aldosterone and Disease Models, Animal studies

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Recent reports described cases of severe hypertension and hypokalemia accompanied by low renin and aldosterone levels during antifungal therapy with posaconazole and itraconazole."	7.96	Molecular mechanisms of posaconazole- and itraconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism and assessment of other systemically used azole antifungals. ( Beck, KR; Odermatt, A; Telisman, L; Thompson, GR; van Koppen, CJ, 2020)
"High salt intake markedly enhances hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II)."	7.88	Central and peripheral slow-pressor mechanisms contributing to Angiotensin II-salt hypertension in rats. ( Ahmad, M; Blaustein, MP; Hamlyn, JM; Keshtkar-Jahromi, M; Leenen, FHH; Lu, J; Wang, HW, 2018)
"Our previous study indicates that hydrochlorothiazide inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway, improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis."	7.85	Hydrochlorothiazide modulates ischemic heart failure-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibiting angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway in rats. ( Chen, X; Gao, X; Lu, G; Luo, C; Luo, J; Peng, L; Zuo, Z, 2017)
"Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were administered losartan, amlodipine or saline for 6 or 16weeks at the onset of prehypertension."	7.85	Early treatment with losartan effectively ameliorates hypertension and improves vascular remodeling and function in a prehypertensive rat model. ( He, DH; Lin, JX; Xie, Q; Xu, CS; Zhang, LM, 2017)
" On day 11, hypertension was induced by continuous angiotensin II infusion."	7.80	M-atrial natriuretic peptide and nitroglycerin in a canine model of experimental acute hypertensive heart failure: differential actions of 2 cGMP activating therapeutics. ( Burnett, JC; Cataliotti, A; Chen, HH; Ichiki, T; McKie, PM; Sangaralingham, SJ, 2014)
"The physiological mechanisms involved in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) are not fully understood."	7.80	Changes in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with chronic heart failure: an intervention study of long-term treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. ( Chen, LL; Hong, HS; Li, YH; Lin, XH; Zhu, XQ, 2014)
"This study was performed to determine the characteristics and mechanism of hypertension in SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a new model of metabolic syndrome, with a focus on the autonomic nervous system, aldosterone, and angiotensin II."	7.79	Novel mechanism for disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythm in a rat model of metabolic syndrome--the critical role of angiotensin II. ( Kataoka, K; Katayama, T; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Koibuchi, N; Maeda, M; Matsui, K; Mingjie, M; Nakagawa, T; Ogawa, H; Sueta, D; Toyama, K; Uekawa, K; Waki, H; Yasuda, O, 2013)
"Sub-chronic tryptophan depletion (SCTD) is proposed as an animal model for depression."	7.78	Sub-chronic dietary tryptophan depletion--an animal model of depression with improved face and good construct validity. ( Bermudez, I; Franklin, M; Gaburro, S; Murck, H; Singewald, N, 2012)
" We characterized the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of a prototypical ASI, (+)-(5R)-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride (CGS020286A, FAD286, FAD) and compared these profiles to those of the 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone (MET) in two rodent models of secondary hyperaldosteronism and corticosteronism."	7.76	Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286 in two rodent models of hyperaldosteronism: comparison with the 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone. ( Beil, M; Fu, F; Hu, CW; Jeng, AY; Liang, G; Rigel, DF, 2010)
"Ucn2 and furosemide were administered for 3 hours, both singly and combined, in 7 sheep with pacing-induced heart failure."	7.75	Urocortin 2 inhibits furosemide-induced activation of renin and enhances renal function and diuretic responsiveness in experimental heart failure. ( Charles, CJ; Nicholls, MG; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone (Ald) and left atrial remodeling and function in a canine model of atrial fibrillation (AF)."	7.75	[Effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone and left atrial remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation]. ( DU, X; Lei, T; Liu, XH; Liu, XP; Luo, TY; Shi, JH; Wang, HY, 2009)
"As oxonic acid diet increased plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and urine K to Na ratio, these changes may play a significant role in the harmful cardiovascular actions of hyperuricemia."	7.74	Oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia elevates plasma aldosterone in experimental renal insufficiency. ( Eräranta, A; Kööbi, P; Kurra, V; Lakkisto, P; Mustonen, JT; Niemelä, OJ; Pörsti, IH; Tahvanainen, AM; Tikkanen, I; Vehmas, TI, 2008)
" To elucidate its significance for myocardial fibrosis in the hypertensive heart, we used a mouse model with infusion of angiotensin II and examined results by histology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)."	7.74	Eplerenone attenuates myocardial fibrosis in the angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mouse: involvement of tenascin-C induced by aldosterone-mediated inflammation. ( Hiroe, M; Imanaka-Yoshida, K; Inada, H; Nishioka, T; Onishi, K; Suzuki, M; Takakura, N; Yoshida, T, 2007)
"Losartan attenuates BSO-induced hypertension, which appears to be mediated, in part, by angiotensin II and the prostanoid endothelium-derived factors."	7.72	Effect of losartan on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. ( Abukhalaf, IK; Bayorh, MA; Eatman, D; Ganafa, AA; Silvestrov, N; Socci, RR, 2003)
"Furosemide shortened the time to left ventricular dysfunction (35."	7.72	Furosemide and the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure. ( Haigney, MC; Hanlon, SU; McCurley, JM; Michalski, M; Wedam, EF; Wei, SK, 2004)
"In congestive heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may prevent cardiac fibrosis via interaction with both angiotensin II and endothelin-1, which enhance myocardial collagen synthesis."	7.72	Endogenous bradykinin suppresses myocardial fibrosis through the cardiac-generated endothelin system under chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in heart failure. ( Dohke, T; Eguchi, Y; Fujii, M; Horie, M; Isono, T; Matsumoto, T; Ohnishi, M; Takayama, T; Tsutamoto, T; Wada, A; Yamamoto, T, 2004)
"The dual ACE+NEP inhibitor MDL prevented and regressed severe hypertension and cardiovascular damage, even in this model of severe angiotensin II-dependent hypertension with pronounced cardiovascular damage."	7.71	Dual ACE and NEP inhibitor MDL-100,240 prevents and regresses severe angiotensin II-dependent hypertension partially through bradykinin type 2 receptor. ( Agabiti-Rosei, E; Bova, S; Cavallin, M; Mazzocchi, G; Nussdorfer, GG; Pessina, AC; Rizzoni, D; Rossi, GP, 2002)
"Canrenone attenuates LV interstitial remodeling and reduces filling pressures in rats with postinfarction heart failure."	7.71	Effects of canrenone on myocardial reactive fibrosis in a rat model of postinfarction heart failure. ( Casaburi, C; Cittadini, A; Di Gianni, A; Monti, MG; Saccà, L; Saldamarco, L; Scherillo, G; Serpico, R; Vanasia, M, 2002)
"Short-term administration of adrenomedullin, a recently discovered peptide with potent vasodilator, natriuretic, and aldosterone-inhibitory actions, has beneficial effects in experimental and clinical heart failure."	7.71	Long-term adrenomedullin administration in experimental heart failure. ( Charles, CJ; Espiner, EA; Nicholls, MG; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM, 2002)
"Omapatrilat is a member of the new drug class of vasopeptidase inhibitors that may offer benefit in the treatment of heart failure (HF) through simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase."	7.70	Beneficial renal and hemodynamic effects of omapatrilat in mild and severe heart failure. ( Espiner, EA; Frampton, CM; Nicholls, MG; Powell, JD; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM; Troughton, RW; Yandle, TG, 2000)
"This study examined the effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal and neurohumoral function and on the acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of heart failure."	7.69	Effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal function and acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of severe heart failure. ( Burnett, JC; Evans, MA; Redfield, MM, 1995)
"The interaction between renal prostaglandins and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) for the regulation of renal hemodynamic and excretory function was examined in conscious dogs with arteriovenous fistula and chronic compensated high-output heart failure (n = 6)."	7.69	Indomethacin attenuates the renal actions of atrial natriuretic factor in dogs with chronic heart failure. ( Freeman, RH; Habibullah, AA; Simmons, JC; Villarreal, D, 1997)
"The current studies were designed to investigate the functional significance of elevated endogenous atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in acute congestive heart failure (CHF)."	7.67	Role of endogenous atrial natriuretic factor in acute congestive heart failure. ( Burnett, JC; Edwards, BS; Lee, ME; Miller, WL, 1989)
"The temporal changes in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (iANF) were studied in six conscious dogs with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, a model of chronic high-output heart failure."	7.67	Atrial natriuretic factor secretion in dogs with experimental high-output heart failure. ( Davis, JO; Freeman, RH; Vari, RC; Verburg, KM; Villarreal, D, 1987)
"30% of patients with essential hypertension have a decreased adrenal response to angiotensin II (A II) on a low but not a high sodium intake."	7.66	Decreased adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II: a defect present in spontaneously hypertensive rats. A possible model of human essential hypertension. ( Braley, LM; Menachery, A; Williams, GH, 1982)
" The observation of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in hyperaldosteronism implied the generation of oxidative stress by aldosterone."	6.48	Aldosterone, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation in hypertension-related cardiovascular and renal diseases. ( Queisser, N; Schupp, N, 2012)
"Eplerenone has been reported to have anti-hypertensive and protective effects on cardiovascular and renal injury in salt-sensitive hypertensive animal models, such as the Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rat and leptin receptor-deficient spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/cp)."	6.45	Effects of eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on clinical and experimental salt-sensitive hypertension. ( Takeda, Y, 2009)
"Sepsis is an extensive life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress and terminates at the late stage of immunosuppression."	5.72	Angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors improve survival and ameliorate kidney injury induced by sepsis through suppression of inflammation and apoptosis. ( Ahmed, AF; Al-Kadi, A; El-Daly, M; El-Tahawy, NFG; Khalifa, MMA, 2022)
"Enalapril treatment in the chronic model, however, protected against cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte atrophy and was associated with increased activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway along with normal levels of CTGF."	5.48	Diverging effects of enalapril or eplerenone in primary prevention against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. ( Basquin, D; Hullin, R; Maillard, M; Martin, D; Métrich, M; Regamey, J; Sarre, A, 2018)
"Treatment with aldosterone caused a significant increase in retinal edema and more severe retinopathy manifest as retinal whitening and extensive intraretinal hemorrhage."	5.48	Aldosterone Exposure Causes Increased Retinal Edema and Severe Retinopathy Following Laser-Induced Retinal Vein Occlusion in Mice. ( Allingham, MJ; Cousins, SW; Mettu, PS; Saloupis, P; Tserentsoodol, N, 2018)
"Chronic HFD exposure further promoted hyperinsulinemia in ASKO mice that contributed to visceral fat accumulation accompanied by reduced lipolysis, thermogenic reprogramming, and the absence of weight-gain-related EE increases."	5.48	Aldosterone deficiency in mice burdens respiration and accentuates diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and obesity. ( Faresse, N; Henneberg, M; Langhans, W; Liao, WH; Odermatt, A; Pacheco Lopez, G; Steuer, AE; Suendermann, C, 2018)
"Our data indicate that in mice with Liddle syndrome, the primary site of increased Na(+) reabsorption is the DCT2/CNT."	5.43	In Liddle Syndrome, Epithelial Sodium Channel Is Hyperactive Mainly in the Early Part of the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron. ( Bertog, M; Dahlmann, A; Korbmacher, C; Krueger, B; Nesterov, V; Palmisano, R, 2016)
"Aldosterone activation was demonstrated in all three groups; however, dietary sodium restriction, in contrast to high sodium, resulted in early (10 days) activation of PRA and aldosterone."	5.42	Dietary sodium modulation of aldosterone activation and renal function during the progression of experimental heart failure. ( Borgeson, DD; Burnett, JC; Grantham, JA; Luchner, A; Miller, WL; Redfield, MM, 2015)
"AVP may promote ventricular remodeling."	5.42	The secretion patterns and roles of cardiac and circulating arginine vasopressin during the development of heart failure. ( Chen, X; Gao, X; Li, Q; Lu, G; Tang, K, 2015)
"When hexamethonium was used to assess autonomic control of MAP, no differences in the decrease of MAP in response to ganglionic blockade were detected during the induction."	5.40	CNS neuroplasticity and salt-sensitive hypertension induced by prior treatment with subpressor doses of ANG II or aldosterone. ( Beltz, T; Clayton, SC; Johnson, AK; Xue, B; Zhang, Z, 2014)
"Aldosterone treatment increased lipid content of plaques (2."	5.39	Aldosterone increases early atherosclerosis and promotes plaque inflammation through a placental growth factor-dependent mechanism. ( Armani, A; Bagley, J; Caprio, M; Carmeliet, P; Chen, WS; Galayda, C; Jaffe, IZ; McGraw, AP; Nickerson, H, 2013)
"In candesartan-treated db/db mice (1 mg/kg per day, 4 weeks) increased plasma aldosterone, CYP11B2 expression, and aldosterone secretion were reduced."	5.38	Adipocytes produce aldosterone through calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways: implications in diabetes mellitus-associated obesity and vascular dysfunction. ( Briones, AM; Burger, D; Burns, KD; Callera, GE; Corrêa, JW; Gagnon, AM; Gomez-Sanchez, CE; Gomez-Sanchez, EP; He, Y; Nguyen Dinh Cat, A; Ooi, TC; Ruzicka, M; Sorisky, A; Touyz, RM; Yogi, A, 2012)
"Congestive heart failure was induced in 3 groups (n=6 per group) of dogs by tachypacing."	5.36	Renal and anti-aldosterone actions of vasopressin-2 receptor antagonism and B-type natriuretic peptide in experimental heart failure. ( Boerrigter, G; Burnett, JC; Cataliotti, A; Costello-Boerrigter, LC; Harty, GJ, 2010)
"Felodipine has a protective effect on the myocardium and kidney as evidenced by decreased perivascular inflammation, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis."	5.36	Effect of felodipine on myocardial and renal injury induced by aldosterone-high salt hypertension in uninephrectomized rats. ( Franco, M; Janicki, JS; Matsubara, BB; Matsubara, LS, 2010)
"Aldosterone plays a detrimental role in the pathology of chronic heart failure."	5.35	Comparison of the effects of intrapericardial and intravenous aldosterone infusions on left ventricular fibrosis in rats. ( Bitsch, N; Essen, Hv; Hermans, JJ; Minnaard-Huiban, M; Smits, JF, 2008)
"The hypertension was not different and virtually superimposable in WT vs."	5.35	The role of aldosterone in mediating the dependence of angiotensin hypertension on IL-6. ( Brands, MW; Cannon, JG; Schreihofer, DA; Sturgis, LC, 2009)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension, caused by gain-of-function mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) which is expressed in aldosterone target tissues including the distal colon."	5.35	Aldosterone responsiveness of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in colon is increased in a mouse model for Liddle's syndrome. ( Bertog, M; Cuffe, JE; Hartner, A; Hilgers, KF; Hummler, E; Korbmacher, C; Porst, M; Pradervand, S; Rossier, BC, 2008)
"ACTH-induced-hypertension is commonly employed as a model of stress-related hypertension, and despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying elevated blood pressure (BP) are not well understood."	5.35	ACTH-induced hypertension is dependent on the ouabain-binding site of the alpha2-Na+-K+-ATPase subunit. ( Dostanic-Larson, I; Lasko, V; Lingrel, JB; Loreaux, EL; Lorenz, JN; Paul, RJ; Schnetzer, JR, 2008)
"Aldosterone has pro-fibrotic properties and is a potential target for additional intervention in patients with chronic renal disease showing resistance to therapy during treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)."	5.34	Effect of combining ACE inhibition with aldosterone blockade on proteinuria and renal damage in experimental nephrosis. ( Hamming, I; Kramer, AB; Navis, G; van der Meulen, EF; van Goor, H, 2007)
"Proteinuria was prominent in SHR/NDmcr-cp compared with nonobese SHR, which was accompanied by podocyte injury as evidenced by foot process effacement, induction of desmin and attenuation of nephrin."	5.33	Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephropathy of rats with metabolic syndrome: possible contribution of fat-derived factors. ( Ando, K; Fujita, T; Gotoda, T; Nagase, M; Nagase, T; Shibata, S; Yoshida, S, 2006)
"Aldosterone classically promotes unidirectional transepithelial sodium transport, thereby regulating blood volume and blood pressure."	5.32	Transgenic model of aldosterone-driven cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. ( Blomme, EA; Bond, BR; Funder, JW; Goellner, JJ; McMahon, EG; Qin, W; Rocha, R; Rudolph, AE, 2003)
"Aldosterone promotes collagen synthesis and structural remodeling of the heart."	5.32	Mice lacking osteopontin exhibit increased left ventricular dilation and reduced fibrosis after aldosterone infusion. ( Colucci, WS; Kerstetter, DL; Ooi, H; Sam, F; Singh, K; Singh, M; Xie, Z, 2004)
"The reactive fibrosis is thought to be related to MC excess, while cell loss and microscopic scarring may be secondary to enhanced potassium excretion or a cytotoxic effect of aldosterone."	5.29	Myocardial fibrosis in the rat with mineralocorticoid excess. Prevention of scarring by amiloride. ( Campbell, SE; Janicki, JS; Matsubara, BB; Weber, KT, 1993)
"Experimental toxemia of pregnancy was induced in 8 pregnant monkeys (Macacamulatta) by reducing the abdomiinal aorta to one-third of its original diameter during the last month of gestation."	5.26	Experimental toxemia of pregnancy in the monkey, with a preliminary report on renin and aldosterone. ( Abitbol, MM; Driscoll, SG; Gallo, GR; Ober, MB; Pirani, CL, 1977)
" However, although aldosterone receptor antagonism reduces mortality in patients with congestive heart failure, the progestational and antiandrogenic side effects of the nonspecific aldosterone receptor antagonist, spironolactone, have limited its usefulness in the treatment of hypertension."	4.82	Eplerenone: cardiovascular protection. ( Brown, NJ, 2003)
"Recent reports described cases of severe hypertension and hypokalemia accompanied by low renin and aldosterone levels during antifungal therapy with posaconazole and itraconazole."	3.96	Molecular mechanisms of posaconazole- and itraconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism and assessment of other systemically used azole antifungals. ( Beck, KR; Odermatt, A; Telisman, L; Thompson, GR; van Koppen, CJ, 2020)
"High salt intake markedly enhances hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II)."	3.88	Central and peripheral slow-pressor mechanisms contributing to Angiotensin II-salt hypertension in rats. ( Ahmad, M; Blaustein, MP; Hamlyn, JM; Keshtkar-Jahromi, M; Leenen, FHH; Lu, J; Wang, HW, 2018)
"Elevated circulating uric acid has been postulated to play an important pathophysiological role in estrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction."	3.88	Inhibition of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase by valproic acid abates hepatic triglyceride accumulation independent of corticosteroids in female rats treated with estrogen-progestin. ( Areola, ED; Badmus, OO; Kim, I; Michael, OS; Olatunji, LA; Omolekulo, TE, 2018)
"Our previous study indicates that hydrochlorothiazide inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway, improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis."	3.85	Hydrochlorothiazide modulates ischemic heart failure-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibiting angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway in rats. ( Chen, X; Gao, X; Lu, G; Luo, C; Luo, J; Peng, L; Zuo, Z, 2017)
"Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were administered losartan, amlodipine or saline for 6 or 16weeks at the onset of prehypertension."	3.85	Early treatment with losartan effectively ameliorates hypertension and improves vascular remodeling and function in a prehypertensive rat model. ( He, DH; Lin, JX; Xie, Q; Xu, CS; Zhang, LM, 2017)
" UUO induced monocyte renal infiltration, tubular cell apoptosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and overexpression of TGFβ, Renin mRNA (RENmRNA), increase of Renin, Angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone serum levels."	3.83	Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Renal Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction by Suppressing the Renin-Angiotensin System via HuR. ( Albertini, R; Avanzini, MA; Bedino, G; Corradetti, V; Dal Canton, A; Esposito, P; Gregorini, M; Ingo, D; Libetta, C; Mantelli, M; Milanesi, S; Pattonieri, EF; Peressini, S; Rampino, T; Rocca, C; Serpieri, N; Valsania, T, 2016)
" Levels of norepinephrine, renin and aldosterone in plasma, norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in atrial tissue were elevated, and atrial interstitial fibrosis was enhanced by RI, which were attenuated by RDN."	3.81	Renal denervation suppresses atrial fibrillation in a model of renal impairment. ( Chen, FK; Chen, XP; Guo, HY; Li, J; Li, YG; Liang, Z; Lin, K; Liu, LF; Shan, ZL; Shi, XM; Wang, YT, 2015)
" On day 11, hypertension was induced by continuous angiotensin II infusion."	3.80	M-atrial natriuretic peptide and nitroglycerin in a canine model of experimental acute hypertensive heart failure: differential actions of 2 cGMP activating therapeutics. ( Burnett, JC; Cataliotti, A; Chen, HH; Ichiki, T; McKie, PM; Sangaralingham, SJ, 2014)
"The physiological mechanisms involved in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) are not fully understood."	3.80	Changes in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with chronic heart failure: an intervention study of long-term treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. ( Chen, LL; Hong, HS; Li, YH; Lin, XH; Zhu, XQ, 2014)
"This study was performed to determine the characteristics and mechanism of hypertension in SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a new model of metabolic syndrome, with a focus on the autonomic nervous system, aldosterone, and angiotensin II."	3.79	Novel mechanism for disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythm in a rat model of metabolic syndrome--the critical role of angiotensin II. ( Kataoka, K; Katayama, T; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Koibuchi, N; Maeda, M; Matsui, K; Mingjie, M; Nakagawa, T; Ogawa, H; Sueta, D; Toyama, K; Uekawa, K; Waki, H; Yasuda, O, 2013)
"Sub-chronic tryptophan depletion (SCTD) is proposed as an animal model for depression."	3.78	Sub-chronic dietary tryptophan depletion--an animal model of depression with improved face and good construct validity. ( Bermudez, I; Franklin, M; Gaburro, S; Murck, H; Singewald, N, 2012)
"Idiopathic primary hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and low-renin essential hypertension (LREH) are common forms of hypertension, characterized by an elevated aldosterone-renin ratio and hypersensitivity to angiotensin II."	3.78	TASK-3 channel deletion in mice recapitulates low-renin essential hypertension. ( Barrett, PQ; Bayliss, DA; Carey, RM; Guagliardo, NA; Hu, C; Schertz, EM; Tyson, DA; Yao, J, 2012)
" We analysed the effects of early chronic VPI (50 mg/kg/day Omapatrilat) on cardiac remodelling and neurohumoral function during the progression of rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure in rabbits (early left ventricular dysfunction [ELVD]: 10 days at 330 bpm, CHF: further 10 days at 360 bpm)."	3.78	Antihypertrophic effects of combined inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in progressive, tachycardia-induced experimental heart failure. ( Birner, C; Bratfisch, M; Dietl, A; Götz, T; Luchner, A; Riegger, GA; Schweda, F; Ulucan, C, 2012)
"Hypertension was induced by continuous angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion via osmotic mini-pumps over 4 weeks."	3.77	Effect of the plasminogen-plasmin system on hypertensive renal and cardiac damage. ( Cordasic, N; Daniel, C; Hartner, A; Heusinger-Ribeiro, J; Hilgers, KF; Klanke, B; Knier, B; Veelken, R, 2011)
"To clarify the effects of zolpidem, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor agonist, on bladder function, and urine production, we investigated the effects of zolpidem administration on bladder overactivity induced by cerebral infarction (CI) and on urine excretion increased by water overloading in Wistar rats."	3.76	Zolpidem increases bladder capacity and decreases urine excretion in rats. ( Matsuta, Y; Ohtake, A; Sasamata, M; Suzuki, M; Watanabe, M; Yanai-Inamura, H; Yokoyama, O, 2010)
"Cilostazol (CILO), a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 with potent antithrombotic property, has been shown to have a vasculoprotective effect in atherosclerosis animal models due to its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions."	3.76	Vasculoprotective effect of cilostazol in aldosterone-induced hypertensive rats. ( Hirata, Y; Hirono, Y; Sakurada, M; Sekizawa, N; Suzuki, N; Yoshimoto, T, 2010)
" We characterized the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of a prototypical ASI, (+)-(5R)-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride (CGS020286A, FAD286, FAD) and compared these profiles to those of the 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone (MET) in two rodent models of secondary hyperaldosteronism and corticosteronism."	3.76	Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286 in two rodent models of hyperaldosteronism: comparison with the 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone. ( Beil, M; Fu, F; Hu, CW; Jeng, AY; Liang, G; Rigel, DF, 2010)
"Both glucocorticoid (prednisolone and dexamethasone) and mineralocorticoid (aldosterone and fludrocortisone) steroids were investigated for their ability to reduce inflammatory symptoms in a mouse otitis media model."	3.75	Steroid control of acute middle ear inflammation in a mouse model. ( DeGagne, JM; Kempton, JB; MacArthur, CJ; Trune, DR, 2009)
"Ucn2 and furosemide were administered for 3 hours, both singly and combined, in 7 sheep with pacing-induced heart failure."	3.75	Urocortin 2 inhibits furosemide-induced activation of renin and enhances renal function and diuretic responsiveness in experimental heart failure. ( Charles, CJ; Nicholls, MG; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone (Ald) and left atrial remodeling and function in a canine model of atrial fibrillation (AF)."	3.75	[Effects of perindopril and spirolactone on plasma aldosterone and left atrial remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation]. ( DU, X; Lei, T; Liu, XH; Liu, XP; Luo, TY; Shi, JH; Wang, HY, 2009)
"As oxonic acid diet increased plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and urine K to Na ratio, these changes may play a significant role in the harmful cardiovascular actions of hyperuricemia."	3.74	Oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia elevates plasma aldosterone in experimental renal insufficiency. ( Eräranta, A; Kööbi, P; Kurra, V; Lakkisto, P; Mustonen, JT; Niemelä, OJ; Pörsti, IH; Tahvanainen, AM; Tikkanen, I; Vehmas, TI, 2008)
" After 2 h of lipopolysaccaride-induced endotoxemia, eight animals received a bolus dose of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan (1 mg/kg), followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h throughout the experiment."	3.74	The endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan improves renal microcirculation in a porcine model of endotoxemic shock. ( Andersson, A; Fenhammar, J; Forestier, J; Frithiof, R; Hjelmqvist, H; Sollevi, A; Weitzberg, E, 2008)
" To elucidate its significance for myocardial fibrosis in the hypertensive heart, we used a mouse model with infusion of angiotensin II and examined results by histology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)."	3.74	Eplerenone attenuates myocardial fibrosis in the angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mouse: involvement of tenascin-C induced by aldosterone-mediated inflammation. ( Hiroe, M; Imanaka-Yoshida, K; Inada, H; Nishioka, T; Onishi, K; Suzuki, M; Takakura, N; Yoshida, T, 2007)
" We investigated its role in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in the Tsukuba hypertensive mouse (THM)."	3.74	Absence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha abolishes hypertension and attenuates atherosclerosis in the Tsukuba hypertensive mouse. ( Bak, S; Coleman, T; Osher, E; Semenkovich, CF; Stern, N; Tordjman, KM; Vechoropoulos, M; Yudovich, R, 2007)
"To evaluate the role of spironolactone in myocardial remodelling in a Chagas cardiomyopathy model."	3.73	Aldosterone antagonism in an inflammatory state: evidence for myocardial protection. ( Billate, A; Fernandes, F; Ianni, BM; Mady, C; Martins, DG; Neto, EC; Ramires, FJ; Salemi, VM, 2006)
"Losartan attenuates BSO-induced hypertension, which appears to be mediated, in part, by angiotensin II and the prostanoid endothelium-derived factors."	3.72	Effect of losartan on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. ( Abukhalaf, IK; Bayorh, MA; Eatman, D; Ganafa, AA; Silvestrov, N; Socci, RR, 2003)
"Furosemide shortened the time to left ventricular dysfunction (35."	3.72	Furosemide and the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure. ( Haigney, MC; Hanlon, SU; McCurley, JM; Michalski, M; Wedam, EF; Wei, SK, 2004)
"In congestive heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may prevent cardiac fibrosis via interaction with both angiotensin II and endothelin-1, which enhance myocardial collagen synthesis."	3.72	Endogenous bradykinin suppresses myocardial fibrosis through the cardiac-generated endothelin system under chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in heart failure. ( Dohke, T; Eguchi, Y; Fujii, M; Horie, M; Isono, T; Matsumoto, T; Ohnishi, M; Takayama, T; Tsutamoto, T; Wada, A; Yamamoto, T, 2004)
"The dual ACE+NEP inhibitor MDL prevented and regressed severe hypertension and cardiovascular damage, even in this model of severe angiotensin II-dependent hypertension with pronounced cardiovascular damage."	3.71	Dual ACE and NEP inhibitor MDL-100,240 prevents and regresses severe angiotensin II-dependent hypertension partially through bradykinin type 2 receptor. ( Agabiti-Rosei, E; Bova, S; Cavallin, M; Mazzocchi, G; Nussdorfer, GG; Pessina, AC; Rizzoni, D; Rossi, GP, 2002)
"Canrenone attenuates LV interstitial remodeling and reduces filling pressures in rats with postinfarction heart failure."	3.71	Effects of canrenone on myocardial reactive fibrosis in a rat model of postinfarction heart failure. ( Casaburi, C; Cittadini, A; Di Gianni, A; Monti, MG; Saccà, L; Saldamarco, L; Scherillo, G; Serpico, R; Vanasia, M, 2002)
"Short-term administration of adrenomedullin, a recently discovered peptide with potent vasodilator, natriuretic, and aldosterone-inhibitory actions, has beneficial effects in experimental and clinical heart failure."	3.71	Long-term adrenomedullin administration in experimental heart failure. ( Charles, CJ; Espiner, EA; Nicholls, MG; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM, 2002)
"Omapatrilat is a member of the new drug class of vasopeptidase inhibitors that may offer benefit in the treatment of heart failure (HF) through simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase."	3.70	Beneficial renal and hemodynamic effects of omapatrilat in mild and severe heart failure. ( Espiner, EA; Frampton, CM; Nicholls, MG; Powell, JD; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM; Troughton, RW; Yandle, TG, 2000)
"This study examined the effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal and neurohumoral function and on the acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of heart failure."	3.69	Effect of low dose aspirin on cardiorenal function and acute hemodynamic response to enalaprilat in a canine model of severe heart failure. ( Burnett, JC; Evans, MA; Redfield, MM, 1995)
" Infusion of ebelactone B, (a selective inhibitor of carboxypeptidase Y-like exopeptidase, a kininase in rat urine), to normal BN-Ki rats during induction of hypertension with DOCA and salt, resulted in the reduction of the raised blood pressure, indicating that a site of action of kinins was at the luminal membrane of the renal tubule cells."	3.69	Role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the development of hypertension. ( Katori, M; Majima, M, 1997)
"The interaction between renal prostaglandins and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) for the regulation of renal hemodynamic and excretory function was examined in conscious dogs with arteriovenous fistula and chronic compensated high-output heart failure (n = 6)."	3.69	Indomethacin attenuates the renal actions of atrial natriuretic factor in dogs with chronic heart failure. ( Freeman, RH; Habibullah, AA; Simmons, JC; Villarreal, D, 1997)
"We have previously demonstrated that baroreceptor discharge sensitivity is depressed in dogs with experimental heart failure and that this depressed sensitivity can be reversed by the Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain."	3.68	Aldosterone reduces baroreceptor discharge in the dog. ( McClain, JM; Wang, W; Zucker, IH, 1992)
"The current studies were designed to investigate the functional significance of elevated endogenous atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in acute congestive heart failure (CHF)."	3.67	Role of endogenous atrial natriuretic factor in acute congestive heart failure. ( Burnett, JC; Edwards, BS; Lee, ME; Miller, WL, 1989)
"The temporal changes in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (iANF) were studied in six conscious dogs with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, a model of chronic high-output heart failure."	3.67	Atrial natriuretic factor secretion in dogs with experimental high-output heart failure. ( Davis, JO; Freeman, RH; Vari, RC; Verburg, KM; Villarreal, D, 1987)
"30% of patients with essential hypertension have a decreased adrenal response to angiotensin II (A II) on a low but not a high sodium intake."	3.66	Decreased adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II: a defect present in spontaneously hypertensive rats. A possible model of human essential hypertension. ( Braley, LM; Menachery, A; Williams, GH, 1982)
"Chronic hypertension has been produced in mongrel dogs by the long-term oral administration of metyrapone (100 mg/kg per day)."	3.65	Multifactorial analysis of chronic hypertension induced by electrolyte-active steroids in trained, unanesthetized dogs. ( Bravo, EL; Dustan, HP; Tarazi, RC, 1977)
"Mycophenolic acid was detected in all cats."	2.61	( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019)
"Aldosterone plays a major role in the regulation of sodium and potassium homeostasis and blood pressure."	2.49	Genetics of mineralocorticoid excess: an update for clinicians. ( Boulkroun, S; Rickard, AJ; Zennaro, MC, 2013)
" The observation of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in hyperaldosteronism implied the generation of oxidative stress by aldosterone."	2.48	Aldosterone, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation in hypertension-related cardiovascular and renal diseases. ( Queisser, N; Schupp, N, 2012)
"Fibrosis is a fundamental component of the adverse structural remodeling of myocardium present in the failing heart."	2.47	Cellular and molecular pathways to myocardial necrosis and replacement fibrosis. ( Ahokas, RA; Bhattacharya, SK; Gandhi, MS; Gerling, IC; Kamalov, G; Shahbaz, AU; Sun, Y; Weber, KT, 2011)
"The prevalence of hyperaldosteronism is increased among patients with obesity or resistant hypertension."	2.47	This is not Dr. Conn's aldosterone anymore. ( Brown, NJ, 2011)
"Primary aldosteronism is considered the most prevalent form of secondary hypertension with pathophysiological and clinical features different from those of essential hypertension."	2.46	Animal models of primary aldosteronism. ( Beuschlein, F, 2010)
"Animal models for human idiopathic hyperaldosteronism have been reported for the first time."	2.46	Aldosterone and cardiovascular disease. ( Carey, RM, 2010)
"Eplerenone has been reported to have anti-hypertensive and protective effects on cardiovascular and renal injury in salt-sensitive hypertensive animal models, such as the Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rat and leptin receptor-deficient spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/cp)."	2.45	Effects of eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on clinical and experimental salt-sensitive hypertension. ( Takeda, Y, 2009)
"Aldosterone has also been demonstrated to be a major factor in target organ damage independent of its effects on blood pressure."	2.44	Aldosterone as an independent factor in cerebrovascular damage. ( Bertello, C; Caserta, M; Giraudo, G; Morello, F; Mulatero, P; Schiavone, D; Veglio, F; Verhovez, A, 2008)
"Aldosterone was also involved in the podocyte damage and proteinuria of metabolic syndrome model SHR/NDmcr-cp."	2.44	Aldosterone and glomerular podocyte injury. ( Fujita, T; Nagase, M, 2008)
"Over 80% of Addison's disease is of the autoimmune type, though almost any systemic destructive process can cause similar steroid insufficiency."	2.37	Adrenocortical insufficiency. ( Burke, CW, 1985)
"Sepsis is an extensive life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress and terminates at the late stage of immunosuppression."	1.72	Angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors improve survival and ameliorate kidney injury induced by sepsis through suppression of inflammation and apoptosis. ( Ahmed, AF; Al-Kadi, A; El-Daly, M; El-Tahawy, NFG; Khalifa, MMA, 2022)
"Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular disease representing the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries."	1.56	Altered Tregs Differentiation and Impaired Autophagy Correlate to Atherosclerotic Disease. ( Armani, A; Caprio, M; Cecconi, F; De Zio, D; Filippini, A; Giampietri, C; Mammi, C; Mandatori, S; Marzolla, V; Pacella, I; Padula, F; Piconese, S; Savoia, C; Starace, D; Taurino, M; Vitiello, L, 2020)
"Aldosterone (Aldo) promotes fibrosis in myocardium, and MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) antagonists (MRAs) improve cardiac function by decreasing cardiac fibrosis."	1.56	A New Role for the Aldosterone/Mineralocorticoid Receptor Pathway in the Development of Mitral Valve Prolapse. ( Alvarez de la Rosa, D; Alvarez, V; Arrieta, V; Bonnard, B; Fernández-Celis, A; Gainza, A; Garcia-Peña, A; Ibarrola, J; Jaisser, F; López-Andrés, N; Matilla, L; Navarro, A; Rossignol, P; Sádaba, R, 2020)
"Aldosterone is a key factor in adverse cardiovascular remodeling by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in different cell types."	1.51	Endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptors oppose VEGF-induced gene expression and angiogenesis. ( Bode, C; Deng, L; Esser, JS; Fürst, D; Hein, L; Huck, M; Kowalski, J; Lother, A; Moser, M, 2019)
"Valproic acid treatment marginally enhanced global DNA methylation in the frontal cortex."	1.51	Brain derived neurotrophic factor expression and DNA methylation in response to subchronic valproic acid and/or aldosterone treatment. ( Balagova, L; Buzgoova, K; Graban, J; Hlavacova, N; Jezova, D, 2019)
"Enalapril treatment in the chronic model, however, protected against cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte atrophy and was associated with increased activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway along with normal levels of CTGF."	1.48	Diverging effects of enalapril or eplerenone in primary prevention against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. ( Basquin, D; Hullin, R; Maillard, M; Martin, D; Métrich, M; Regamey, J; Sarre, A, 2018)
"Treatment with aldosterone caused a significant increase in retinal edema and more severe retinopathy manifest as retinal whitening and extensive intraretinal hemorrhage."	1.48	Aldosterone Exposure Causes Increased Retinal Edema and Severe Retinopathy Following Laser-Induced Retinal Vein Occlusion in Mice. ( Allingham, MJ; Cousins, SW; Mettu, PS; Saloupis, P; Tserentsoodol, N, 2018)
"Chronic HFD exposure further promoted hyperinsulinemia in ASKO mice that contributed to visceral fat accumulation accompanied by reduced lipolysis, thermogenic reprogramming, and the absence of weight-gain-related EE increases."	1.48	Aldosterone deficiency in mice burdens respiration and accentuates diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and obesity. ( Faresse, N; Henneberg, M; Langhans, W; Liao, WH; Odermatt, A; Pacheco Lopez, G; Steuer, AE; Suendermann, C, 2018)
"An experimental biomodel of chronic renal insufficiency induced by ischemia was developed using selective renal artery embolization (remnant kidney porcine model)."	1.46	The effect of renal denervation in an experimental model of chronic renal insufficiency, The REmnant kidney Denervation In Pigs study (REDIP study). ( Chochola, M; Fingrová, Z; Havránek, Š; Huang, KA; Kuchynková, S; Linhart, A; Lubanda, JC; Marek, J; Mlček, M; Neužil, P, 2017)
"Aldosterone values were significantly higher in animals carrying mutations in four different genes (Sspo, Dguok, Hoxaas2 and Clstn3) and associated statistically significant adrenal Cyp11b2 overexpression as well as increased ARR was present only in mice with Sspo mutation."	1.46	Genetic characterization of a mouse line with primary aldosteronism. ( Beuschlein, F; Hantel, C; Hrabě de Angelis, M; Perez-Rivas, LG; Rathkolb, B; Reincke, M; Rhayem, Y; Sabrautzki, S; Spyroglou, A, 2017)
"HFpEF mice developed hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction and had higher myocardial natriuretic peptide expression."	1.43	Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Induces Beiging in Adipose Tissue. ( Aprahamian, T; Fuster, JJ; Hulsmans, M; Li, S; Nahrendorf, M; Sam, F; Scherer, PE; Valero-Muñoz, M; Wilson, RM, 2016)
"In patients with severe illness, such as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a physiologic stress response is triggered."	1.43	The Early Endocrine Stress Response in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ( Hillered, L; Karlsson, T; Nyberg, C; Ronne Engström, E; Stridsberg, M, 2016)
"Aldosterone effects were prevented by the AGTR1 antagonist losartan in WT mice."	1.43	Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Dysfunction Require Functional Angiotensin Type 1a Receptors. ( Barhoumi, T; Briet, M; Coelho, SC; Coffman, TM; Mian, MOR; Ouerd, S; Paradis, P; Rautureau, Y; Schiffrin, EL, 2016)
"In patients with primary aldosteronism, plasma TIMP-1 was correlated with 24-hour urinary aldosterone, left ventricular mass, and impairment of left ventricular diastolic function."	1.43	Aldosterone Induces Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Expression and Further Contributes to Collagen Accumulation: From Clinical to Bench Studies. ( Chang, YY; Chen, MF; Chen, YH; Chou, CH; Ho, YL; Hung, CS; Liao, CW; Lin, YH; Lin, YT; Su, MJ; Wu, KD; Wu, VC; Wu, XM, 2016)
" The propofol self-administration model was established by a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule of reinforced dosing over successive 14days in rats."	1.43	Glucocorticoid receptor mediated the propofol self-administration by dopamine D1 receptor in nucleus accumbens. ( Chen, Z; Dong, Z; Ge, RS; Lian, Q; Liang, Y; Lin, W; Wang, B; Wang, S; Wu, B; Zhang, G, 2016)
"Our data indicate that in mice with Liddle syndrome, the primary site of increased Na(+) reabsorption is the DCT2/CNT."	1.43	In Liddle Syndrome, Epithelial Sodium Channel Is Hyperactive Mainly in the Early Part of the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron. ( Bertog, M; Dahlmann, A; Korbmacher, C; Krueger, B; Nesterov, V; Palmisano, R, 2016)
"Plasma aldosterone is elevated in type 2 diabetes and obesity in experimental and clinical studies and can act to inhibit both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by the β-cell and insulin signaling."	1.43	Aldosterone Synthase Inhibition Improves Glucose Tolerance in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rats. ( Bornstein, SR; Brown, NF; Brunssen, C; Deussen, A; Eisenhofer, G; Engelmann, F; Hofmann, A; Huber, J; Jannasch, A; Martin, M; Mittag, J; Morawietz, H; Peitzsch, M; Streicher, R; Weldon, SM, 2016)
"Dapagliflozin treatment showed beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy, which might be via suppression of renal RAS component expression, oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis in OLETF rats."	1.43	Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, on Renal Renin-Angiotensin System in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes. ( Ahn, YB; Chung, S; Kim, ES; Kim, JW; Kim, MJ; Kim, SJ; Ko, SH; Lee, EM; Moon, SD; Shin, SJ; Yoo, YH, 2016)
"Treatment with benzamil exacerbated development of cysts compared with the vehicle-treated animals."	1.42	Impaired epithelial Na+ channel activity contributes to cystogenesis and development of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in PCK rats. ( Ilatovskaya, DV; Levchenko, V; Palygin, O; Pavlov, TS; Staruschenko, A, 2015)
"Aldosterone activation was demonstrated in all three groups; however, dietary sodium restriction, in contrast to high sodium, resulted in early (10 days) activation of PRA and aldosterone."	1.42	Dietary sodium modulation of aldosterone activation and renal function during the progression of experimental heart failure. ( Borgeson, DD; Burnett, JC; Grantham, JA; Luchner, A; Miller, WL; Redfield, MM, 2015)
"AVP may promote ventricular remodeling."	1.42	The secretion patterns and roles of cardiac and circulating arginine vasopressin during the development of heart failure. ( Chen, X; Gao, X; Li, Q; Lu, G; Tang, K, 2015)
"This agent could be useful for the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular and renal disorders."	1.42	Pharmacological profile of CS-3150, a novel, highly potent and selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. ( Aoki, K; Arai, K; Homma, T; Ishikawa, H; Mizuno, M; Morikawa, Y; Sada, T; Tsuruoka, H; Ubukata, N, 2015)
"Aldosterone is able to activate HSCs and increase PAI-1 expression during hepatic fibrosis, which may be inhibited by spironolactone."	1.42	Aldosterone and TGF-β₁ synergistically increase PAI-1 expression in hepatic stellate cells of rats. ( Gao, HJ; He, CZ; Wang, SL; Wu, HM; Yang, CQ; Yang, L, 2015)
"Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by elevated macrophage infiltration and inflammation."	1.40	Hemin therapy improves kidney function in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: role of the heme oxygenase/atrial natriuretic peptide/adiponectin axis. ( Jadhav, A; Ndisang, JF, 2014)
"Hypertension is accompanied by high or low circulating AngII levels and cardiac/renal injury."	1.40	Autocrine and paracrine function of Angiotensin 1-7 in tissue repair during hypertension. ( Chen, Y; Liu, C; Liu, H; Meng, W; Sun, Y; Zhao, T; Zhao, W, 2014)
"When hexamethonium was used to assess autonomic control of MAP, no differences in the decrease of MAP in response to ganglionic blockade were detected during the induction."	1.40	CNS neuroplasticity and salt-sensitive hypertension induced by prior treatment with subpressor doses of ANG II or aldosterone. ( Beltz, T; Clayton, SC; Johnson, AK; Xue, B; Zhang, Z, 2014)
"Peritoneal fibrosis is a complication of patients with long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)."	1.40	The aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone prevents peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis. ( Ding, JL; Hao, JB; Hao, LR; Ren, LS; Zhang, L, 2014)
"Aldosterone treatment increased lipid content of plaques (2."	1.39	Aldosterone increases early atherosclerosis and promotes plaque inflammation through a placental growth factor-dependent mechanism. ( Armani, A; Bagley, J; Caprio, M; Carmeliet, P; Chen, WS; Galayda, C; Jaffe, IZ; McGraw, AP; Nickerson, H, 2013)
"Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive collapses of the upper airway, negative thoracic pressure periods, and intermittent hypoxia, stimulating the autonomic nervous system."	1.39	Effect of renal denervation on neurohumoral activation triggering atrial fibrillation in obstructive sleep apnea. ( Böhm, M; Ewen, S; Hohl, M; Linz, D; Maack, C; Mahfoud, F; Nickel, A; Schotten, U; Wagner, M; Wirth, K, 2013)
" On the other hand, under the condition of Ang II-induced hypertension, administration of a hypotensive dosage of cilnidipine showed no effect on the plasma aldosterone levels, whereas a hypotensive dosage of nifedipine significantly increased the plasma aldosterone levels."	1.38	L/N-type calcium channel blocker suppresses reflex aldosterone production induced by antihypertensive action. ( Aritomi, S; Konda, T; Yoshimura, M, 2012)
"With a long (60 min) stress-KA delay, seizures were suppressed through activation of a glucocorticosterone receptor (GR)."	1.38	Stress and corticosteroid modulation of seizures and synaptic inhibition in the hippocampus. ( Maggio, N; Segal, M, 2012)
"Aldosterone has been linked to the deleterious cardiovascular effects of obesity in humans."	1.38	The development of hypertension and hyperaldosteronism in a rodent model of life-long obesity. ( Dorrance, AM; Fink, GD; Garver, H; Haywood, JR; Laimon-Thomson, EL; McClain, JL; Northcott, CA; Pires, PW; Rainey, WE; Rigsby, CS, 2012)
"Amiloride treatment also reduced high blood pressure caused by the high-salt diet in these mice."	1.38	Impaired sodium excretion and salt-sensitive hypertension in corin-deficient mice. ( Chen, S; Cui, Y; Jiang, J; Peng, J; Shen, J; Wang, W; Wu, Q, 2012)
"In candesartan-treated db/db mice (1 mg/kg per day, 4 weeks) increased plasma aldosterone, CYP11B2 expression, and aldosterone secretion were reduced."	1.38	Adipocytes produce aldosterone through calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways: implications in diabetes mellitus-associated obesity and vascular dysfunction. ( Briones, AM; Burger, D; Burns, KD; Callera, GE; Corrêa, JW; Gagnon, AM; Gomez-Sanchez, CE; Gomez-Sanchez, EP; He, Y; Nguyen Dinh Cat, A; Ooi, TC; Ruzicka, M; Sorisky, A; Touyz, RM; Yogi, A, 2012)
"Hypertension is characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH)."	1.38	Interferon-γ ablation exacerbates myocardial hypertrophy in diastolic heart failure. ( Baid, S; Garcia, AG; Heo, J; Murthy, NR; Ouchi, N; Sam, F; Wilson, RM, 2012)
"We tested this in 2 animal models of aldosteronism (aldosterone infusion or low-sodium diet) and in patients with primary aldosteronism."	1.38	The phosphorylated sodium chloride cotransporter in urinary exosomes is superior to prostasin as a marker for aldosteronism. ( Danser, AH; Fenton, RA; Hoorn, EJ; Jansen, PM; Salih, M; van den Meiracker, AH; van der Lubbe, N; Zietse, R, 2012)
"Spironolactone treatment reversed all the above effects."	1.37	A role for cardiotrophin-1 in myocardial remodeling induced by aldosterone. ( Cachofeiro, V; Díez, J; Fortuno, MA; Lahera, V; López-Andrés, N; Martin-Fernandez, B; Rossignol, P; Zannad, F, 2011)
"Congestive heart failure was induced in 3 groups (n=6 per group) of dogs by tachypacing."	1.36	Renal and anti-aldosterone actions of vasopressin-2 receptor antagonism and B-type natriuretic peptide in experimental heart failure. ( Boerrigter, G; Burnett, JC; Cataliotti, A; Costello-Boerrigter, LC; Harty, GJ, 2010)
"Felodipine has a protective effect on the myocardium and kidney as evidenced by decreased perivascular inflammation, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis."	1.36	Effect of felodipine on myocardial and renal injury induced by aldosterone-high salt hypertension in uninephrectomized rats. ( Franco, M; Janicki, JS; Matsubara, BB; Matsubara, LS, 2010)
"The fludrocortisone treatments also were effective at low doses in preventing or reversing the autoimmune mouse hearing loss."	1.36	Low dose combination steroids control autoimmune mouse hearing loss. ( Kempton, JB; Trune, DR, 2010)
"The ventricular remodeling of mice were induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO with the dosage of 2 mg/kg daily for 7 d and the rats with L-Thy intraperitoneally with the dosage of 0."	1.36	[Effect of Chrysanthemum indicum on ventricular remodeling in rats]. ( Chen, CX; Gao, JP; Gu, WL; Lv, J; Wan, Y; Wu, Q, 2010)
"Metabolic syndrome is a highly predisposing condition for cardiovascular disease and could be a cause of excess salt-induced organ damage."	1.35	Salt excess causes left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in rats with metabolic disorder. ( Ando, K; Fujita, M; Fujita, T; Kawarazaki, H; Matsui, H; Nagae, A; Nagase, M; Shimosawa, T, 2008)
"Aldosterone is an important mediator of cardiovascular and renal remodeling."	1.35	Increased aldosterone levels in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Birner, C; Endemann, DH; Fredersdorf, S; Heitzmann, D; Luchner, A; Muders, F; Resch, M; Riegger, GA; Schmid, P; Stoelcker, B; Ulucan, C; Weil, J, 2009)
"Aldosterone plays a detrimental role in the pathology of chronic heart failure."	1.35	Comparison of the effects of intrapericardial and intravenous aldosterone infusions on left ventricular fibrosis in rats. ( Bitsch, N; Essen, Hv; Hermans, JJ; Minnaard-Huiban, M; Smits, JF, 2008)
"Primary aldosteronism is caused by autonomous secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex which results in hypertension with clinically, biochemically and therapeutically distinct features."	1.35	Animal models of primary aldosteronism. ( Beuschlein, F, 2009)
"Cardiac hypertrophy is accompanied by maladaptive cardiac remodeling, which leads to heart failure or sudden death."	1.35	miR-23a functions downstream of NFATc3 to regulate cardiac hypertrophy. ( Gao, J; Jiao, J; Li, PF; Lin, Z; Murtaza, I; Wang, K, 2009)
"The hypertension was not different and virtually superimposable in WT vs."	1.35	The role of aldosterone in mediating the dependence of angiotensin hypertension on IL-6. ( Brands, MW; Cannon, JG; Schreihofer, DA; Sturgis, LC, 2009)
"Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension, caused by gain-of-function mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) which is expressed in aldosterone target tissues including the distal colon."	1.35	Aldosterone responsiveness of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in colon is increased in a mouse model for Liddle's syndrome. ( Bertog, M; Cuffe, JE; Hartner, A; Hilgers, KF; Hummler, E; Korbmacher, C; Porst, M; Pradervand, S; Rossier, BC, 2008)
"ACTH-induced-hypertension is commonly employed as a model of stress-related hypertension, and despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying elevated blood pressure (BP) are not well understood."	1.35	ACTH-induced hypertension is dependent on the ouabain-binding site of the alpha2-Na+-K+-ATPase subunit. ( Dostanic-Larson, I; Lasko, V; Lingrel, JB; Loreaux, EL; Lorenz, JN; Paul, RJ; Schnetzer, JR, 2008)
"Aldosterone has pro-fibrotic properties and is a potential target for additional intervention in patients with chronic renal disease showing resistance to therapy during treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)."	1.34	Effect of combining ACE inhibition with aldosterone blockade on proteinuria and renal damage in experimental nephrosis. ( Hamming, I; Kramer, AB; Navis, G; van der Meulen, EF; van Goor, H, 2007)
"Pregnant women with preeclampsia have increased serotonin levels, suggesting a possible role of this amine in abnormal pregnancy."	1.34	Pregnant rats treated with a serotonin precursor have reduced fetal weight and lower plasma volume and kallikrein levels. ( Aranda, E; Downey, P; Giacaman, A; Mezzano, D; Romero, W; Salas, SP; Vío, CP, 2007)
"Aldosterone has a pivotal role by increasing expression of 11beta-HSD2 in epithelial cells of the colon."	1.33	Aldosterone enhances 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in colonic epithelial cells in vivo. ( Fukushima, K; Funayama, Y; Haneda, S; Krozowski, ZS; Naito, H; Sasaki, I; Sasano, H; Shibata, C; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, K; Yonezawa, H, 2005)
"The spironolactone treatment did not block normal glucocorticoid receptor-mediated immune-suppression functions because mice receiving prednisolone, either with or without spironolactone, maintained normal body weights, hematocrits, and serum immune complexes."	1.33	Mineralocorticoid receptor mediates glucocorticoid treatment effects in the autoimmune mouse ear. ( Gross, ND; Kempton, JB; Trune, DR, 2006)
"Hypokalemia is a prominent feature of Gitelman syndrome and a common side effect of thiazide use in the treatment of hypertension."	1.33	Hypokalemia in a mouse model of Gitelman's syndrome. ( Hoorn, EJ; Knepper, MA; Morris, RG, 2006)
"The aldosterone content was decreased at 5 month age in the GC rats."	1.33	[Some neuroendocrinological changes in rats of cataleptic strain GC. Influences of ontogenesis and generation of breeding]. ( Alekhina, TA; Barykina, NN; Chuguĭ, VF; Kolpakov, VG; Petrova, GV; Prokudina, OI; Sakharov, DG, 2006)
"Proteinuria was prominent in SHR/NDmcr-cp compared with nonobese SHR, which was accompanied by podocyte injury as evidenced by foot process effacement, induction of desmin and attenuation of nephrin."	1.33	Enhanced aldosterone signaling in the early nephropathy of rats with metabolic syndrome: possible contribution of fat-derived factors. ( Ando, K; Fujita, T; Gotoda, T; Nagase, M; Nagase, T; Shibata, S; Yoshida, S, 2006)
"To date, its therapeutic actions in congestive heart failure (CHF) remain undefined."	1.32	Cardiorenal and humoral properties of a novel direct soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator BAY 41-2272 in experimental congestive heart failure. ( Boerrigter, G; Burnett, JC; Cataliotti, A; Costello-Boerrigter, LC; Harty, GJ; Lapp, H; Stasch, JP; Tsuruda, T, 2003)
"Aldosterone classically promotes unidirectional transepithelial sodium transport, thereby regulating blood volume and blood pressure."	1.32	Transgenic model of aldosterone-driven cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. ( Blomme, EA; Bond, BR; Funder, JW; Goellner, JJ; McMahon, EG; Qin, W; Rocha, R; Rudolph, AE, 2003)
"The Liddle syndrome is a dominant form of salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from mutations in the beta or gamma subunit of ENaC."	1.32	Dysfunction of the epithelial sodium channel expressed in the kidney of a mouse model for Liddle syndrome. ( Bens, M; Gautschi, I; Hummler, E; Loffing, J; Pradervand, S; Rossier, BC; Schild, L; Vandewalle, A, 2003)
"Thus, aldosteronism is associated with an activation of circulating immune cells induced by iterations in PBMC divalent cations and transduced by oxidative/nitrosative stress."	1.32	Aldosteronism and peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation: a neuroendocrine-immune interface. ( Ahokas, RA; Bhattacharya, SK; Gerling, IC; Herring, PA; Lu, L; Postlethwaite, AE; Sun, Y; Warrington, KJ; Weber, KT; Wodi, LA, 2003)
"Spironolactone treatment decreased PAI-1 immunoreactivity and reduced in a dose-dependent fashion cardiac and renal damage."	1.32	Aldosterone and not plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a critical mediator of early angiotensin II/NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced myocardial injury. ( Adler, GK; Jonasson, L; Martinez-Vasquez, D; Mukasa, K; Oestreicher, EM; Roubsanthisuk, W; Stone, JR, 2003)
"Aldosterone promotes collagen synthesis and structural remodeling of the heart."	1.32	Mice lacking osteopontin exhibit increased left ventricular dilation and reduced fibrosis after aldosterone infusion. ( Colucci, WS; Kerstetter, DL; Ooi, H; Sam, F; Singh, K; Singh, M; Xie, Z, 2004)
"Portal hypertension was evident earlier in BDL rats and was maintained throughout the study period."	1.31	Haemodynamic and renal evolution of the bile duct-ligated rat. ( Atucha, NM; Fortepiani, LA; García-Estañ, J; Martínez-Prieto, C; Ortíz, MC; Ruiz-Maciá, J, 2000)
"The cause of acute renal failure in AACS is thought to be multifactorial, including increased renal venous pressure, renal parenchymal pressure (RPP), and decreased cardiac output."	1.31	Effects of increased renal parenchymal pressure on renal function. ( Blocher, CR; Doty, JM; Fakhry, I; Gehr, T; Saggi, BH; Sica, D; Sugerman, HJ, 2000)
"Hyperkalemia is widely viewed as a common complication of ACE inhibition in azotemic patients."	1.31	Hyperkalemia, renal failure, and converting-enzyme inhibition: an overrated connection. ( Baigorria, ST; García, NH; Juncos, LI, 2001)
"Although autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss can be effectively treated with corticosteroids, little is known about how these drugs affect cochlear function."	1.31	Spironolactone blocks glucocorticoid-mediated hearing preservation in autoimmune mice. ( Gross, ND; Kempton, JB; Trune, DR, 2002)
"Other childhood seizures are also responsive to ACTH."	1.31	The effects of ACTH and adrenocorticosteroids on seizure susceptibility in 15-day-old male rats. ( Burnham, WM; Edwards, HE; Vimal, S, 2002)
"The classical guinea pig model for Meniere's disease, in which endolymphatic hydrops was achieved by destruction of the endolymphatic sac and obliteration of the endolymphatic duct, is a non-physiological profound model with shortcomings in relation to Meniere's disease as seen in patients."	1.30	Two-phase endolymphatic hydrops: a new dynamic guinea pig model. ( Albers, FW; Dunnebier, EA; Segenhout, JM; Wit, HP, 1997)
" Thereafter, the dosage of cortisol was reduced to induce plasma values similar to normal late-gestation cortisol concentration in ewes (1 mg/kg per day), or to values in nonpregnant ewes (0."	1.30	Sheep model for study of maternal adrenal gland function during pregnancy. ( Caldwell, SM; Cudd, TA; Keller-Wood, M; Norman, W; Wood, CE, 1998)
"Although the cause of acute renal failure in AACS may be multifactorial, renal vein compression alone has not been investigated."	1.30	Effect of increased renal venous pressure on renal function. ( Blocher, CR; Doty, JM; Fakhry, I; Gehr, TW; Pin, R; Saggi, BH; Sica, DA; Sugerman, HJ, 1999)
"Animal models for preeclampsia are no alternative to clinical studies, but they are furthering our understanding of pathophysiology in many fields."	1.30	[Animal experiment models of hypertension in pregnancy--an alternative to clinical studies?]. ( Casper, F; Hropot, M; Leiser, R; Seufert, R, 1999)
"Compared with control animals, rats with congestive heart failure displayed a slight increase in the number of peripheral granules, adjacent to the sarcolemma, but not centrally located in the Golgi areas."	1.29	Morphometric analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes of rats with experimental congestive heart failure. ( Avramovitch, N; Haramati, A; Hoffman, A; Lewinson, D; Winaver, J, 1995)
"The reactive fibrosis is thought to be related to MC excess, while cell loss and microscopic scarring may be secondary to enhanced potassium excretion or a cytotoxic effect of aldosterone."	1.29	Myocardial fibrosis in the rat with mineralocorticoid excess. Prevention of scarring by amiloride. ( Campbell, SE; Janicki, JS; Matsubara, BB; Weber, KT, 1993)
"Spironolactone was able largely to prevent the perivascular/interstitial fibrosis and scarring in either model irrespective of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial hypertension."	1.28	Reactive and reparative myocardial fibrosis in arterial hypertension in the rat. ( Brilla, CG; Weber, KT, 1992)
"Distal renal tubular acidosis has been thought to be the consequence of an impaired ability to maintain a large pH gradient between distal nephron urine and blood."	1.26	Mechanisms and classification of deranged distal urinary acidification. ( Arruda, JA; Kurtzman, NA, 1980)
"Experimental toxemia of pregnancy was induced in 8 pregnant monkeys (Macacamulatta) by reducing the abdomiinal aorta to one-third of its original diameter during the last month of gestation."	1.26	Experimental toxemia of pregnancy in the monkey, with a preliminary report on renin and aldosterone. ( Abitbol, MM; Driscoll, SG; Gallo, GR; Ober, MB; Pirani, CL, 1977)

Research

Studies (419)

Authors

Clinical Trials (18)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy: Change in Time to Complete a 100 Meter Timed Test.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	44 (10.50)	18.7374
1990's	39 (9.31)	18.2507
2000's	122 (29.12)	29.6817
2010's	186 (44.39)	24.3611
2020's	28 (6.68)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Punapart, M	1
Seppa, K	1
Jagomäe, T	1
Liiv, M	1
Reimets, R	1
Kirillov, S	1
Kaasik, A	1
Moons, L	1
De Groef, L	1
Terasmaa, A	1
Vasar, E	1
Plaas, M	1
Howard, ZM	1
Rastogi, N	1
Lowe, J	2
Hauck, JS	1
Ingale, P	1
Gomatam, C	1
Gomez-Sanchez, CE	5
Gomez-Sanchez, EP	3
Bansal, SS	1
Rafael-Fortney, JA	2
Chang, X	1
Hao, J	1
Wang, X	9
Liu, J	3
Ni, J	1
Hao, L	1
Hansen-Estruch, C	1
Bikhet, MH	1
Javed, M	1
Katsurada, A	1
Satou, R	1
Shao, W	1
Ayares, D	1
Venkataramanan, R	1
Cooper, DKC	1
Judd, E	1
Navar, LG	1
Rivera, A	1
Vega, C	1
Ramos-Rivera, A	1
Maldonado, ER	1
Prado, GN	1
Karnes, HE	1
Fesko, YA	1
Snyder, LM	1
Alper, SL	1
Romero, JR	1
Canonica, J	1
Mehanna, C	1
Bonnard, B	2
Jonet, L	1
Gelize, E	1
Jais, JP	1
Jaisser, F	6
Zhao, M	1
Behar-Cohen, F	1
Scott, NJA	2
Rademaker, MT	8
Charles, CJ	6
Espiner, EA	4
Richards, AM	8
Bobenko, AI	1
Heller, S	1
Schmitt, N	1
Cherdtrakulkiat, R	1
Lawung, R	1
Nabu, S	1
Tantimavanich, S	1
Sinthupoom, N	1
Prachayasittikul, S	1
Prachayasittikul, V	1
Zhang, B	1
Wu, C	1
Zhang, Z	6
Yan, K	1
Li, C	2
Li, Y	5
Li, L	3
Zheng, C	1
Xiao, Y	1
He, D	1
Zhao, F	1
Su, JF	1
Lun, SM	1
Hou, YJ	1
Duan, LJ	1
Wang, NC	1
Shen, FF	1
Zhang, YW	1
Gao, ZW	1
Li, J	6
Du, XJ	1
Zhou, FY	1
Yin, Z	1
Zhu, J	3
Yan, D	1
Lou, H	1
Yu, H	1
Feng, C	1
Wang, Z	2
Wang, Y	10
Hu, X	1
Li, Z	3
Shen, Y	1
Hu, D	1
Chen, H	1
Wu, X	1
Duan, Y	1
Zhi, D	1
Zou, M	3
Zhao, Z	1
Zhang, X	4
Yang, X	2
Zhang, J	3
Wang, H	3
Popović, KJ	1
Popović, DJ	1
Miljković, D	1
Lalošević, D	1
Čapo, I	1
Popović, JK	1
Liu, M	1
Song, H	2
Xing, Z	1
Lu, G	3
Chen, D	1
Valentini, AM	1
Di Pinto, F	1
Coletta, S	1
Guerra, V	1
Armentano, R	1
Caruso, ML	1
Gong, J	1
Wang, N	1
Bian, L	1
Wang, M	1
Ye, M	1
Wen, N	1
Fu, M	1
Fan, W	1
Meng, Y	2
Dong, G	1
Lin, XH	2
Liu, HH	1
Gao, DM	1
Cui, JF	1
Ren, ZG	1
Chen, RX	1
Önal, B	1
Özen, D	1
Demir, B	1
Akkan, AG	1
Özyazgan, S	1
Payette, G	1
Geoffroy, V	1
Martineau, C	1
Villemur, R	1
Jameel, T	1
Baig, M	1
Gazzaz, ZJ	1
Tashkandi, JM	1
Al Alhareth, NS	1
Khan, SA	1
Butt, NS	1
Wang, J	3
Geng, Y	1
Zhang, Y	3
Basit, A	1
Miao, T	1
Liu, W	1
Jiang, W	1
Yu, ZY	1
Wu, L	3
Qu, B	1
Sun, JX	1
Cai, AL	1
Xie, LM	1
Groeneveld, J	1
Ho, SL	1
Mackensen, A	1
Mohtadi, M	1
Laepple, T	1
Genovesi, S	1
Nava, E	1
Bartolucci, C	1
Severi, S	1
Vincenti, A	1
Contaldo, G	1
Bigatti, G	1
Ciurlino, D	1
Bertoli, SV	1
Slovak, JE	1
Hwang, JK	1
Rivera, SM	1
Villarino, NF	1
Li, S	2
Cao, G	1
Ling, M	1
Ji, J	1
Zhao, D	1
Sha, Y	1
Gao, X	3
Liang, C	2
Guo, Q	1
Zhou, C	1
Ma, Z	1
Xu, J	2
Wang, C	3
Zhao, W	5
Xia, X	1
Jiang, Y	1
Peng, J	2
Jia, Z	1
Li, F	1
Chen, X	4
Mo, J	1
Zhang, S	2
Li, X	2
Huang, T	1
Zhu, Q	1
Wang, S	3
Ge, RS	2
Fortunato, G	1
Lin, J	2
Agarwal, PK	1
Kohen, A	1
Singh, P	1
Cheatum, CM	1
Zhu, D	1
Hayman, A	1
Kebede, B	1
Stewart, I	1
Chen, G	1
Frew, R	1
Guo, X	1
Gong, Q	1
Borowiec, J	1
Han, S	1
Zhang, M	3
Willis, M	1
Kreouzis, T	1
Yu, K	1
Chirvony, VS	1
Sekerbayev, KS	1
Pérez-Del-Rey, D	1
Martínez-Pastor, JP	1
Palazon, F	1
Boix, PP	1
Taurbayev, TI	1
Sessolo, M	1
Bolink, HJ	1
Lu, M	1
Lan, Y	1
Xiao, J	3
Song, M	1
Chen, C	1
Huang, Q	1
Cao, Y	1
Ho, CT	1
Qi, B	1
Wang, Q	1
Zhang, W	2
Fang, L	1
Xie, CL	1
Chen, R	1
Yang, S	1
Xia, JM	1
Zhang, GY	1
Chen, CH	1
Yang, XW	1
Domenech-Ximenos, B	1
Garza, MS	1
Prat-González, S	1
Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á	1
Crispi, F	1
Perea, RJ	1
Garcia-Alvarez, A	1
Sitges, M	1
Kalumpha, M	1
Guyo, U	1
Zinyama, NP	1
Vakira, FM	1
Nyamunda, BC	1
Varga, M	1
Drácz, L	1
Kolbenheyer, E	1
Varga, F	1
Patai, ÁV	1
Solymosi, N	1
Patai, Á	1
Kiss, J	1
Gaál, V	1
Nyul, Z	1
Mosdósi, B	1
Valdez, M	1
Moosavi, L	1
Heidari, A	1
Novakovic-Agopian, T	1
Kornblith, E	1
Abrams, G	1
McQuaid, JR	1
Posecion, L	1
Burciaga, J	1
D'Esposito, M	1
Chen, AJW	1
Samy El Gendy, NM	1
Wesolowska, P	1
Georg, D	1
Lechner, W	1
Kazantsev, P	1
Bokulic, T	1
Tedgren, AC	1
Adolfsson, E	1
Campos, AM	1
Alves, VGL	1
Suming, L	1
Hao, W	1
Ekendahl, D	1
Koniarova, I	1
Bulski, W	1
Chelminski, K	1
Samper, JLA	1
Vinatha, SP	1
Rakshit, S	1
Siri, S	1
Tomsejm, M	1
Tenhunen, M	1
Povall, J	1
Kry, SF	1
Followill, DS	1
Thwaites, DI	1
Izewska, J	1
Kang, JH	1
Yoon, Y	1
Song, J	1
Van de Winckel, A	1
Gauthier, L	1
Chao, CT	1
Lee, YH	1
Li, CM	1
Han, DS	1
Huang, JW	1
Huang, KC	1
Ni, L	1
Güttinger, R	1
Triana, CA	1
Spingler, B	1
Baldridge, KK	1
Patzke, GR	1
Shen, X	1
Wang, B	3
Xie, S	1
Deng, W	1
Wu, D	2
Zhang, Q	2
Voskamp, BJ	1
Peelen, MJCS	1
Ravelli, ACJ	1
van der Lee, R	1
Mol, BWJ	1
Pajkrt, E	1
Ganzevoort, W	1
Kazemier, BM	1
Tibrewala, R	1
Bahroos, E	1
Mehrabian, H	1
Foreman, SC	1
Link, TM	1
Pedoia, V	1
Majumdar, S	1
Jablonski, CL	1
Leonard, C	1
Salo, P	1
Krawetz, RJ	1
Yoon, N	1
Hong, SN	1
Cho, JG	1
Jeong, HK	1
Lee, KH	1
Park, HW	1
Barman, S	1
Konai, MM	1
Samaddar, S	1
Haldar, J	1
Mohamed, HSH	1
Li, CF	1
Hu, ZY	1
Deng, Z	1
Chen, LH	1
Su, BL	1
Chu, K	1
Liu, YP	1
Li, YB	1
Zhang, H	1
Xu, C	2
Zou, Z	1
Wu, Z	2
Xia, Y	2
Zhao, P	1
Wang, HT	1
de Biase, S	1
Pellitteri, G	1
Gigli, GL	1
Valente, M	1
Faulkner, JL	2
Belin de Chantemèle, EJ	3
Schewe, J	1
Seidel, E	1
Forslund, S	1
Marko, L	1
Peters, J	4
Muller, DN	3
Fahlke, C	1
Stölting, G	1
Scholl, U	1
Xiao, Z	1
King, G	1
Mancarella, S	1
Munkhsaikhan, U	1
Cao, L	1
Cai, C	1
Quarles, LD	1
Klapper-Goldstein, H	2
Murninkas, M	2
Gillis, R	2
Mulla, W	1
Levanon, E	1
Elyagon, S	2
Schuster, R	1
Danan, D	1
Cohen, H	1
Etzion, Y	2
Yamashita, K	1
Ito, K	2
Endo, J	1
Matsuhashi, T	2
Katsumata, Y	2
Yamamoto, T	2
Shirakawa, K	1
Isobe, S	1
Kataoka, M	1
Yoshida, N	1
Goto, S	2
Moriyama, H	1
Kitakata, H	1
Mitani, F	2
Fukuda, K	2
Goda, N	1
Ichihara, A	1
Sano, M	2
Beck, KR	1
Telisman, L	1
van Koppen, CJ	1
Thompson, GR	1
Odermatt, A	2
Zhong, B	2
Wu, Q	4
Zhu, T	2
Ayuzawa, N	2
Nishimoto, M	2
Ueda, K	2
Hirohama, D	1
Kawarazaki, W	2
Shimosawa, T	2
Marumo, T	1
Fujita, T	7
Koh, CY	1
Kini, RM	1
Frindt, G	2
Bertog, M	3
Korbmacher, C	3
Palmer, LG	2
Dinh, QN	1
Vinh, A	1
Kim, HA	1
Saini, N	1
Broughton, BRS	1
Chrissobolis, S	2
Diep, H	1
Judkins, CP	1
Drummond, GR	1
Sobey, CG	2
Mandatori, S	1
Pacella, I	1
Marzolla, V	1
Mammi, C	1
Starace, D	1
Padula, F	1
Vitiello, L	1
Armani, A	2
Savoia, C	1
Taurino, M	1
De Zio, D	1
Giampietri, C	1
Piconese, S	1
Cecconi, F	1
Caprio, M	2
Filippini, A	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Spironolactone in Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD): A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending Dose, Phase 1b Study[NCT05807139]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-03	Recruiting
A Phase II Open-Label, Multiple Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Exploratory Efficacy of Vamorolone in Boys Ages 2 to <4 Years and 7 to <18 Years With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)[NCT05185622]	Phase 2	54 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-21	Recruiting
A Phase II Pilot Trial of Vamorolone vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Becker Muscular Dystrophy[NCT05166109]	Phase 2	39 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-07	Recruiting
Mineralocorticoid Receptor, Coronary Microvascular Function, and Cardiac Efficiency in Hypertension[NCT05593055]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-25	Recruiting
Serum Levels of Advanced Glycation End-products After Dietary Intervention in Hypertensive Patients: Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT02848677]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Recruiting
Phase III, Single-Center, Open Label, Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of PectaSol-C Modified Citrus Pectin on PSA Kinetics in Prostate Cancer in the Setting of Serial Increases in PSA[NCT01681823]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Open Label Trial of Spironolactone Versus Prednisolone in Corticosteroid-naïve Boys With DMD[NCT03777319]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-05	Terminated (stopped due to Inability to recruit participants.)
Assessment of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System (RAAS) and Antidiuretic Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Before and During Treatment With Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i): the GliRACo 1 Study[NCT03917758]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-10	Recruiting
The Relationship Between Serine Threonine Kinase 39 (STK39) Genotypes, Salt Sensitivity, Thiazide Diuretics-induced Blood Pressure Response[NCT00896389]	Phase 4	124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Monocentric STUDY, Randomised Double Blinded (Healthy Subjects, or Transversal (Patients With Gitelman Syndrome)[NCT02297048]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Lysine-specific Demethylase 1 and Salt-sensitivity in Humans[NCT03029806]		88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-02	Active, not recruiting
Renal Ageing-sarcopenia Network: a Combined Genetic, Immunological and Psychological Approach to Dissect Frailty[NCT04630132]		1,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-03-25	Recruiting
The Impact of Meal Timing on Neurovascular Control in Adults[NCT04133701]		34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-02	Completed
Identification of New Biomarkers for the Classification and Monitoring of Difficult-to-treat Arterial Hypertension: Prospective Observational Study[NCT03034265]		24 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-05-31	Completed
The Influence of High and Low Salt on Exosomes in the Urine[NCT02823613]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Is Spironolactone Safe and Effective in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Mild Chronic Renal Failure?[NCT00291720]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Evaluating the Effect of Spironolactone on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-- a Multicenter Randomized Control Trial[NCT02948998]	Phase 4	260 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-14	Not yet recruiting
Usefulness of Spironolactone for the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation[NCT03206658]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The determination of whether spironolactone has similar efficacy to glucocorticoids in improving muscle strength in steroid naïve DMD patients. This will be determined by measuring the time to complete a 100 meter timed test (100M). (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Efficacy: Dynamometry Score

Intervention	sec (Number)
Spironolactone	-0.6
Prednisolone	-5.3

Secondary outcome measures will be Dynamometry score, which is a summation of maximum voluntary isometric contraction test values for knee flexion, knee extension, elbow flexion, and elbow extension (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Safety Will be Monitored Through Regular Review of Electrolytes.

Intervention	kg (Number)
	Elbow Flexion (Right)-Baseline	Elbow Flexion (Left)-Baseline	Elbow Extension (Right)-Baseline	Elbow Extension (Left)-Baseline	Knee Flexion (Right)-Baseline	Knee Flexion (Left)-Baseline	Knee Extension (Right)-Baseline	Knee Extension (Left)-Baseline	Elbow Flexion (Right)-Month 6	Elbow Flexion (Left)-Month 6	Elbow Extension (Right)-Month 6	Elbow Extension (Left)-Month 6	Knee Flexion (Right)-Month 6	Knee Flexion (Left)-Month 6	Knee Extension (Right)-Month 6	Knee Extension (Left)-Month 6
Prednisolone	3.6	4.1	5.3	4.1	3.3	3.4	4.8	5.2	2.9	3.4	4.3	3.8	4.1	3.9	6	5.1
Spironolactone	0	0	0	0	4.1	2.8	3.8	5.9	3.1	3.5	2.4	2.5	4.3	4.1	7.2	8.3

Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Cloride and Carbon dioxide, mmol/L) will be measured on a monthly basis following initiation of either spironolactone or prednisolone. (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Blood Pressure Change After 7 Days of High Dose (25 mg) of HCTZ

Intervention	mmol/L (Number)
	Sodium-Baseline	Sodium-Month 1	Sodium-Month 2	Sodium-Month 3	Sodium-Month 4	Sodium-Month 5	Sodium-Month 6	Potassium-Baseline	Potassium-Month 1	Potassium-Month 2	Potassium-Month 3	Potassium-Month 4	Potassium-Month 5	Potassium-Month 6	Chloride-Baseline	Chloride-Month 1	Chloride-Month 2	Chloride-Month 3	Chloride-Month 4	Chloride-Month 5	Chloride-Month 6	CO2-Baseline	CO2-Month 1	CO2-Month 2	CO2-Month 3	CO2-Month 4	CO2-Month 5	CO2-Month 6
Prednisolone	140	140	139	141	139	139	143	3.8	4	4.5	3.9	4.6	4.2	3.9	105	105	104	105	105	106	105	22	24	24	24	25	26	26
Spironolactone	142	142	141	142	139	139	140	4.5	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.3	103	109	107	103	103	103	101	29	22	25	27	28	28	26

Blood pressure change is defined as SBP or DBP average over the 24 hour period, Day 8 subtracts Day 0. (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: 24-hr Ambulatory blood pressure were measured every hour on day 0 and day 8

Blood Pressure Change After 7 Days of Low Dose (12.5 mg) of HCTZ

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	DBP, Genotype GG	DBP, Genotype AG	DBP, Genotype AA	SBP, Genotype GG	SBP, Genotype AG	SBP, Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	-2	0.7	-1.7	1	-1.3	-4.5

Blood Pressure Change During Salt Loading

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	DBP, Genotype GG	DBP, Genotype AG	DBP, Genotype AA	SBP, Genotype GG	SBP, Genotype AG	SBP, Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	0	2.0	-1.1	1.0	-0.7	-4.2

"Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured every 15 minutes for 4 hours.~Blood pressure change is calculated by the trapezoid method. Essentially we use the average of blood pressure at each pair of time points (for example, DBP 30min + DBP 15min)/2 + (DBP 45min + DBP 30min)/2 + … up to 4 hours.) normalized by baseline SBP/DBP." (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Every 15 minutes for 4 hours

Change in Plasma Aldosterone Level Due to Salt-loading

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	DBP, Genotype GG	DBP, Genotype AG	DBP, Genotype AA	SBP, Genotype GG	SBP, Genotype AG	SBP, Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	-25.5	34.6	23.2	-41.4	62.9	44.8

Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a critical role in homeostatic regulation of blood pressure. Change is defined as the post-salt loading values minus the pre-salt loading values (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Aldosterone was measured from blood collected pre and post salt loading

Change in Plasma Renin Activity Due to Salt-loading

Intervention	ng/dL (Mean)
	Genotype GG	Genotype AG	Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	-7.5	-1.2	-1.9

Renin is an enzyme that mediates extracellular fluid and regulates blood pressure. Plasma renin activity (PRA) is a measure of the activity of the plasma enzyme renin. PRA is measured in the laboratory by incubating plasma at physiologic temperature in a buffer that facilitates its enzymatic activity. The natural substrate for the enzyme renin is angiotensinogen. Exogenous angiotensinogen is not added to the reaction mixture. This means that, in effect, the PRA results reported are dependent on both renin concentration and the concentration of its substrate in the patient's plasma. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to produce a decapeptide, angiotensin I, the concentration of which is assayed using liquid chromatography accompanied by tandem mass spectroscopic detection (LC/MS/MS). PRA levels are reported as the amount of angiotensin I generated per unit of time. Change is defined as the post-salt loading values minus the pre-salt loading values (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Renin was measured from blood collected pre and post salt loading

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level Due to Salt-loading

Intervention	ng/ml/h (Mean)
	Genotype GG	Genotype AG	Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	-0.8	-0.3	-0.4

Na/K ratio is a function of kidney function (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Plasma sodium and potassium measured from blood collected pre and post salt loading

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level During High Dose of HCTZ

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	Genotype GG	Genotype AG	Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	0.3	-0.3	0.1

Na/K ratio is a function of kidney function (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Plasma sodium and potassium measured from blood collected pre and post salt loading

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level During Low Dose of HCTZ

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	Genotype GG	Genotype AG	Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	1	0	2.3

Na/K ratio is a function of kidney function (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Plasma sodium and potassium measured from blood collected pre and post salt loading

Fasting Glucose Change After 7 Days of High Dose (25mg) of HCTZ

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	Genotype GG	Genotype AG	Genotype AA
rs35929607 SNP	0	1.0	0.6

Values on Day 8 subtracts Day 0. (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Fasting glucose was measured on day 0 and day 8

Fasting Glucose Change After 7 Days of Low Dose (12.5 mg) of HCTZ

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Fasting glucose, GG Genotype	Fasting glucose, AG Genotype	Fasting glucose, AA Genotype
rs35929607 SNP	1.0	1.0	2.3

Values on Day 8 subtracts Day 0. (NCT00896389)
Timeframe: Fasting glucose was measured on day 0 and day 8

Article	Year
Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2019, Volume: 475, Issue:2227 Topics: Acetylcholine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Actinobacteria; Action Potentials; Adalimumab; Adaptation, P	2019
Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension. Current hypertension reports, 2019, 09-04, Volume: 21, Issue:10 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Epithelial S	2019
The role of aldosterone inhibitors in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2021, Volume: 99, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Ve	2021
New Sides of Aldosterone Action in Cardiovascular System as Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Current drug targets, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:16 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Disea	2018
Genetics of mineralocorticoid excess: an update for clinicians. European journal of endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 169, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; G Pr	2013
Aldosterone and vascular mineralocorticoid receptors: regulators of ion channels beyond the kidney. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Disease Models, Animal	2014
Recent topics on podocytes and aldosterone. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; Mice; Podocy	2015
Renal mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension: contribution of two steroid receptor-associated pathways. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2015, Mar-01, Volume: 308, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Sodium Channels; Humans;	2015
The roles of sensitization and neuroplasticity in the long-term regulation of blood pressure and hypertension. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2015, Dec-01, Volume: 309, Issue:11 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Syst	2015
Aldosterone as an independent factor in cerebrovascular damage. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hyp	2008
Aldosterone and progression of kidney disease. Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease, 2009, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Pro	2009
Angiotensin II signaling and its implication in erectile dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine, 2009, Volume: 6 Suppl 3 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Erectile Dysfun	2009
Effects of eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on clinical and experimental salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2009, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eplerenone; Humans; Hypertension; Mineralocorticoid Re	2009
Animal models of primary aldosteronism. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperaldosteronism; Mice; Mice, Knockout; M	2010
Cellular and molecular pathways to myocardial necrosis and replacement fibrosis. Heart failure reviews, 2011, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypercalciuria; Hyper	2011
Aldosterone and cardiovascular disease. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hyp	2010
Aldosterone and inflammation. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation; Minera	2010
Activation of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor system in chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2010, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Hypertensi	2010
Endolymphatic hydrops: pathophysiology and experimental models. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 2010, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Aldosterone; Animals; Chronic Disease; Cyclic AMP; Disease Models, Animal; Endolymph;	2010
From aldosteronism to oxidative stress: the role of excessive intracellular calcium accumulation. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:11 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperaldosteronism; Myocard	2010
This is not Dr. Conn's aldosterone anymore. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 2011, Volume: 122 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme	2011
Aldosterone, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation in hypertension-related cardiovascular and renal diseases. Free radical biology & medicine, 2012, Jul-15, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypera	2012
Aldosterone increases earlier than corticosterone in new animal models of depression: is this an early marker? Journal of psychiatric research, 2012, Volume: 46, Issue:11 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Biomarkers; Corticosterone; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Femal	2012
Aldosterone in renal disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 2003, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as	2003
Eplerenone, a new selective aldosterone blocker. Current pharmaceutical design, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:13 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Disease Model	2003
Eplerenone: cardiovascular protection. Circulation, 2003, May-20, Volume: 107, Issue:19 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Disease Models, Animal; Eplere	2003
[Roll of aldosterone in pathogenesis of kidney disorders]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2005, Jul-10, Volume: 94, Issue:7 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Body Water; Disease Models, Animal; Eplerenone; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney D	2005
Human adrenal cortex hyperfunction due to LH/hCG. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2007, Apr-15, Volume: 269, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Aldosterone; Androge	2007
Aldosterone and glomerular podocyte injury. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2008, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative St	2008
A clinical approach in regression of glomerulosclerosis. Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme	2007
Hypertension, the adrenal and the kidney: lessons from pharmacologic interruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Advances in internal medicine, 1980, Volume: 25 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Angiotensins; Animals; Blo	1980
[Pharmacological effects of captopril]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1981, Apr-30, Volume: 10, Issue:19 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Angiotensins; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradyk	1981
Pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid hypertension. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Aldosterone; Animals; Bloo	1981
Role of neurohormones in ventricular adaptation and failure. The American journal of cardiology, 1994, Apr-07, Volume: 73, Issue:10 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Disease Models, Anima	1994
Hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis: pathophysiologic insights. Kidney international, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aldosterone; Animals; Chlorides; Disease Models	1997
A critique of the overfill hypothesis of sodium and water retention in the nephrotic syndrome. Kidney international, 1998, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Humans; Models, Biologica	1998
K(+) depletion and the progression of hypertensive disease or heart failure. The pathogenic role of diuretic-induced aldosterone secretion. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2001, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease	2001
The renin axis and vasoconstriction volume analysis for understanding and treating renovascular and renal hypertension. The American journal of medicine, 1975, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Disease Models, Animal; Diuresis	1975
Experimental toxemia of pregnancy: review and speculation. Pathology annual, 1977, Volume: 12 Pt 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Endocrine Glands; Female; Humans	1977
An apraisal of the role of aldosterone and the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 1979, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Sympathetic	1979
New concepts of the renin system and of vasoconstriction-volume mechanisms. Diagnosis and treatment of renovascular and renal hypertensions. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1975, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hyper	1975
Role of neuroendocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Basic research in cardiology, 1991, Volume: 86 Suppl 3 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Heart	1991
Adrenocortical insufficiency. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Addison Disease; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Androstenedione; A	1985
The new world primates as animal models of glucocorticoid resistance. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1986, Volume: 196 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldehyde-Lyases; Aldosterone; Animals; Aotus trivirgatu	1986
Animal models of mineralocorticoid resistance. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1986, Volume: 196 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Corticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; D	1986
[An experimental model of renal tubular acidosis--with special reference to distal renal tubular acidosis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1985, Volume: 43, Issue:9 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Amphotericin B; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Disease Mo	1985
Degeneration of the autonomic nervous system. Lancet (London, England), 1971, Jul-24, Volume: 2, Issue:7717 Topics: Acute Disease; Adie Syndrome; Aldosterone; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Volume; Bulbar P	1971
Agents which block the action of the renin-angiotensin system. Circulation research, 1974, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs;	1974
Edema. Annual review of medicine, 1970, Volume: 21 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyponatremia; Kidn	1970

aldosterone and Disease Models, Animal

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (419)

Authors

Clinical Trials (18)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy: Change in Time to Complete a 100 Meter Timed Test.

Efficacy: Dynamometry Score

Safety Will be Monitored Through Regular Review of Electrolytes.

Blood Pressure Change After 7 Days of High Dose (25 mg) of HCTZ

Blood Pressure Change After 7 Days of Low Dose (12.5 mg) of HCTZ

Blood Pressure Change During Salt Loading

Change in Plasma Aldosterone Level Due to Salt-loading

Change in Plasma Renin Activity Due to Salt-loading

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level Due to Salt-loading

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level During High Dose of HCTZ

Change in Plasma Sodium/Potassium Level During Low Dose of HCTZ

Fasting Glucose Change After 7 Days of High Dose (25mg) of HCTZ

Fasting Glucose Change After 7 Days of Low Dose (12.5 mg) of HCTZ

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies