no gastrin was recovered from the tumour tissue."	1.24	WATERY DIARRHOEA AND AN ISLET CELL TUMOUR. ( CREAMER, B; HINDLE, W; MCBRIEN, DJ, 1964)

Research

Studies (510)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Plasma Potassium

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	268 (52.55)	18.7374
1990's	51 (10.00)	18.2507
2000's	84 (16.47)	29.6817
2010's	72 (14.12)	24.3611
2020's	35 (6.86)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Hundemer, GL	2
Imsirovic, H	2
Vaidya, A	2
Yozamp, N	1
Goupil, R	2
Madore, F	2
Agharazii, M	2
Knoll, G	2
Sood, MM	2
Gulhan, B	1
Ünsal, Y	1
Baltu, D	1
Çelik Ertaş, NB	1
Özdemir, G	1
Utine, E	1
Ozcan, HN	1
Duzova, A	1
Gönç, N	1
Rizzolo, K	1
Beck, NM	1
Ambruso, SL	1
Parasiliti-Caprino, M	2
Bioletto, F	2
Ceccato, F	1
Lopez, C	2
Bollati, M	2
Di Carlo, MC	1
Voltan, G	1
Rossato, D	1
Giraudo, G	1
Scaroni, C	1
Ghigo, E	2
Maccario, M	2
Turcu, AF	1
Nhan, W	1
Grigoryan, S	1
Zhang, L	1
Urban, C	1
Liu, H	2
Holevinski, L	1
Zhao, L	1
Zhao, Q	1
Xiang, Q	1
Tan, Y	1
Xiao, X	1
Xie, H	1
Wang, H	1
Yang, M	1
Liu, S	1
Moustaki, M	1
Paschou, SA	1
Vakali, EC	1
Vryonidou, A	1
Asbach, E	1
Kellnar, A	1
Bekeran, M	1
Schelling, J	1
Bidlingmaier, M	2
Reincke, M	3
Szabo Yamashita, T	1
Shariq, OA	1
Foster, TR	1
Lyden, ML	1
Dy, BM	1
Young, WF	5
Bancos, I	1
McKenzie, TJ	1
Jin, Y	2
Qiu, W	2
Yao, J	2
Hung, ML	2
Wachtel, H	3
Cohen, DL	2
Fraker, D	2
Trerotola, SO	2
Bouchalli, WE	1
Mir, KE	1
Jabiry, SE	1
Berrimi, M	1
Kobayashi, H	5
Nakamura, Y	1
Abe, M	1
Tanabe, A	1
Sone, M	6
Katabami, T	6
Kurihara, I	5
Ichijo, T	5
Tsuiki, M	4
Izawa, S	1
Wada, N	5
Yoneda, T	2
Takahashi, K	5
Tamura, K	1
Ogawa, Y	5
Inagaki, N	4
Yamamoto, K	4
Rakugi, H	2
Naruse, M	6
Kendzerska, T	1
Leung, AA	1
Kline, GA	4
Shiina, Y	1
Kobayashi, A	1
Yamamoto, I	1
Koda, N	1
Miyazawa, K	1
Kawabe, M	1
Sugano, N	1
Urabe, F	1
Miki, J	1
Yamada, H	2
Kimura, T	1
Maruyama, Y	1
Tanno, Y	1
Ohkido, I	1
Yamamoto, H	1
Yokoo, T	1
Carvalho, PEP	1
Veiga, TMA	1
Lacerda, H	1
Tofanelli, MR	1
Gewehr, DM	1
Nunes, MCP	1
Simões E Silva, AC	1
Williams, DM	1
Shaikh, A	1
Williams, E	1
Maroof, A	1
Michael, T	1
Boregowda, K	1
Yu, J	1
Fan, C	1
Wei, W	1
Fang, T	1
Quan, H	1
Chen, K	1
Zhang, Y	2
Arata, S	1
Procopio, M	1
Ponzetto, F	1
Beccuti, G	1
Mengozzi, G	1
Chidambaram, S	1
Van Den Heede, K	1
Damji, S	1
Meeran, K	1
Todd, J	1
Wernig, F	1
Palazzo, F	1
Di Marco, AN	1
Wang, R	1
Pan, R	1
Zhang, R	2
Zhao, Y	1
Kucuk, N	2
Yavas Abali, Z	2
Abali, S	2
Canpolat, N	2
Yesil, G	2
Turan, S	2
Bereket, A	2
Guran, T	2
Yang, S	2
Hu, J	2
Li, Q	2
Tang, Z	1
Chen, H	1
He, W	1
Ma, L	1
Song, Y	1
Mei, M	1
Luo, T	1
Du, Z	1
Cheng, Q	1
Wang, Z	1
Gruber, S	1
Beuschlein, F	3
Akther, M	1
Moni, SC	1
Jahan, I	1
Shabuj, KH	1
Dey, SK	1
Mannan, MA	1
Shahidullah, M	1
Huang, YC	1
Tsai, MH	2
Fang, YW	2
Tu, ML	1
Lee, J	1
Kang, B	1
Ha, J	1
Kim, MH	1
Choi, B	1
Hong, TH	1
Kang, MI	1
Lim, DJ	1
Pandher, R	1
Puvanendran, A	1
Diamond, TH	1
Edelman, ER	1
Butala, NM	1
Avery, LL	1
Lundquist, AL	1
Dighe, AS	1
Mabillard, H	2
Sayer, JA	2
Armanini, D	2
Sabbadin, C	1
Boscaro, M	1
Grams, ME	1
Hoenig, MP	1
Hoorn, EJ	2
Chen, CT	1
Wang, YC	1
Lin, CM	1
Tancredi, M	1
Johannsson, G	1
Eliasson, B	1
Eggertsen, R	1
Lindblad, U	1
Dahlqvist, S	1
Imberg, H	1
Lind, M	1
Penninkilampi, R	1
Eslick, EM	1
Eslick, GD	1
Yamashita, T	1
Shimizu, S	1
Koyama, M	1
Ohno, K	1
Mita, T	1
Tobisawa, T	1
Takada, A	1
Togashi, N	1
Ohnuma, Y	1
Hasegawa, T	2
Tsuchida, A	1
Endo, T	1
Ando, T	1
Yoshida, H	1
Fukuma, S	1
Fukuhara, S	1
Moniwa, N	1
Miura, T	1
Li, H	2
Liu, J	1
Feng, X	1
Liu, L	1
Wei, G	1
Cao, X	1
Li, Y	2
de Lima, A	1
El-Sharkawy, F	1
Nieroda, C	1
Sardi, A	1
Meng, X	1
Wang, X	1
Li, J	1
Liu, Y	1
Yu, Y	1
Umakoshi, H	3
Ogasawara, T	1
Takeda, Y	7
Itoh, H	2
Shibayama, Y	3
Yoshimoto, T	5
Kawashima, J	4
Watanabe, M	4
Matsuda, Y	5
Shibata, H	5
Kamemura, K	4
Otsuki, M	5
Fujii, Y	4
Yamamto, K	2
Ogo, A	4
Yanase, T	6
Okamura, S	2
Miyauchi, S	2
Suzuki, T	4
Shimokaze, T	1
Toyoshima, K	1
Shibasaki, J	1
Itani, Y	1
Buffolo, F	1
Monticone, S	1
Tetti, M	1
Mulatero, P	3
Buhl, LF	1
Pedersen, FN	1
Andersen, MS	1
Glintborg, D	1
Stavropoulos, K	1
Imprialos, KP	1
Katsiki, N	1
Petidis, K	2
Kamparoudis, A	1
Petras, P	1
Georgopoulou, V	1
Finitsis, S	1
Papadopoulos, C	1
Athyros, VG	1
Doumas, M	1
Karagiannis, A	1
Mumford, E	1
Unwin, RJ	1
Walsh, SB	2
Shao, D	1
Wang, S	1
Zhou, S	1
Cai, Q	1
Zheng, Y	1
Zhang, Z	1
Ahmed, KS	1
Bogdanet, D	1
Abadi, S	1
Dineen, R	1
Boran, G	1
Woods, CP	1
Behan, LA	1
Sherlock, M	1
Gibney, J	1
Naito, T	2
Hagiya, H	1
Nakagami, F	1
Zantour, B	1
Charrada, I	1
Elati, Z	1
Ammari, FL	1
Boubaker, F	1
Arfa, S	1
Berriche, O	1
Alaya, W	1
Sfar, MH	1
Shibata, S	1
Nagasawa, M	1
Takeda, M	2
Akasaka, H	1
Fujita, M	2
Kawamura, T	1
Fukuda, H	1
Tsukiyama, H	1
Tanaka, Y	1
Ito, H	2
Palmer, BF	2
Clegg, DJ	1
Carlotti, AP	1
St George-Hyslop, C	1
Bohn, D	1
Halperin, ML	5
Zhang, X	1
Zhu, Z	1
Xu, T	1
Shen, Z	1
Pasieka, JL	3
Harvey, A	3
So, B	3
Dias, VC	3
Wen, Z	1
Chuanwei, L	1
Chunyu, Z	1
Hui, H	1
Weimin, L	1
Galati, SJ	1
Hopkins, SM	1
Cheesman, KC	1
Zhuk, RA	1
Levine, AC	1
Weiner, ID	1
Finsterer, J	1
Lässer, S	1
Flores-Robles, BJ	1
Sandoval, AR	1
Dardon, JD	1
Blas, CA	1
Miyake, Y	1
Tanaka, K	1
Nishikawa, T	1
Takayanagi, R	2
Sasano, H	4
Satoh, F	1
Yamada, M	1
Ueshiba, H	1
Iwasaki, Y	1
Tanaka, H	1
Tanahashi, Y	1
Suzuki, S	2
Katsumata, N	1
Tajima, T	1
Hyla-Klekot, L	1
Kokot, F	3
Wolley, M	1
Gordon, RD	8
Stowasser, M	6
Pirvu, A	1
Naem, N	1
Baguet, JP	2
Thony, F	1
Chabre, O	2
Chaffanjon, P	2
Fryers, A	1
Elwood, C	1
Martell-Claros, N	1
Abad-Cardiel, M	1
Alvarez-Alvarez, B	1
García-Donaire, JA	1
Pérez, CF	1
Kuo, LE	1
Roses, RE	1
Fraker, DL	1
Kelz, RR	1
Amar, L	2
Teo, AE	1
Garg, S	1
Shaikh, LH	1
Zhou, J	1
Karet Frankl, FE	1
Gurnell, M	1
Happerfield, L	1
Marker, A	1
Bienz, M	1
Azizan, EA	1
Brown, MJ	2
van den Meiracker, AH	1
van der Linde, AA	1
Claahsen van der Grinten, HL	1
Danser, AH	1
Deinum, J	1
Zavatto, A	1
Concistrè, A	1
Marinelli, C	1
Zingaretti, V	1
Umbro, I	1
Fiacco, F	1
Tinti, F	1
Petramala, L	1
Mitterhofer, AP	1
Letizia, C	1
Kawate, H	1
Matsuzaki, C	1
Sakamoto, R	2
Shibue, K	1
Ohnaka, K	1
Anzai, K	1
Nomura, M	2
Funder, JW	2
Bardet, S	2
Chamontin, B	4
Douillard, C	3
Pagny, JY	2
Hernigou, A	2
Joffre, F	2
Plouin, PF	3
Steichen, O	2
Rodan, AR	1
Durieux, P	1
Girerd, X	1
Gosse, P	1
Herpin, D	1
Houillier, P	2
Jeunemaitre, X	2
Kraimps, JL	1
Lefebvre, H	1
Ménégaux, F	1
Mounier-Véhier, C	2
Nussberger, J	2
Pechère, A	1
Reznik, Y	1
Tabarin, A	1
Zennaro, MC	2
Zinzindohoue, F	1
Kaplan, NM	7
Cui, Y	1
Tong, A	1
Jiang, J	1
Wang, F	1
Li, C	1
Polfus, LM	1
Boerwinkle, E	1
Gibbs, RA	1
Metcalf, G	1
Muzny, D	1
Veeraraghavan, N	1
Grove, M	1
Shete, S	1
Wallace, S	1
Milewicz, D	1
Hanchard, N	1
Lupski, JR	1
Hashmi, SS	1
Gupta-Malhotra, M	1
Hsiao, YH	1
Leu, JG	1
Murata, M	1
Kitamura, T	1
Tamada, D	1
Mukai, K	1
Kurebayashi, S	1
Yamamoto, T	2
Hashimoto, K	2
Hayashi, RD	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the Subtyping Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study[NCT05131061]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-11-11	Completed
Effect of Licorice and Hydrochlorothiazide on Plasma Potassium[NCT00605202]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Prospective Assessment of The Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients Presenting With Atrial Flutter or Fibrillation[NCT01267747]		411 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-01-31	Completed
Monocentric STUDY, Randomised Double Blinded (Healthy Subjects, or Transversal (Patients With Gitelman Syndrome)[NCT02297048]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Prospective Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension and Association With Cardiometabolic Complications[NCT04213963]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2011-09-01	Recruiting
Case Detection and Confirmation, Subtype Classification of Patients With Primary Aldosteronism[NCT02755519]		300 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-05-31	Completed
Uric Acid and Hypertension in African Americans[NCT00241839]	Phase 3	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Plasma potassium measured with indirect ion specific electrode method (NCT00605202)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure by Cuff 8-10 Weeks Minus Baseline

Intervention	mmol/l (Mean)
	Baseline	2 weeks
Licorice	4.0	4.1
Licorice and HCTZ	4.0	3.7

"The Diastolic BP was taken at Baseline and after 8-10 weeks of treatment or placebo while on chlorthalidone and potassium chloride. The blood pressure was measured according to Shared Care protocol: 15 minutes of quiet, undisturbed rest with three BP measurements obtained subsequently at 5 minute intervals.~The mean of the second and third reading was the value used for analysis for both the Baseline measurement and the measurement after 8 - 10 weeks of treatment. The dependent variable is baseline value minus ending value.~Measures are in millimeters of mercury (mm hg)" (NCT00241839)
Timeframe: Measured at 8-10 weeks on allopurinol / placebo

Change in Overall Mean BP From Those Obtained by 24 Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements (ABPM) 8-10 Weeks Minus Baseline.

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
A (Allopurinol)	3.44
B (Placebo)	-0.83

Subjects had 24 hr blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at baseline and treatment end. The readings were averaged and the changes from baseline to treatment end were compared. (NCT00241839)
Timeframe: Baseline and end of treatment (8-10 weeks on allopurinol / placebo)

Change in Systolic Blood Pressure by Cuff After 8-10 Weeks Minus Baseline

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
A (Allopurinol)	-5.9
B (Placebo)	0.90

"The systolic BP was taken at Baseline and after 8-10 weeks of treatment on placebo, while on chlorthalidone and potassium chloride. The blood pressure was measured according to Shared Care protocol: 15 minutes of quiet, undisturbed rest with three BP measurements obtained subsequently at 5 minute intervals.~The mean of the second and third reading was the value used for analysis for both the Baseline measurement and the measurement after 8 - 10 weeks of treatment. The dependent variable is baseline value minus ending value.~Measures are in millimeters of mercury (mm hg)" (NCT00241839)
Timeframe: Measured at 8-10 weeks on allopurinol or placebo

Change in Uric Acid (UA) Levels: Baseline Less End of Treatment

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
A (Allopurinol)	0.21
B (Placebo)	-0.95

Subjects on allopurinol are expected to lower their uric acid levels relative to placebo. (NCT00241839)
Timeframe: Baseline UA levels compared to end of treatment levels (8-10 weeks on allopurinol / placebo)

Article	Year
Secondary diabetes mellitus due to primary aldosteronism. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; I	2023
Safety and efficacy of new potassium binders on hyperkalemia management in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2023, Volume: 112, Issue:7 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Recep	2023
Hypokalemia and the Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2020, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperald	2020
Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. F1000Research, 2020, Volume: 9 Topics: Aldosterone; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypokalemia; P	2020
Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. F1000Research, 2020, Volume: 9 Topics: Aldosterone; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypokalemia; P	2020
Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. F1000Research, 2020, Volume: 9 Topics: Aldosterone; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypokalemia; P	2020
Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. F1000Research, 2020, Volume: 9 Topics: Aldosterone; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypokalemia; P	2020
The association between consistent licorice ingestion, hypertension and hypokalaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of human hypertension, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Humans; Hype	2017
Primary aldosteronism in the primary care setting. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2018, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Huma	2018
Liquorice, Liddle, Bartter or Gitelman-how to differentiate? Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2019, 01-01, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Bartter Syndrome; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelial Sodium Cha	2019
Role of Pendrin in the Pathophysiology of Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension. American journal of hypertension, 2019, 06-11, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Aldosterone; Animals; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertensio	2019
Hyperchloremic normal gap metabolic acidosis. Minerva endocrinologica, 2019, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Aldosterone; Ammonia; Bicarbonates; Buffer	2019
Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism. Seminars in nephrology, 2013, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Eplerenone; Humans; Hy	2013
Primary aldosteronism: a new insight into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in hypertensive patients. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 2013, Volume: 123, Issue:10 Topics: Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antag	2013
[Primary aldosteronism: new insights into familial forms]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2015, Volume: 159 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; DNA Mutational Analysis; G Protein-Co	2015
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2017, Volume: 165, Issue:Pt A Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Cortisone; Diagno	2017
Potassium: friend or foe? Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Aldosterone; Cation Exchange Resins; Cell Membrane; Child; Heart Failure; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyper	2017
[Primary hyperaldosteronisms: from diagnosis to treatment]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2009, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Antihypertensive	2009
[Primay hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic and treatment]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2012, Volume: 137, Issue:48 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocortical Adenoma; A	2012
New genetic insights in familial hyperaldosteronism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002, Volume: 970 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Diseases; Aldosterone; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; Humans;	2002
Primary aldosteronism: management issues. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002, Volume: 970 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Diseases; Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypok	2002
[Role of ion channels of kidney in water-electrolyte metabolism]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2003, May-10, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Animals; Bartter Syndrome; Chloride Channels; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hy	2003
METABOLIC MYOPATHIES. THE GLYCOGENOSES AFFECTING MUSCLE, AND HYPO- AND HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS. The American journal of medicine, 1963, Volume: 35 Topics: Aldosterone; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosidases; Glycogen Storage Disease;	1963
[CIRCULATORY DISEASES AND ELECTROLYTES]. [Chiryo] [Therapy], 1964, Volume: 46 Topics: Aldosterone; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Edema; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Hypokal	1964
Inactivating mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor in Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2004, Mar-31, Volume: 217, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aldosterone; Exons; Genes, Dominant; Humans; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Kidney; Mineralocorticoids;	2004
[Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism]. Khirurgiia, 2004, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Hum	2004
Hypokalemia and alkalosis in adipsic hypernatremia are not associated with hyperaldosteronism. Hormone research, 2004, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypernatremia; Hypokalemia; Male; Po	2004
[Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2006, May-10, Volume: 95, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aldosterone; Diagnosis, Differential; Gluconates; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hy	2006
Primary aldosteronism: diagnostic and treatment strategies. Nature clinical practice. Nephrology, 2006, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Algorithms; Animals; A	2006
[Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism]. Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2007, Jan-15, Volume: 102, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia	2007
Inherited renal tubulopathies associated with metabolic alkalosis: effects on blood pressure. Seminars in nephrology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Potassium; Prognosis; Renal	2006
Resistant hypertension and aldosteronism. Current hypertension reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Calcium Channel Bloc	2007
Exogenous mineralocorticoid-like disorders. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Animals; Carbenoxolone; Emollients; Female; Fludrocortisone; Fluprednisolone; Gl	1981
Familial periodic paralysis with hypokalaemia. Experimental and clinical investigations. Danish medical bulletin, 1981, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Child; Child, Preschool; Denmark;	1981
Internal potassium balance and the control of the plasma potassium concentration. Medicine, 1981, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Aldosterone; Cardiac Glycosides; Catecholamines; Extracellular Space; Familial	1981
Enzymatic disorders and hypertension. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; A	1981
Distal renal tubular acidosis: pathogenesis and classification. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1982, Volume: 1, Issue:6 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Aldosterone; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentrati	1982
Prostaglandins and Bartter's syndrome. Kidney international, 1981, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Acidosis; Aldosterone; Bartter Syndrome; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypera	1981
[Primary hyperaldosteronism-current theories]. Kardiologia polska, 1981, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia	1981
Clinical case seminar: Hypokalemia in a 52-year-old woman with non-small cell lung cancer. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cisplatin; Corticotropin-R	1995
Aldosterone-secreting adrenal cortical adenoma in an 11-year-old child and collective review of the literature. European journal of pediatrics, 1994, Volume: 153, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Child; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertens	1994
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Journal of human hypertension, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Aldosterone; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenas	1994
The association of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1994, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Aldosterone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyper	1994
Conn syndrome in a child, caused by adrenal adenoma. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1996, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Child; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; H	1996
Mineralocorticoids, salt, hypertension: effects on the heart. Steroids, 1996, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Fibrosis; Heart; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Mineralocort	1996
Liddle's syndrome in an elderly woman. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 1998, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hyp	1998
Renal tubular acidosis syndromes. Southern medical journal, 2000, Volume: 93, Issue:11 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Aldosterone; Female; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia; Male	2000
K(+) depletion and the progression of hypertensive disease or heart failure. The pathogenic role of diuretic-induced aldosterone secretion. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2001, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease	2001
The hypertensive patient with hypokalaemia: the search for hyperaldosteronism. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Magnetic Resonance Angiography;	2001
[Primary hyperaldosteronism]. La Revue du praticien, 1998, Apr-01, Volume: 48, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Algorithms; Amiloride; Di	1998
Familial varieties of primary aldosteronism. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2001, Volume: 28, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; Genetic Variati	2001
Primary aldosteronism. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1977, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	1977
The kidney in cirrhosis. Tijdschrift voor gastro-enterologie, 1976, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Aldosterone; Ascites; Diuretics; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypokalemi	1976
Corticosteroids, kidneys, sweet roots and dirty drugs. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 1991, Volume: 78, Issue:1-2 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aldosterone; Animals; Carbenoxolone;	1991
Role of exogenous factors in alterations of red cell Na+-Li+ exchange and Na+-K+ cotransport in essential hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism, and hypokalemia. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum, 1986, Volume: 180 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Biological Transport, Active; Body Weight; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Female; Ge	1986
Potassium metabolism and hypertension. Journal of clinical hypertension, 1985, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Animals; Catecholamines;	1985
The clinical spectrum of renal tubular acidosis. Annual review of medicine, 1986, Volume: 37 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adult; Aldosterone; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Bicarbonates; Bone Diseases	1986
Disorders of mineralocorticoid activity. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: 18-Hydroxycorticosterone; Adenoma; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Specime	1985
[Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. II-2. Mineralocorticoids and potassium imbalance]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 1985, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Bartter Syndrome; Chlorides; Desoxycorticosterone; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia;	1985
Aldosterone in clinical medicine. Acta endocrinologica, 1968 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	1968
[Hypokalemic hypertension]. Der Internist, 1968, Apr-25, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Diureti	1968
[Adrenal cortex function tests and their interpretation]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1969, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aldosterone; Androg	1969
[Significance of renin in physiopathology and diagnosis]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1969, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aldosterone; Angiography; Angiotensin II; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertens	1969
[Juxtaglomerular cell tumor and aldosterone-secreting renal tumor]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1971, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Female; Hemangiope	1971
The relationship between angiotensin and aldosterone. Advances in metabolic disorders, 1971, Volume: 5 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Animals; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism	1971
[The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in arterial hypertension]. Kardiologia polska, 1971, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Diagnosis, Differential; Feedback; Glomeru	1971
[Primary aldosteronism]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1971, Dec-11, Volume: 121, Issue:50 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Aortography; Blood Glucose; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential;	1971
Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone system in pathogenesis and management of hypertensive vascular disease. The American journal of medicine, 1972, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Contraceptives, Oral;	1972
[Hyperaldosteronism]. Marseille medical, 1972, Volume: 109, Issue:9 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Feedback; Glomerular Filtration	1972
Aldosterone: review of its physiology and diagnostic aspects of primary aldosteronism. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1973, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone;	1973
[Primary hypo- and hyperreninism]. Der Internist, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Addison Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Volume; Diagnosis, Differenti	1974
[Diagnosis and therapy of primary hyperaldosteronism]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1972, Jul-29, Volume: 102, Issue:30 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; H	1972
Primary hyperaldosteronism. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1974, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone; Electrocardiography; Hum	1974
[Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1974, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adult; Aldosterone; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Fe	1974
Aldosterone, the adrenal cortex, and hypertension. Annual review of medicine, 1968, Volume: 19 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Animals; Bloo	1968
Use and abuse of thiazides in pregnancy. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1968, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Diabetes Mellitus; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypokalemia;	1968
Commentary on incidence of primary aldosteronism: current estimations based on objective data. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Desoxycorticosterone;	1969
[Hypermineralocorticoidism and hypertension]. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1971, Mar-15, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Aldosterone; Cushing Syndrome; Dexam	1971
[Mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex under normal conditions and in pathology (review of the literature)]. Voprosy okhrany materinstva i detstva, 1971, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Glands; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aging; Aldoster	1971

Article	Year
Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. Blood pressure, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide	2009
The therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice, 1983, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Dipeptides; Diuretics	1983
Response of thiazide-induced hypokalemia to amiloride. JAMA, 1983, Jan-14, Volume: 249, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Bicarbonates; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypert	1983
Diuretic induced hypokalaemia: relationship to dosage interval and plasma aldosterone. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Diuretics; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged;	1982
Spironolactone in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia: variable response between patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1981, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Benzothiadiazines; Canrenone; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Hypokalem	1981
Interactions between the renin-angiotensin system and prostanoids in modulating renal function in potassium-depleted healthy women. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 1994, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Dinoprostone; Diuresis; Female; Gl	1994
Role of epinephrine-induced hypokalemia in the regulation of renin and aldosterone in humans. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1996, Volume: 127, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged;	1996
Ritodrine- and terbutaline-induced hypokalemia in preterm labor: mechanisms and consequences. Kidney international, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Blood Glucose; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypokalemia; Injections,	1997
The renin-aldosterone system and thiazide-induced depletion of total body potassium in essential hypertension. Nephron, 1978, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Body Weight; Chlorothiazide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hy	1978
Effect of eating liquorice on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects. British medical journal, 1977, Feb-19, Volume: 1, Issue:6059 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Pla	1977
Reversal of diuretic-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia by trilostane, an inhibitor of adrenal steroidogenesis. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1989, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Dihydrotestosterone; Diuretics; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hy	1989
Selected mechanisms of diuretic-induced electrolyte changes. The American journal of cardiology, 1986, Jul-31, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuresis; Diuretics; Double-Blind Method; Humans;	1986
Hypokalemia in thiazide-treated systemic hypertension. The American journal of cardiology, 1986, Jul-31, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydrochlorothia	1986
Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced hypokalemia. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Mar-21, Volume: 312, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Double-Blind Method;	1985
The postural plasma renin activity response in essential hypertension and primary hyperaldosteronism. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1969, Volume: 186, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension	1969

aldosterone and Hypokalemia