albuterol and Chronic Disease studies

Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.
albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We report a 4 yr follow up study of seven asthmatic children with chronic persistent asthma, high-residual volume and low-density areas at high-resolution computerized tomography after treatment with salmeterol and fluticasone."	9.11	Montelukast and airway remodeling in children with chronic persistent asthma: an open study. ( Boner, AL; Caramella, D; De Marco, E; Pietrobelli, A; Pifferi, M; Ragazzo, V, 2004)
"Initial maintenance therapy with FSC provides greater improvement in asthma control and patient satisfaction than montelukast."	9.10	Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination compared with montelukast for the treatment of persistent asthma. ( Bowers, B; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Kalberg, C; Lieberman, AK; Pearlman, DS; Pepsin, PJ; Rickard, KA; White, MV, 2002)
"From a third-party payer perspective, this analysis shows that based on increased efficacy and only a slight increase in cost, twice-daily treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is more cost effective than once-daily treatment with montelukast as initial maintenance therapy for persistent asthma."	9.10	Cost-effectiveness comparison of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus montelukast in the treatment of adults with persistent asthma. ( Borker, R; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Rickard, K; Sheth, K, 2002)
" Overall reductions in supplemental albuterol use and mean asthma symptom scores were also significantly greater in children administered salmeterol compared with placebo (P=."	9.08	Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate powder in children with chronic persistent asthma. ( Arledge, T; Bronsky, EA; Byrne, A; Liddle, R; Pearlman, DS; Stahl, E; Weinstein, SF, 1998)
"Nedocromil sodium is recommended for daily treatment of mild persistent asthma but its effect on cellular changes in asthmatic airways is poorly understood."	9.08	Effect of regular nedocromil sodium or albuterol on bronchial inflammation in chronic asthma. ( Altraja, A; Laitinen, A; Laitinen, LA; Marran, S; Märtson, T; Meriste, S; Sillastu, H, 1996)
"Fluticasone propionate powder twice daily (500 microg/day) was superior in efficacy to triamcinolone acetonide aerosol four times daily (800 microg/day) in patients with persistent asthma."	9.08	Fluticasone propionate powder administered through Diskhaler versus triamcinolone acetonide aerosol administered through metered-dose inhaler in patients with persistent asthma. ( Ayars, GH; Berger, WE; Chervinsky, P; Condemi, JJ; Edwards, L; Ford, LB; Goldstein, MF; Pepsin, PJ; Rogenes, PR, 1997)
"Azelastine, an oral nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug with a good safety profile, has demonstrated relief of symptoms in patients with asthma."	9.08	An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of azelastine in patients with chronic asthma. Azelastine-Asthma Study Group. ( , 1996)
" Efficacy was assessed by changes in FEV1, asthma symptom scores, albuterol use, and peak flow rates."	9.08	Dose-ranging study of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily triamcinolone acetonide inhalation aerosol in moderately severe asthma. ( Farrar, JR; Feiss, G; Levy, S; Smith, JA; Welch, MJ, 1997)
"Salmeterol inhaled twice daily is more effective than albuterol inhaled four times a day (or as needed) in patients with asthma requiring maintenance therapy."	9.07	Salmeterol xinafoate as maintenance therapy compared with albuterol in patients with asthma. ( D'Alonzo, GE; Henochowicz, S; Morris, RJ; Nathan, RA; Ratner, P; Rennard, SI, 1994)
"Three combination regimens, (1) inhaled albuterol (ALB) with oral theophylline (THEO), (2) inhaled ALB with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), or (3) inhaled ALB, inhaled BDP, and oral THEO, were evaluated and compared as optimal pharmacotherapy for chronic asthma in 111 children."	9.07	Long-term comparison of three combinations of albuterol, theophylline, and beclomethasone in children with chronic asthma. ( Eigen, HN; Ellis, EF; Hemstreet, MP; Meltzer, EO; Orgel, HA, 1992)
"The relative benefit of maintenance therapy with theophylline, inhaled albuterol, and the combination was examined in 18 adolescents and adults with chronic asthma during a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial."	9.06	Relative efficacy of maintenance therapy with theophylline, inhaled albuterol, and the combination for chronic asthma. ( Ahrens, RC; Joad, JP; Lindgren, SD; Weinberger, MM, 1987)
"The extrapulmonary effects of slow-release theophylline and an inhaled beta 2-agonist (albuterol) were examined separately and in combination among 18 adults and adolescents with asthma during a 3-month randomized, double-blind, crossover trial."	9.06	Extrapulmonary effects of maintenance therapy with theophylline and inhaled albuterol in patients with chronic asthma. ( Ahrens, RC; Joad, JP; Lindgren, SD; Weinberger, MM, 1986)
"A double-blind, randomized, crossover chronic study was done to determine the efficacy of colchicine in 10 atopic patients with asthma."	9.06	A clinical and immunologic study of colchicine in asthma. ( Garty, MS; Greif, J; Ilfeld, DN; Kivity, S; Schlesinger, M; Schwarz, YA; Topilsky, M, 1990)
"The effect of long-term treatment with theophylline was studied in 20 chronic asthmatic patients receiving oral and inhaled beta 2-agonists."	9.06	Theophylline in maintenance treatment of chronic asthma: concentration-dependent additional effect to beta 2-agonist therapy. ( Billing, B; Dahlqvist, R; Hörnblad, Y; Leideman, T; Ripe, E; Skareke, L, 1987)
"We have compared the effects of oral theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function in twelve patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema."	9.05	The effects of theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. ( Deacock, SJ; George, RJ; Langford, JA; Rudd, RM; Winter, RJ, 1984)
"Calcium-channel blockers such as verapamil and nifedipine have been shown to inhibit exercise-induced asthma as well as acutely induced bronchoconstriction, but little is known of their chronic effects, if any, on bronchial asthma."	9.05	Nifedipine in chronic bronchial asthma: a randomized double-blind crossover trial against placebo. ( Boismare, F; Lemercier, JP; Leprevost, A; Moore, ND; Ozenne, G; Pasquis, P; Tardif, C, 1985)
"Albuterol (salbutamol) syrup was studied in 14 asthmatic children (three to six years of age) in a four-week, double-blind, crossover (with placebo) trial to determine efficacy, safety and tolerance."	9.05	Albuterol syrup in the treatment of the young asthmatic child. ( Katz, RM; Rachelefsky, GS; Siegel, SC, 1981)
"Twenty-one patients with chronic bronchitis and reversible airway obstruction participated in two single-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies in inhaled clenbuterol - a new bronchodilator - and salbutamol."	9.05	A comparison between inhaled clenbuterol and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis with reversible airway obstruction. ( Baronti, A; Grieco, A; Vibelli, C, 1980)
"In a double-blind controlled trial 14 chronic asthmatic patients with regular nocturnal exacerbations took 16 mg slow-release oral salbutamol (two Ventolin spandets), 450 mg slow-release aminophylline (two Phyllocontin Continus tablets), or placebo at midnight."	9.05	Slow-release oral salbutamol and aminophylline in nocturnal asthma: relation of overnight changes in lung function and plasma drug levels. ( Davies, HJ; Fairfax, AJ; McNabb, WR; Spiro, SG, 1980)
"The effect of adding theophylline to treatment with a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant was studied in 18 asthmatic children in a double-blind cross-over trial."	9.05	Combined treatment with sustained-release theophylline and beta2-adrenoceptor-stimulating agents in chronic childhood asthma. ( Foucard, T; Lindström, B; Lönnerholm, G, 1981)
"The bronchodilator effects of aerosols of hexoprenaline (200 microgram and 400 microgram), and salbutamol (200 microgram) were compared in 15 patients with asthma, and nine patients with chronic bronchitis."	9.04	Bronchodilator effect of hexoprenaline aerosol in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Evers, R; Harris, M; Jenne, H; McMiken, D; Schonell, M, 1977)
"Eleven patients with bronchial asthma and 10 with chronic bronchitis were treated over four consecutive 3-day periods, firstly with aerosols either of ipratropium bromide (40 microgram four times a day) or of salbutamol (200 microgram four times daily) by random allocation, then the alternate drug, next by both drugs together, and finally with prednisolone (10 mg three times daily) in addition to both drugs."	9.04	Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol and prednisolone in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Ingram, CG; Johnston, RN; Legge, JS; Lightbody, IM, 1978)
"To compare risk of hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit and healthcare costs in patients with chronic bronchitis initiating inhaled maintenance therapy with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 mcg combination (FSC) versus other inhaled maintenance therapies."	7.75	Healthcare use and costs in patients with chronic bronchitis initiating maintenance therapy with fluticasone/salmeterol vs other inhaled maintenance therapies. ( Blanchette, CM; Dalal, AA; Delea, TE; Hagiwara, M; Stanford, RH, 2009)
"Fifty children primarily with moderate-to-severe asthma were followed with measurements of urinary LTE(4), monitoring of FEV(1), and albuterol use."	7.73	Urine leukotriene E4 levels are associated with decreased pulmonary function in children with persistent airway obstruction. ( Gelfand, EW; Rabinovitch, N; Zhang, L, 2006)
"From a US third-party payer's perspective, these findings suggest that treating the two main components of asthma (inflammation and bronchoconstriction) with FP/salmeterol may not only be a more cost-effective strategy but may actually lead to cost savings compared with the addition of montelukast to low-dose FP in patients with persistent asthma."	7.72	Cost effectiveness of fluticasone propionate plus salmeterol versus fluticasone propionate plus montelukast in the treatment of persistent asthma. ( Borker, R; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Jhingran, P; Nelson, H; O'Connor, RD; Rickard, K, 2004)
"Forty patients suffering from chronic bronchitis with basal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values at least 20% below ECSC (European Community Steel and Coal) predicted values were treated with a combination of salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate or with theophylline for a period of 4 weeks."	7.67	Salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate versus theophylline for the prevention of methacholine-induced bronchospasm in patients with chronic bronchitis. ( Arossa, W; Spinaci, S; Testi, R, 1985)
"Studies using the guinea pig ileum bioassay technique have previously shown that patients with either asthma or chronic bronchitis have increased amounts of histamine in their sputum."	7.66	Histamine content of sputum from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Bryant, DH; Pui, A, 1982)
"Intravenous injections of aminophylline (250 mg) and tablets of theophylline (Neulin) (400 mg) were given, on separate occasions, to 10 patients with partially reversible severe airway obstruction."	7.65	Aminophylline injection and theophylline tablets: Acute response in partially reversible chronic airway obstruction. ( Freitag, A, 1976)
" Patients with mild to moderate asthma will be randomly allocated to either a verum acupuncture plus as-needed salbutamol aerosol and/or prednisone tablets group or a sham acupuncture plus as-needed salbutamol aerosol and/or prednisone tablets group."	5.20	Efficacy of acupuncture for chronic asthma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ( Fan, L; Feng, JT; Hu, CP; Liu, YY; Shao, SJ; Wang, PY; Wang, WQ; Wang, Y; Xu, YD; Yang, YQ; Yin, LM; Zhang, TF, 2015)
"We report a 4 yr follow up study of seven asthmatic children with chronic persistent asthma, high-residual volume and low-density areas at high-resolution computerized tomography after treatment with salmeterol and fluticasone."	5.11	Montelukast and airway remodeling in children with chronic persistent asthma: an open study. ( Boner, AL; Caramella, D; De Marco, E; Pietrobelli, A; Pifferi, M; Ragazzo, V, 2004)
"From a third-party payer perspective, this analysis shows that based on increased efficacy and only a slight increase in cost, twice-daily treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is more cost effective than once-daily treatment with montelukast as initial maintenance therapy for persistent asthma."	5.10	Cost-effectiveness comparison of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus montelukast in the treatment of adults with persistent asthma. ( Borker, R; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Rickard, K; Sheth, K, 2002)
"Initial maintenance therapy with FSC provides greater improvement in asthma control and patient satisfaction than montelukast."	5.10	Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination compared with montelukast for the treatment of persistent asthma. ( Bowers, B; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Kalberg, C; Lieberman, AK; Pearlman, DS; Pepsin, PJ; Rickard, KA; White, MV, 2002)
" Backup albuterol was available to control asthma symptoms."	5.09	Long-term cardiovascular safety of salmeterol powder pharmacotherapy in adolescent and adult patients with chronic persistent asthma: a randomized clinical trial. ( Arledge, T; Chervinsky, P; Galant, S; Goldberg, P; Stahl, E; Wang, Y; Welch, MB, 1999)
"Nedocromil sodium is recommended for daily treatment of mild persistent asthma but its effect on cellular changes in asthmatic airways is poorly understood."	5.08	Effect of regular nedocromil sodium or albuterol on bronchial inflammation in chronic asthma. ( Altraja, A; Laitinen, A; Laitinen, LA; Marran, S; Märtson, T; Meriste, S; Sillastu, H, 1996)
" Efficacy was assessed by changes in FEV1, asthma symptom scores, albuterol use, and peak flow rates."	5.08	Dose-ranging study of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily triamcinolone acetonide inhalation aerosol in moderately severe asthma. ( Farrar, JR; Feiss, G; Levy, S; Smith, JA; Welch, MJ, 1997)
"Fluticasone propionate powder twice daily (500 microg/day) was superior in efficacy to triamcinolone acetonide aerosol four times daily (800 microg/day) in patients with persistent asthma."	5.08	Fluticasone propionate powder administered through Diskhaler versus triamcinolone acetonide aerosol administered through metered-dose inhaler in patients with persistent asthma. ( Ayars, GH; Berger, WE; Chervinsky, P; Condemi, JJ; Edwards, L; Ford, LB; Goldstein, MF; Pepsin, PJ; Rogenes, PR, 1997)
" Overall reductions in supplemental albuterol use and mean asthma symptom scores were also significantly greater in children administered salmeterol compared with placebo (P=."	5.08	Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate powder in children with chronic persistent asthma. ( Arledge, T; Bronsky, EA; Byrne, A; Liddle, R; Pearlman, DS; Stahl, E; Weinstein, SF, 1998)
"Two identically designed, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel studies were conducted comparing salmeterol 42 micrograms twice daily, albuterol 180 micrograms four times daily, and placebo over 12 weeks in 556 patients (12 to 73 years old) with mild-to-moderate chronic asthma."	5.08	Safety of salmeterol in the maintenance treatment of asthma. ( Alexander, WJ; Chervinsky, P; Kemp, JP; Liddle, R; Mills, R; Nathan, RA; Seltzer, JM, 1995)
"Azelastine, an oral nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug with a good safety profile, has demonstrated relief of symptoms in patients with asthma."	5.08	An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of azelastine in patients with chronic asthma. Azelastine-Asthma Study Group. ( , 1996)
"Salmeterol inhaled twice daily is more effective than albuterol inhaled four times a day (or as needed) in patients with asthma requiring maintenance therapy."	5.07	Salmeterol xinafoate as maintenance therapy compared with albuterol in patients with asthma. ( D'Alonzo, GE; Henochowicz, S; Morris, RJ; Nathan, RA; Ratner, P; Rennard, SI, 1994)
" Thirty six adults with chronic asthma requiring beta-agonists four times daily were treated with terbutaline 500 micrograms via T and salbutamol 400 micrograms via D four times daily, each period lasting four weeks."	5.07	Breath-actuated inhalers in chronic asthma: comparison of Diskhaler and Turbohaler for delivery of beta-agonists. ( Armstrong, S; Brown, PH; Crompton, GK; Lenney, J; Ning, AC, 1992)
" Therefore, we examined the performance of the 6-min walk test, a rating of dyspnea following the walk test, and three different questionnaires measuring dyspnea in daily activities, in a controlled trial of inhaled salbutamol and oral theophylline in 24 patients with primary fixed chronic airflow limitation."	5.07	Measuring functional status in chronic lung disease: conclusions from a randomized control trial. ( Guyatt, GH; Keller, J; Nogradi, S; Singer, J; Townsend, M, 1991)
"Three combination regimens, (1) inhaled albuterol (ALB) with oral theophylline (THEO), (2) inhaled ALB with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), or (3) inhaled ALB, inhaled BDP, and oral THEO, were evaluated and compared as optimal pharmacotherapy for chronic asthma in 111 children."	5.07	Long-term comparison of three combinations of albuterol, theophylline, and beclomethasone in children with chronic asthma. ( Eigen, HN; Ellis, EF; Hemstreet, MP; Meltzer, EO; Orgel, HA, 1992)
"The effect of long-term treatment with theophylline was studied in 20 chronic asthmatic patients receiving oral and inhaled beta 2-agonists."	5.06	Theophylline in maintenance treatment of chronic asthma: concentration-dependent additional effect to beta 2-agonist therapy. ( Billing, B; Dahlqvist, R; Hörnblad, Y; Leideman, T; Ripe, E; Skareke, L, 1987)
"A double-blind, randomized, crossover chronic study was done to determine the efficacy of colchicine in 10 atopic patients with asthma."	5.06	A clinical and immunologic study of colchicine in asthma. ( Garty, MS; Greif, J; Ilfeld, DN; Kivity, S; Schlesinger, M; Schwarz, YA; Topilsky, M, 1990)
"The extrapulmonary effects of slow-release theophylline and an inhaled beta 2-agonist (albuterol) were examined separately and in combination among 18 adults and adolescents with asthma during a 3-month randomized, double-blind, crossover trial."	5.06	Extrapulmonary effects of maintenance therapy with theophylline and inhaled albuterol in patients with chronic asthma. ( Ahrens, RC; Joad, JP; Lindgren, SD; Weinberger, MM, 1986)
"The relative benefit of maintenance therapy with theophylline, inhaled albuterol, and the combination was examined in 18 adolescents and adults with chronic asthma during a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial."	5.06	Relative efficacy of maintenance therapy with theophylline, inhaled albuterol, and the combination for chronic asthma. ( Ahrens, RC; Joad, JP; Lindgren, SD; Weinberger, MM, 1987)
"In a double-blind controlled trial 14 chronic asthmatic patients with regular nocturnal exacerbations took 16 mg slow-release oral salbutamol (two Ventolin spandets), 450 mg slow-release aminophylline (two Phyllocontin Continus tablets), or placebo at midnight."	5.05	Slow-release oral salbutamol and aminophylline in nocturnal asthma: relation of overnight changes in lung function and plasma drug levels. ( Davies, HJ; Fairfax, AJ; McNabb, WR; Spiro, SG, 1980)
"Albuterol (salbutamol) syrup was studied in 14 asthmatic children (three to six years of age) in a four-week, double-blind, crossover (with placebo) trial to determine efficacy, safety and tolerance."	5.05	Albuterol syrup in the treatment of the young asthmatic child. ( Katz, RM; Rachelefsky, GS; Siegel, SC, 1981)
"Twenty-one patients with chronic bronchitis and reversible airway obstruction participated in two single-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies in inhaled clenbuterol - a new bronchodilator - and salbutamol."	5.05	A comparison between inhaled clenbuterol and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis with reversible airway obstruction. ( Baronti, A; Grieco, A; Vibelli, C, 1980)
"We have compared the effects of oral theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function in twelve patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema."	5.05	The effects of theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. ( Deacock, SJ; George, RJ; Langford, JA; Rudd, RM; Winter, RJ, 1984)
"Calcium-channel blockers such as verapamil and nifedipine have been shown to inhibit exercise-induced asthma as well as acutely induced bronchoconstriction, but little is known of their chronic effects, if any, on bronchial asthma."	5.05	Nifedipine in chronic bronchial asthma: a randomized double-blind crossover trial against placebo. ( Boismare, F; Lemercier, JP; Leprevost, A; Moore, ND; Ozenne, G; Pasquis, P; Tardif, C, 1985)
"The effect of adding theophylline to treatment with a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant was studied in 18 asthmatic children in a double-blind cross-over trial."	5.05	Combined treatment with sustained-release theophylline and beta2-adrenoceptor-stimulating agents in chronic childhood asthma. ( Foucard, T; Lindström, B; Lönnerholm, G, 1981)
"Eleven patients with bronchial asthma and 10 with chronic bronchitis were treated over four consecutive 3-day periods, firstly with aerosols either of ipratropium bromide (40 microgram four times a day) or of salbutamol (200 microgram four times daily) by random allocation, then the alternate drug, next by both drugs together, and finally with prednisolone (10 mg three times daily) in addition to both drugs."	5.04	Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol and prednisolone in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Ingram, CG; Johnston, RN; Legge, JS; Lightbody, IM, 1978)
"The bronchodilator effects of terbutaline, 500 microng, and salbutamol, 200 microng, by pressurised aerosol were compared in 16 patients (eight asthma, eight chronic bronchitis with asthma)."	5.04	Comparison of terbutaline and salbutamol aerosols. ( Hartnett, BJ; Marlin, GE, 1977)
"The bronchodilator effects of aerosols of hexoprenaline (200 microgram and 400 microgram), and salbutamol (200 microgram) were compared in 15 patients with asthma, and nine patients with chronic bronchitis."	5.04	Bronchodilator effect of hexoprenaline aerosol in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Evers, R; Harris, M; Jenne, H; McMiken, D; Schonell, M, 1977)
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of salmeterol vs theophylline in asthma management using meta-analysis of clinical trials."	4.80	The efficacy and safety of salmeterol compared to theophylline: meta-analysis of nine controlled studies. ( Brooks, G; Davies, B; Devoy, M, 1998)
"To compare risk of hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit and healthcare costs in patients with chronic bronchitis initiating inhaled maintenance therapy with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 mcg combination (FSC) versus other inhaled maintenance therapies."	3.75	Healthcare use and costs in patients with chronic bronchitis initiating maintenance therapy with fluticasone/salmeterol vs other inhaled maintenance therapies. ( Blanchette, CM; Dalal, AA; Delea, TE; Hagiwara, M; Stanford, RH, 2009)
"Fifty children primarily with moderate-to-severe asthma were followed with measurements of urinary LTE(4), monitoring of FEV(1), and albuterol use."	3.73	Urine leukotriene E4 levels are associated with decreased pulmonary function in children with persistent airway obstruction. ( Gelfand, EW; Rabinovitch, N; Zhang, L, 2006)
"From a US third-party payer's perspective, these findings suggest that treating the two main components of asthma (inflammation and bronchoconstriction) with FP/salmeterol may not only be a more cost-effective strategy but may actually lead to cost savings compared with the addition of montelukast to low-dose FP in patients with persistent asthma."	3.72	Cost effectiveness of fluticasone propionate plus salmeterol versus fluticasone propionate plus montelukast in the treatment of persistent asthma. ( Borker, R; Dorinsky, P; Emmett, A; Jhingran, P; Nelson, H; O'Connor, RD; Rickard, K, 2004)
"In the UK population studied, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide and theophylline are regularly used to treat patients with asthma of increasing severity."	3.69	Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK. ( Jick, H; Meier, CR, 1997)
"To determine whether asthma alone can cause irreversible airflow obstruction 42 men and 47 women with chronic asthma (mean duration 22 (SD 13) years) without evidence of other disease likely to cause irreversible airflow obstruction were treated with theophylline orally and a beta agonist both orally and by inhalation for four weeks."	3.67	Asthma and irreversible airflow obstruction. ( Brown, PJ; Finucane, KE; Greville, HW, 1984)
"Forty patients suffering from chronic bronchitis with basal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values at least 20% below ECSC (European Community Steel and Coal) predicted values were treated with a combination of salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate or with theophylline for a period of 4 weeks."	3.67	Salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate versus theophylline for the prevention of methacholine-induced bronchospasm in patients with chronic bronchitis. ( Arossa, W; Spinaci, S; Testi, R, 1985)
"Studies using the guinea pig ileum bioassay technique have previously shown that patients with either asthma or chronic bronchitis have increased amounts of histamine in their sputum."	3.66	Histamine content of sputum from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. ( Bryant, DH; Pui, A, 1982)
"Intravenous injections of aminophylline (250 mg) and tablets of theophylline (Neulin) (400 mg) were given, on separate occasions, to 10 patients with partially reversible severe airway obstruction."	3.65	Aminophylline injection and theophylline tablets: Acute response in partially reversible chronic airway obstruction. ( Freitag, A, 1976)
"For chronic persistent bronchial asthma, heat-sensitive moxibustion can improve the clinical symptoms and the pulmonary ventilation function, and it is better than Seretide inhalant."	2.75	[Comparative observation on therapeutic effect of chronic persistent bronchial asthma treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion and medication]. ( Liang, C; Yang, K; Zhang, TF, 2010)
" Salmeterol was well tolerated as assessed by pulse, blood pressure, haematological and biochemical variables and number of adverse events."	2.68	The efficacy and safety of inhaled salmeterol 50 microg bd in older patients with reversible airflow obstruction. ( Luce, P; Starke, ID, 1996)
" We sought unpublished data on mortality and serious adverse events from the sponsors and authors."	2.48	Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. ( Cates, CJ; Lasserson, TJ, 2012)
" Non-fatal serious adverse event data could be obtained for all participants from published studies comparing formoterol and placebo but only 80% of those comparing formoterol with salbutamol or terbutaline."	2.48	Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. ( Cates, CJ; Cates, MJ, 2012)
"Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated bronchitis are at higher risk of exacerbations, which are a major cause of morbidity and impaired quality of life."	2.46	[Clinical profile of roflumilast]. ( Izquierdo Alonso, JL, 2010)
" All studies were open label and recruited patients who were already taking inhaled corticosteroids for their asthma, and all studies contributed data on serious adverse events."	2.45	Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. ( Cates, CJ; Lasserson, TJ, 2009)
"The aim of this review is to assess the risk of fatal and non-fatal serious adverse events in trials that randomised patients with chronic asthma to regular formoterol versus placebo or regular short-acting beta(2)-agonists."	2.44	Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. ( Cates, CJ; Cates, MJ; Lasserson, TJ, 2008)
"Chronic anal fissure is a tear in the lining of the anal canal that, if not treated appropriately at an early stage, causes considerable anal pain during defaecation."	2.43	Pharmacological advancements in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. ( Acheson, AG; Scholefield, JH, 2005)
"The clinicians followed various respiratory trends monitored by the Servo-i ventilator after albuterol dosing to document the clinical utility of using albuterol in this infant."	1.42	Assessing the Response to Inhaled Albuterol by Monitoring Patient Effort-Related Trends With a Servo-I Ventilator in Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Mode: A Case Presentation. ( Brinck, MJ; Snow, TM, 2015)
" Seventy-two hours after the last OVA challenge, guinea pigs were anesthetized and tracheostomized, respiratory system resistance and elastance were measured and a dose-response curve to inhaled methacholine chloride was obtained."	1.33	Effect of salbutamol on pulmonary responsiveness in chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation in guinea pigs. ( Arantes-Costa, FM; Kasahara, DI; Lopes, FD; Martins, MA; Nunes, MP; Perini, A, 2005)
"Patients with COPD with EFL may experience less breathlessness after a bronchodilator, at least during light exercise, than those without EFL."	1.31	Volume effect and exertional dyspnoea after bronchodilator in patients with COPD with and without expiratory flow limitation at rest. ( Boni, E; Chiroli, P; Corda, L; Damiani, GP; Franchini, D; Grassi, V; Pini, L; Tantucci, C, 2002)
"A total of 203 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) with normal blood pressure (BP) as well as with systemic arterial hypertension of different character (labile and stable pulmonogenic essential hypertension) were examined."	1.27	[Chronic obstructive lung diseases associated with systemic arterial hypertension]. ( Konovalov, VI; Kubyshkin, VF; Soldatchenko, SS, 1985)

Research

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Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Association of Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy and Neonatal Response to Albuterol

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	82 (41.84)	18.7374
1990's	58 (29.59)	18.2507
2000's	36 (18.37)	29.6817
2010's	20 (10.20)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Sofianopoulou, E	1
Pless-Mulloli, T	1
Rushton, S	1
Diggle, PJ	1
Koskela, HO	1
Lätti, AM	1
Purokivi, MK	1
Rahmel, T	1
Koniusch, A	1
Schwertner, M	1
Oprea, G	1
Adamzik, M	1
Nowak, H	1
Snow, TM	1
Brinck, MJ	1
Yin, LM	1
Wang, Y	2
Fan, L	1
Xu, YD	1
Wang, WQ	1
Liu, YY	1
Feng, JT	1
Hu, CP	1
Wang, PY	1
Zhang, TF	2
Shao, SJ	1
Yang, YQ	1
Chauhan, BF	1
Chartrand, C	1
Ni Chroinin, M	2
Milan, SJ	1
Ducharme, FM	2
Bissell, K	1
Perrin, C	1
Beran, D	1
Chase, SC	1
Wheatley, CM	1
Olson, LJ	1
Beck, KC	1
Wentz, RJ	1
Snyder, EM	1
Taylor, BJ	1
Johnson, BD	1
Ng, G	2
da Silva, O	2
Ohlsson, A	2
Fujimura, M	1
Cates, CJ	4
Cates, MJ	2
Lasserson, TJ	5
Wu, B	1
Nielson, DW	1
Delea, TE	1
Hagiwara, M	1
Dalal, AA	1
Stanford, RH	1
Blanchette, CM	1
Angulo, M	1
Taranto, E	1
Soto, JP	1
Malacrida, L	1
Nin, N	1
Hurtado, FJ	1
Píriz, H	1
Cayley, WE	1
Greenstone, I	1
Chen, R	1
Chen, M	1
Xiong, J	1
Yi, F	1
Chi, Z	1
Zhang, B	1
Liang, C	1
Yang, K	1
Izquierdo Alonso, JL	1
Toledo, AC	1
Arantes-Costa, FM	2
Macchione, M	1
Saldiva, PH	1
Negri, EM	1
Lorenzi-Filho, G	1
Martins, MA	2
Panontin, E	1
Longo, G	1
Chiang, WC	1
Chen, YM	1
Tan, HK	1
Balakrishnan, A	1
Liew, WK	1
Lim, HH	1
Goh, SH	1
Loh, WY	1
Wong, P	1
Teoh, OH	1
Goh, A	1
Chay, OM	1
Song, NC	1
He, JB	1
Xu, HB	1
Wu, JF	1
Sheth, K	1
Borker, R	2
Emmett, A	3
Rickard, K	2
Dorinsky, P	3
Chan, EY	1
Bridge, PD	1
Dundas, I	1
Pao, CS	1
Healy, MJ	1
McKenzie, SA	1
Magnan, A	1
Lipworth, B	1
O'Connor, RD	1
Nelson, H	1
Jhingran, P	1
Pifferi, M	1
Caramella, D	1
Ragazzo, V	1
De Marco, E	1
Pietrobelli, A	1
Boner, AL	1
Kasahara, DI	1
Perini, A	1
Lopes, FD	1
Nunes, MP	1
Tomerak, AA	1
Vyas, H	1
Lakenpaul, M	1
McGlashan, JJ	1
McKean, M	1
Acheson, AG	1
Scholefield, JH	1
Rabinovitch, N	1
Zhang, L	1
Gelfand, EW	1
Walters, EH	2
Gibson, PG	1
Walters, JA	1
Doull, I	1
Price, D	1
Thomas, M	1
Hawkins, N	1
Stamuli, E	1
Tabberer, M	1
Gosden, T	1
Rudge, H	1
Beydon, N	1
M'buila, C	1
Bados, A	1
Peiffer, C	1
Bernard, A	1
Zaccaria, I	1
Denjean, A	1
Bousquet, J	3
Boulet, LP	1
Peters, MJ	1
Magnussen, H	1
Quiralte, J	1
Martinez-Aguilar, NE	1
Carlsheimer, A	1
Bijak, A	1
Czołpiński, T	1
Winter, RJ	3
Langford, JA	2
Rudd, RM	3
Bryant, DH	1
Pui, A	1
Flint, KC	1
Hockley, B	1
Johnson, NM	1
Chan, CS	1
Brown, IG	1
Kelly, CA	1
Dent, AG	1
Zimmerman, PV	1
Baños Hidalgo, P	1
Ramos Martos, A	1
Cabrera Moreno, R	1
Luque Leal, J	1
Palacios Giner, A	1
Fischbacher, CM	1
Milroy, R	1
Giannini, D	1
Monie, RD	1
Bartolucci, L	1
Gradoli, C	1
Vincenzoni, G	1
Valori, C	1
Muers, M	1
Dawkins, K	1
George, RJ	1
Deacock, SJ	1
Jaffé, GV	1
Grimshaw, JJ	1
Cox, GA	2
Andersson, L	1
Boëthius, G	1
Brown, PJ	1
Greville, HW	1
Finucane, KE	1
Lafortuna, CL	1
Fazio, F	2
Anderson, PB	2
Goude, A	1
Peake, MD	1
Lönnerholm, G	1
Foucard, T	1
Lindström, B	1
Carmichael, J	1
Paterson, IC	1
Diaz, P	1
Crompton, GK	4
Kay, AB	1
Grant, IW	3
Fairfax, AJ	1
McNabb, WR	1
Davies, HJ	1
Spiro, SG	1
Black, GS	1
Baronti, A	1
Grieco, A	1
Vibelli, C	1
Lafortuna, C	1
Zhumabekova, BK	1
Molloy, W	1
Hyland, M	1
Iodice, F	1
Rufolo, L	1
Piscione, F	1
De Michele, G	1
Rachelefsky, GS	1
Katz, RM	1
Siegel, SC	1
Bourdillon, PD	1
Dawson, JR	1
Foale, RA	1
Timmis, AD	1
Poole-Wilson, PA	1
Sutton, GC	1
Weinberger, M	1
Nathan, RA	2
Seltzer, JM	1
Kemp, JP	1
Chervinsky, P	3
Alexander, WJ	1
Liddle, R	2
Mills, R	1
van Schayck, CP	4
Dompeling, E	2
van Herwaarden, CL	3
Folgering, H	4
Akkermans, RP	1
van den Broek, PJ	1
van Weel, C	4
Williams, AJ	1
Weiner, C	1
Reiff, D	1
Swenson, ER	1
Fuller, RW	1
Hughes, JM	1
Langton Hewer, S	1
Hobbs, J	1
French, D	1
Lenney, W	1
Hesse, IF	1
Newton, W	1
D'Alonzo, GE	2
Henochowicz, S	1
Morris, RJ	1
Ratner, P	1
Rennard, SI	1
Perreault, S	1
Saunier, C	1
Duvivier, C	1
Peslin, R	1
Ong, H	1
Du Souich, P	1
Chin, T	1
Franchi, L	1
Nussbaum, E	1
Capelli, A	1
Lusuardi, M	1
Carli, S	1
Zaccaria, S	1
Trombetta, N	1
Donner, CF	1
Taskar, VS	1
Mahashur, AA	1
John, PJ	1
Kolhatkar, VP	1
Menon, L	1
Bijur, S	1
Pfenninger, J	1
Aebi, C	1
Sitenga, GL	1
Ing, EB	1
Van Dellen, RG	1
Younge, BR	1
Leavitt, JA	1
Starke, ID	1
Luce, P	1
Kuznetsova, AG	1
Larin, NV	1
Ivanov, AV	1
Kakhnovskiĭ, IM	1
Marinin, VF	1
Sorokina, LA	1
Markova, ZS	1
Martin, W	1
Unützer, J	1
Szuba, MP	1
Giustina, A	1
Malerba, M	2
Bresciani, E	1
Desenzani, P	1
Licini, M	1
Zaltieri, G	1
Grassi, V	3
Boni, E	2
Tantucci, C	2
Filippi, B	1
Romagnoni, G	1
Altraja, A	1
Laitinen, A	1
Meriste, S	1
Marran, S	1
Märtson, T	1
Sillastu, H	1
Laitinen, LA	1
Quebe-Fehling, E	1
Brambilla, R	1
Bromly, CL	1
Fishwick, K	1
Hendrick, DJ	1
Hedner, J	1
Svedmyr, N	1
Lunde, H	1
Mandahl, A	1
Gappa, M	1
Gärtner, M	1
Poets, CF	1
von der Hardt, H	1
Mulder, P	1
Compagnon, P	1
Devaux, B	1
Richard, V	1
Henry, JP	1
Elfertak, L	1
Wimart, MC	1
Thibout, E	1
Comoy, E	1
Macé, B	1
Thuillez, C	1
Meier, CR	1
Jick, H	1
Tolep, KA	1
Welch, MJ	1
Levy, S	1
Smith, JA	1
Feiss, G	1
Farrar, JR	1
Condemi, JJ	1
Goldstein, MF	1
Ford, LB	1
Berger, WE	1
Ayars, GH	1
Rogenes, PR	1
Edwards, L	1
Pepsin, PJ	2
Williams, C	1
Crossland, L	1
Finnerty, J	1
Crane, J	1
Holgate, S	1
Pearce, N	1
Beasley, R	1
Davies, B	1
Brooks, G	1
Devoy, M	1
Weinstein, SF	1
Pearlman, DS	2
Bronsky, EA	1
Byrne, A	1
Arledge, T	2
Stahl, E	2
Vachier, I	1
Chiappara, G	1
Vignola, AM	1
Gagliardo, R	1
Altieri, E	1
Térouanne, B	1
Vic, P	1
Godard, P	1
Chanez, P	1
Mincewicz, G	1
Sopel, R	1
Kozłowki, M	1
Kurowski, W	1
Dalphin, JC	1
Dubiez, A	1
Monnet, E	1
Gora, D	1
Westeel, V	1
Pernet, D	1
Polio, JC	1
Gibey, R	1
Laplante, JJ	1
Depierre, A	1
Pellegrino, R	1
Rodarte, JR	1
Brusasco, V	1
Goldberg, P	1
Galant, S	1
Welch, MB	1
Teper, AM	1
Kofman, CD	1
Maffey, AF	1
Vidaurreta, SM	1
Razzouk, H	1
dos Santos, L	1
Giudicelli, J	1
Queirós, M	1
de Lurdes Chieira, M	1
Castro, A	1
Ramos, C	1
Lindbladh, C	1
Castellsague, J	1
Garcia-Rodríguez, LA	1
Pérez-Gutthann, S	1
Agostinis, L	1
Cattaruzi, C	1
Troncon, MG	1
Heyse-Moore, L	1
Beynon, T	1
Ross, V	1
Horiuchi, T	1
Castro, M	1
Brand, PL	1
Howarth, PH	1
Beckett, P	1
Dahl, R	1
Kwan, ML	1
Gómez, AD	1
Baluk, P	1
Hashizume, H	1
McDonald, DM	2
Molimard, M	1
Bourcereau, J	1
Le Gros, V	1
Bourdeix, I	1
Leynadier, F	1
Duroux, P	1
Malfait, AM	1
Williams, RO	1
Malik, AS	1
Maini, RN	1
Feldmann, M	1
O'Brien, K	1
Bukstein, D	1
Hadcroft, J	1
Calverley, PM	1
Cates, C	1
del-Río-Navarro, BE	1
Corona-Hernández, L	1
Fragoso-Ríos, R	1
Berber, A	1
Torres-Alcántara, S	1
Cuairán-Ruidíaz, V	1
Sienra-Monge, JJ	1
White, MV	1
Lieberman, AK	1
Kalberg, C	1
Bowers, B	1
Rickard, KA	1
Little, SA	1
MacLeod, KJ	1
Chalmers, GW	1
Love, JG	1
McSharry, C	1
Thomson, NC	1
Corda, L	1
Franchini, D	1
Chiroli, P	1
Damiani, GP	1
Pini, L	1
Clark, RA	1
Handslip, PD	1
Hartley, JP	1
Lightbody, IM	1
Ingram, CG	1
Legge, JS	1
Johnston, RN	1
Leitch, AG	1
Hopkin, JM	1
Ellis, DA	1
Merchant, S	1
McHardy, GJ	2
Douglas, NJ	1
Davidson, I	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Clinical Assessment of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Asthma: A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Parallel-group Controlled Trial[NCT01931696]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Albuterol Dose-Response on Pulmonary Function Testing in Preterm Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia[NCT02447250]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-24	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Symbicort ®Turbuhaler® 160/4.5 µg/Inhalation, Two Inhalations Twice Daily Plus As-needed Compared With Seretide™ Diskus™ 50/500 µg/Inhalation, One Inhalation Twice Daily Plus Terbutaline Turbuhaler 0.4 mg/Inhalation As-needed - a 6-[NCT00242775]	Phase 3	2,100 participants	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
Acute Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Obliterative Bronchiolitis (OB) Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation[NCT01112241]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy and the rate of albuterol response of their infants (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: Smoking and second hand smoke exposure history will be obtained at enrollment. Albuterol response will be obtained within one week.

Birth Weight of Albuterol Responders vs Non Responders

Intervention	participants (Number)
	albuterol responders of mothers who smoked	albuterol responders of non-smoker mothers %
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	4	6

birth weight in grams of each subject was recorded at time of enrollment (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: within one week of entering study

Change in Respiratory Resistance

Intervention	grams (Mean)
	albuterol responders	albuterol non responders
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	847.2	1147.7

The primary outcome is the percentage of subjects who show a positive response to each dose of albuterol. A positive response is defined as a greater than or equal to 10% decrease in respiratory resistance (Rrs). The change in RRs was measured at baseline and again after each dose of albuterol. All measurements were taken within a 7 day time frame for each subject such that each subject would have up to 3 results measured during a 7 day period, if he/she were able to complete three sets of PFTs according to study protocol. The change in Rrs was calculated by subtracting the baseline Rrs from the post-albuterol Rrs. (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: Within one week of performing pulmonary function tests

Etiology of Preterm Delivery

Intervention	cm h2o/mL/sec (Mean)
	dose 1	dose 2	dose 3
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	0.011	0.006	0.014

Reason for each subject's preterm delivery was classified as either preterm labor or delivery for maternal indications (eg pre-eclampsia). (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: within one week of entering study

Family History of Asthma and Likelihood to Respond to Albuterol

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	preterm labor, responsive to albuterol	maternal indicated delivery, responsive to albuter
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	4	6

Family history was obtained from verbal history by subject's mother at time of enrollment in study. A positive family history was noted if a first degree relative of the subject (infant) had a diagnosis of asthma. (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: History collected at enrollment, albuterol response assessed within one week

Gestational Age at Birth

Intervention	participants (Number)
	family hx of asthma, respond to albuterol	no fam hx asthma, respond to albuterol
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	1	9

Average gestational age (GA) in weeks at birth for subjects who responded to albuterol versus subjects without a positive response (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: within one week of entering study

Maternal BMI at Time of Pregnancy and Likelihood of Positive Response to Albuterol

Intervention	weeks (Mean)
	birth GA albuterol responders, weeks	birth GA albuterol non responders
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	26.7	28.5

Maternal BMI will be obtained from her medial record, and she will be asked about weight gain during pregnancy at time of enrollment. Results will be compared for infants born to women with a normal BMI vs. those with obese BMI (>30). (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: Maternal information collected at enrollment; albuterol response assessed within one week

Number of Participants With Positive Response at Different Albuterol Doses

Intervention	kg/m^2 (Mean)
	mean BMI mothers of albuterol-responders , any dos	mean BMI mothers of albuterol non-responders
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	27.4	27.3

Compare number of subjects who have a positive response (greater than or equal to 10% decrease in respiratory resistance) to each dose of albuterol (NCT02447250)
Timeframe: Data collected 15 minutes after dose in each session. Study includes 3 sessions within a 7 day period.

Absolute Change of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	participants (Number)
	positive Rrs response at 180 mcg albuterol	positive Rrs response at 270 mcg albuterol	positive Rrs response at 360 mcg albuterol
Single Arm: Varied Albuterol Dose Response	6	4	4

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FEV1 increments ≥0.20 liters (L) as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to the American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society standard criteria [Pellegrino et al. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948-968]. They were calculated as follows: [FEV1 (L) after bronchodilators - FEV1 (L) before bronchodilators]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Absolute Change of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	absolute positive change (liters) (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=4)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=13)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	0.26	0.12

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FVC increments ≥0.20 liters (L) compared with baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to the American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society standard criteria [Pellegrino et al. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948-968]. They were calculated as follows: [FVC (L) after bronchodilators - FVC (L) before bronchodilators]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Absolute Change of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	absolute positive change (liters) (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=5)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=12)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	0.65	0.07

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FRC decrements ≥0.30 liters (L) as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to O'Donnell et al. [Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 914-920]. They were calculated as follows: [FRC (L), before bronchodilators - FRC (L) after bronchodilators]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Absolute Change of Residual Volume (RV) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	absolute negative change (liters) (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=4)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=13)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	0.78	0.07

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, RV decrements ≥0.30 liters (L) as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to O'Donnell et al. [Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 914-920]. They were calculated as follows: [RV (L), before bronchodilators - RV (L) after bronchodilators]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	absolute negative change (liters) (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=8)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=9)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	0.65	0.00

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FEV1 increments ≥12 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to the American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society standard criteria [Pellegrino et al. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948-968]. They were calculated as follows: [FEV1, expressed in liters (L), after bronchodilators - FEV1 (L) before bronchodilators/FEV1 (L) before bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	per cent positive change (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=4)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=13)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	14	7

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FVC increments ≥12 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to the American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society standard criteria [Pellegrino et al. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948-968]. They were calculated as follows: [FVC, expressed in liters (L), after bronchodilators - FVC (L) before bronchodilators/FVC (L) before bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	per cent positive change (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=5)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=12)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	24	2

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, FRC decrements ≥10 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to O'Donnell et al. [Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 914-920]. They were calculated as follows: [FRC, expressed in liters (L), before bronchodilators - FRC (L) after bronchodilators/FRC (L) after bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Instantaneous Maximal Forced Expiratory Flow (V'Max) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	per cent negative change (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=4)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=13)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	16	2

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, V'max increments ≥40 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to Pellegrino et al. [Chest 1998; 114:1607-1612]. They were calculated as follows: [V'max, expressed in liters.second-1 (L.s-1), after bronchodilators - V'max (L.s-1) before bronchodilators/V'max (L.s-1) before bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Partial Forced Expiratory Flow (V'Part) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	per cent positive change (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=4)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=13)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	66	14

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, V'part increments ≥40 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to Pellegrino et al. [Chest 1998; 114:1607-1612]. They were calculated as follows: [V'part, expressed in liters.second-1 (L.s-1), after bronchodilators - V'part (L.s-1) before bronchodilators/V'part (L.s-1) before bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Per Cent Change of Residual Volume (RV) After Bronchodilators

Intervention	per cent positive change (Mean)
	Responsives to bronchodilators (n=9)	Unresponsives to bronchodilators (n=8)
Albuterol Plus Tiotropium	59	17

Following albuterol plus tiotropium inhalation, RV decrements ≥10 per cent as compared to baseline, in an individual subject, were considered as evidence of response to bronchodilators, according to O'Donnell et al. [Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 914-920]. They were calculated as follows: [RV, expressed in liters (L), before bronchodilators - RV (L) after bronchodilators/RV (L) after bronchodilators x 100]. (NCT01112241)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 min after bronchodilators

Article	Year
Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Nov-24, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Ast	2015
Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, 12-14, Volume: 12 Topics: Albuterol; Aminophylline; Beclomethasone; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Comb	2016
[Causes of prolonged and chronic cough]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2008, Volume: 131, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clenbuterol; Cough; Dr	2008
Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008, Oct-08, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Chron	2008
Should salmeterol be used for long-term asthma control? American family physician, 2009, Jun-01, Volume: 79, Issue:11 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans;	2009
Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Oct-07, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma;	2009
Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, May-12, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Al	2010
[Clinical profile of roflumilast]. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 2010, Volume: 46 Suppl 10 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Aminopyridines; Animals;	2010
Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Mar-14, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agent	2012
Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Apr-18, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Chron	2012
Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Jun-13, Issue:6 Topics: Albuterol; Beclomethasone; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	2012
Inhaled beta2-agonists for treating non-specific chronic cough in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005, Jul-20, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Child; Chronic Disease; Cough; Huma	2005
Pharmacological advancements in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 6, Issue:14 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Botulinu	2005
Long-acting beta2-agonists for chronic asthma in adults and children where background therapy contains varied or no inhaled corticosteroid. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Jan-24, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Chronic Disease; E	2007
Cost-effectiveness of salmeterol xinafoate/fluticasone propionate combination inhaler in chronic asthma. Current medical research and opinion, 2007, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Ast	2007
[New drugs with positive inotropic action]. Kardiologia polska, 1982, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Cardiotonic Agents; Chronic Disease;	1982
Salmeterol for the treatment of asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chro	1995
Salmeterol in the treatment of chronic asthma. American family physician, 1997, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Humans; Salmeterol Xinafoate	1997
The efficacy and safety of salmeterol compared to theophylline: meta-analysis of nine controlled studies. Respiratory medicine, 1998, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Fe	1998
The pathobiologic implications for treatment. Old and new strategies in the treatment of chronic asthma. Clinics in chest medicine, 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic D	2000
Bronchodilators in cystic fibrosis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2000, Volume: 93 Suppl 38 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Clinical Tri	2000
The effect of long-acting beta2-agonists on airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Respiratory medicine, 2000, Volume: 94 Suppl F Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chronic Disea	2000
Chronic asthma. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Oct-27, Volume: 323, Issue:7319 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chronic Dis	2001
[Isolated cough and bronchial asthma]. Revue de pneumologie clinique, 1991, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Chronic Dis	1991
[Treatment of bronchial asthma]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1974, Volume: 52, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Aminophylline; Asthma; Bronchitis; C	1974

Article	Year
Evaluation of inhaled salbutamol effectiveness under supportive use of electrical impedance tomography in ventilated ICU patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ open, 2019, 03-12, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; C	2019
Efficacy of acupuncture for chronic asthma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2015, Sep-23, Volume: 16 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-2	2015
Comparison of heat-sensitive moxibustion versus fluticasone/salmeterol (seretide) combination in the treatment of chronic persistent asthma: design of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2010, Dec-15, Volume: 11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clinical Protocols; Dru	2010
[Comparative observation on therapeutic effect of chronic persistent bronchial asthma treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion and medication]. Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Fema	2010
[Comparative study on effect of acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion and Seretide on the symptoms of bronchial asthma at chronic persistent stage]. Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Acupuncture Points; Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Drug Comb	2012
Cost-effectiveness comparison of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus montelukast in the treatment of adults with persistent asthma. PharmacoEconomics, 2002, Volume: 20, Issue:13 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Chronic	2002
Repeatability of airway resistance measurements made using the interrupter technique. Thorax, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Child, Pres	2003
Montelukast and airway remodeling in children with chronic persistent asthma: an open study. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2004, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Ch	2004
Budesonide/formoterol for maintenance and relief in uncontrolled asthma vs. high-dose salmeterol/fluticasone. Respiratory medicine, 2007, Volume: 101, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Al	2007
Effects of oral and inhaled salbutamol and oral pirbuterol on right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1984, Mar-17, Volume: 288, Issue:6420 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Bronchitis; C	1984
A comparison between a combination of ipratropium bromide plus fenoterol in a single metered dose inhaler (Duovent) and salbutamol in asthma. Postgraduate medical journal, 1983, Volume: 59, Issue:697 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine Derivatives; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Ethanolami	1983
Bronchodilator responses to nebulised ipratropium and salbutamol singly and in combination in chronic bronchitis. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1984, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergis	1984
[Comparison by double-blind study of the combination of an aerosol of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and its individual effect in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. Revista clinica espanola, 1983, Nov-30, Volume: 171, Issue:4 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method;	1983
Comparison of Duovent and salbutamol inhalers in chronic stable asthma. Postgraduate medical journal, 1984, Volume: 60 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine Derivatives; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as	1984
Effect of a timed interval between inhalation of beta-agonist and corticosteroid aerosols on the control of chronic asthma. Thorax, 1983, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chronic Disease; Clinical Tria	1983
The effects of theophylline and salbutamol on right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. British journal of diseases of the chest, 1984, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Output; Chronic Disease; Heart; Heart Ra	1984
Comparison of salbutamol given by intermittent positive-pressure breathing and pressure-packed aerosol in chronic asthma. Thorax, 1982, Volume: 37, Issue:8 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans;	1982
Combined treatment with sustained-release theophylline and beta2-adrenoceptor-stimulating agents in chronic childhood asthma. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1981, Mar-28, Volume: 282, Issue:6269 Topics: Adolescent; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Prep	1981
Slow-release oral salbutamol and aminophylline in nocturnal asthma: relation of overnight changes in lung function and plasma drug levels. Thorax, 1980, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Aminophylline; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythm; Clinic	1980
A double blind cross-over study of a slow release aminophylline tablet (Phyllocontin Continus tablets) as a concomitant therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis on salbutamol maintenance therapy. The British journal of clinical practice, 1980, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Albuterol; Aminophylline; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Prep	1980
A comparison between inhaled clenbuterol and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis with reversible airway obstruction. European journal of respiratory diseases, 1980, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clenbuterol; Clinical Tr	1980
Effect of inhaled salbutamol on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis. Chest, 1981, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Suppl Topics: Aerosols; Albumins; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Cilia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-	1981
Albuterol syrup in the treatment of the young asthmatic child. Annals of allergy, 1981, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; Fe	1981
Safety of salmeterol in the maintenance treatment of asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Chronic Disease; Double	1995
Continuous and on demand use of bronchodilators in patients with non-steroid dependent asthma and chronic bronchitis: four-year follow-up randomized controlled study. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1995, Volume: 45, Issue:394 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hu	1995
Comparison of the effect of inhaled selective and non-selective adrenergic agonists on cardiorespiratory parameters in chronic stable asthma. Pulmonary pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Dou	1994
Pilgrim's progress: the effect of salmeterol in older children with chronic severe asthma. Respiratory medicine, 1995, Volume: 89, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method	1995
Salmeterol xinafoate as maintenance therapy compared with albuterol in patients with asthma. JAMA, 1994, May-11, Volume: 271, Issue:18 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchod	1994
Reversal of bronchial obstruction in children with mild stable asthma by aerosolized furosemide. Pediatric pulmonology, 1994, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Albuterol; Analysis of Variance; Asthma; Child; Chronic Dise	1994
Bronchodilator treatment in asthma and bronchitis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1994, Jul-23, Volume: 309, Issue:6949 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Ipratropium; Lung; Random Allocation; Respir	1994
Anti-inflammatory action of steroid inhalers. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chronic Disease; Female; Human	1993
Respiratory response to salbutamol (albuterol) in ventilator-dependent infants with chronic lung disease: pressurized aerosol delivery versus intravenous injection. Intensive care medicine, 1993, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Albuterol; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcuta	1993
An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of azelastine in patients with chronic asthma. Azelastine-Asthma Study Group. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1996, Volume: 97, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Child; Chronic	1996
The efficacy and safety of inhaled salmeterol 50 microg bd in older patients with reversible airflow obstruction. Age and ageing, 1996, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Airway Obstruction; A	1996
Effect of two beta 2-agonist drugs, salbutamol and broxaterol, on the growth hormone response to exercise in adult patients with asthmatic bronchitis. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 1995, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; A	1995
Ineffectiveness of intravenous beta 2-agonists on improving exercise tolerance in patients with reversible chronic airway obstruction. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 1996, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Blood Gas Analysis; Chronic Disease;	1996
Effect of regular nedocromil sodium or albuterol on bronchial inflammation in chronic asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1996, Volume: 98, Issue:5 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Metho	1996
The duration of action of inhaled formoterol dry powder. The British journal of clinical practice, 1996, Volume: 50, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agent	1996
Effects of salbutamol delivery from a metered dose inhaler versus jet nebulizer on dynamic lung mechanics in very preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Pediatric pulmonology, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; F	1997
Dose-ranging study of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily triamcinolone acetonide inhalation aerosol in moderately severe asthma. Chest, 1997, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aerosols; Albuterol; Anti-I	1997
Fluticasone propionate powder administered through Diskhaler versus triamcinolone acetonide aerosol administered through metered-dose inhaler in patients with persistent asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1997, Volume: 100, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthm	1997
Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate powder in children with chronic persistent asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 1998, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Met	1998
[Evaluation of the efficacy of nebulized salbutamol in exacerbation of chronic asthma]. Pneumonologia i alergologia polska, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:11-12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Ambulatory Care; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans	1997
Assessing the reversibility of airway obstruction. Chest, 1998, Volume: 114, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans;	1998
Long-term cardiovascular safety of salmeterol powder pharmacotherapy in adolescent and adult patients with chronic persistent asthma: a randomized clinical trial. Chest, 1999, Volume: 115, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Cardiovascular System; Child;	1999
Lung function in infants with chronic pulmonary disease after severe adenoviral illness. The Journal of pediatrics, 1999, Volume: 134, Issue:6 Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans	1999
A comparison of the bronchodilatory effect of 50 and 100 microg salbutamol via Turbuhaler and 100 microg salbutamol via pressurized metered dose inhaler in children with stable asthma. International journal of pharmaceutics, 1999, Apr-15, Volume: 180, Issue:2 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response	1999
Comparison between formoterol 12 microg b.i.d. and on-demand salbutamol in moderate persistent asthma. Respiratory medicine, 2001, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Adm	2001
Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Analysis of Variance; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Female; Forced Expira	2001
Effect of salmeterol and salmeterol plus beclomethasone on saliva flow and IgA in patients with moderate-persistent chronic asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2001, Volume: 87, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone;	2001
Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination compared with montelukast for the treatment of persistent asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2002, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthmatic Agen	2002
Combined therapy with salbutamol and beclomethasone inhalers in chronic asthma. Lancet (London, England), 1978, Jul-08, Volume: 2, Issue:8080 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Bronchi; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythm	1978
Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol and prednisolone in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. British journal of diseases of the chest, 1978, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Drug	1978
The effect of aerosol ipratropium bromide and salbutamol on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. Thorax, 1978, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Top	1978
Bronchodilatation and the site of airway resistance in severe chronic bronchitis. Thorax, 1979, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Tria	1979
Metabolic effects of salbutamol: comparison of aerosol and intravenous administration. British medical journal, 1977, Feb-12, Volume: 1, Issue:6058 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Blood Glucose; Bronchi; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topi	1977
Comparison of terbutaline and salbutamol aerosols. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1977, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Force	1977
Comparison of NAB 365 and salbutamol tablets in chronic bronchitis and asthma. Irish medical journal, 1978, Mar-18, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clenbuterol; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1978
Salbutamol by pressure-packed aerosol and by intermittent positive pressure ventilation in chronic obstructive bronchitis. British journal of diseases of the chest, 1978, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic	1978
Bronchodilator effect of hexoprenaline aerosol in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. The Medical journal of Australia, 1977, Dec-17, Volume: 2, Issue:25 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as T	1977
Comparison of oral salbutamol and ephedrine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences, 1978, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Child; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind M	1978
Comparison of salmefamol and salbutamol in patients with chronic airways obstruction. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Ev	1976
Comparison of aerosol ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis and asthma. British medical journal, 1975, Feb-22, Volume: 1, Issue:5955 Topics: Aerosols; Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives;	1975
Comparison of two methods of administering bronchodilator aerosol to asthmatic patients. British medical journal, 1975, Apr-19, Volume: 2, Issue:5963 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Top	1975
Formoterol, a new long-acting beta 2 agonist, inhaled twice daily, in stable asthmatic subjects. Chest, 1992, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Ag	1992
Breath-actuated inhalers in chronic asthma: comparison of Diskhaler and Turbohaler for delivery of beta-agonists. The European respiratory journal, 1992, Volume: 5, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Diseas	1992
Long-term comparison of three combinations of albuterol, theophylline, and beclomethasone in children with chronic asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1992, Volume: 90, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chi	1992
Measuring functional status in chronic lung disease: conclusions from a randomized control trial. Respiratory medicine, 1991, Volume: 85 Suppl B Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; Dyspnea; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Lung;	1991
Effects of allergy and age on responses to salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in moderate asthma and chronic bronchitis. Thorax, 1991, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Topics: Age Factors; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Iprat	1991
Bronchodilator treatment in moderate asthma or chronic bronchitis: continuous or on demand? A randomised controlled study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1991, Dec-07, Volume: 303, Issue:6815 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule;	1991
Formoterol, a new long acting beta 2 agonist for inhalation twice daily, compared with salbutamol in the treatment of asthma. Thorax, 1990, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; A	1990
A clinical and immunologic study of colchicine in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1990, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Chronic Disease; Colchicine; Conc	1990
Ambulatory long-term subcutaneous salbutamol infusion in chronic severe asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1990, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Albuterol; Ambulatory Care; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Me	1990
[The bronchodilator effect of aerosol beta-2-mimetic and anticholinergic agents in patients with chronic bronchitis]. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 1990, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Aerosols; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease	1990
Randomized controlled trial of small group education on the outcome of chronic asthma in general practice. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1989, Volume: 39, Issue:322 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Education, Med	1989
Theophylline in maintenance treatment of chronic asthma: concentration-dependent additional effect to beta 2-agonist therapy. European journal of respiratory diseases, 1987, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1987
A dose response study comparing Duovent vs salbutamol. The New Zealand medical journal, 1987, Dec-09, Volume: 100, Issue:837 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic	1987
A comparison of salbutamol and ipratropium in chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation. The British journal of clinical practice, 1988, Volume: 42, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double	1988
High dose salbutamol in chronic bronchitis: comparison of 400 micrograms, 1 mg, 1.6 mg, 2 mg and placebo delivered by Rotahaler. British journal of diseases of the chest, 1987, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1987
Extrapulmonary effects of maintenance therapy with theophylline and inhaled albuterol in patients with chronic asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1986, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bicarbonates; Calcium; Chron	1986
Inhalation powder and oral salbutamol combination. Archives of disease in childhood, 1986, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Chroni	1986
Relative efficacy of maintenance therapy with theophylline, inhaled albuterol, and the combination for chronic asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1987, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Ther	1987
Nifedipine in chronic bronchial asthma: a randomized double-blind crossover trial against placebo. European journal of respiratory diseases, 1985, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dou	1985
A comparative study of two doses of salbutamol nebulized at 4 and 8 litres per minute in patients with chronic asthma. British journal of diseases of the chest, 1986, Volume: 80, Issue:1 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Male;	1986
A comparative study of the inhaled dry powders of salbutamol and fenoterol and their delivery systems. Australian paediatric journal, 1985, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female	1985
[Pulmonary function tests on the bronchospasmolytic effects of the beta-2-adrenergics: salbutamol, terbutaline and NAB 365 (double placebo experiment)]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1974, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Alcohols; Amines; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chlori	1974
A clinical trial of long-term oral salbutamol in reversible diffuse airway obstruction. The American review of respiratory disease, 1973, Volume: 108, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinica	1973
Comparative trial of a new anticholinergic bronchodilator, Sch 1000, and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis. British medical journal, 1973, Oct-20, Volume: 4, Issue:5885 Topics: Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Atropine; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; C	1973

Article	Year
Modeling Seasonal and Spatiotemporal Variation: The Example of Respiratory Prescribing. American journal of epidemiology, 2017, Jul-01, Volume: 186, Issue:1 Topics: Age Distribution; Air Pollution; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Uti	2017
Long-term prognosis of chronic cough: a prospective, observational cohort study. BMC pulmonary medicine, 2017, Nov-21, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cough; Female; F	2017
Assessing the Response to Inhaled Albuterol by Monitoring Patient Effort-Related Trends With a Servo-I Ventilator in Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist Mode: A Case Presentation. Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 2015, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infan	2015
Access to essential medicines to treat chronic respiratory disease in low-income countries. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2016, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Beclomethasone; Burkina Faso; Chronic Disease; Developing Countrie	2016
Impact of chronic systolic heart failure on lung structure-function relationships in large airways. Physiological reports, 2016, Volume: 4, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Aged; Albuterol; Case-Control Studi	2016
Should inhaled beta-agonists or lung function testing be routine in prematurely born infants with chronic lung disease? Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Chronic	2008
Healthcare use and costs in patients with chronic bronchitis initiating maintenance therapy with fluticasone/salmeterol vs other inhaled maintenance therapies. Current medical research and opinion, 2009, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Bronchi	2009
[Salbutamol improves diaphragmatic contractility in chronic airway obstruction]. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 2009, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Alkalosis; Animals; Chronic Disease; Diaphr	2009
Salbutamol improves markers of epithelial function in mice with chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2011, Jul-31, Volume: 177, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Remodeling; Albuterol; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic	2011
Treatment of mild persistent asthma in children. Lancet (London, England), 2011, May-21, Volume: 377, Issue:9779 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Albuterol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents	2011
Allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis in children in the tropics: prevalence and risk associations. Pediatric pulmonology, 2012, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Albuterol; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Child; Chil	2012
[Adding a prolonged action beta-2-agonist]. Revue de pneumologie clinique, 2003, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Cyclo	2003
[Adding an anti-leukotriene: results of the IMPACT study]. Revue de pneumologie clinique, 2003, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chroni	2003
Cost effectiveness of fluticasone propionate plus salmeterol versus fluticasone propionate plus montelukast in the treatment of persistent asthma. PharmacoEconomics, 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Acetates; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-A	2004
Effect of salbutamol on pulmonary responsiveness in chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation in guinea pigs. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2005, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Animals; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-	2005
Urine leukotriene E4 levels are associated with decreased pulmonary function in children with persistent airway obstruction. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2006, Volume: 118, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclopropanes;	2006
Interrupter resistance short-term repeatability and bronchodilator response in preschool children. Respiratory medicine, 2007, Volume: 101, Issue:12 Topics: Albuterol; Analysis of Variance; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Child;	2007
Histamine content of sputum from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Clinical allergy, 1982, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Asthma; Bronchitis; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Chronic Disease; Guinea Pigs; Hista	1982
[Changes of serum lipids induced by salbutamol in patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1984, May-31, Volume: 109, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chronic Disease; Human	1984
A comparative trial of Atrovent and Ventolin in chronic bronchitis. The Practitioner, 1980, Volume: 224, Issue:1342 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Human	1980
Effect of domiciliary treatment with nebulized beta 2-stimulants--a retrospective follow-up of 102 patients. European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement, 1984, Volume: 136 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Mi	1984
Asthma and irreversible airflow obstruction. Thorax, 1984, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lu	1984
Acute effect of inhaled salbutamol on mucociliary clearance in health and chronic bronchitis. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 1984, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Cilia; Double-Blin	1984
Corticosteroid resistance in chronic asthma. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1981, May-02, Volume: 282, Issue:6274 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchi; Chronic Disease; Cir	1981
[Method of using salbutamol for detecting the mechanisms of bronchial patency disorders in dust-induced lung diseases]. Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia, 1982, Issue:4 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume;	1982
Maintenance salbutamol in chronic bronchitis in the elderly. Age and ageing, 1980, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Vital Capacity	1980
Hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of intravenous salbutamol in patients affected by cold. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 1980, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Lung D	1980
Salbutamol in treatment of heart failure. British heart journal, 1980, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Animals; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship,	1980
Knowledge of asthma and its management in newly qualified doctors in Accra, Ghana. Respiratory medicine, 1995, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Albuterol; Aminophylline; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Clinical Competence; Develo	1995
Inhaled albuterol to treat bronchitis. The Journal of family practice, 1995, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Nebulizers and Vapor	1995
Influence of chronic hypoxia on salbutamol tissular concentrations and on respiratory resistance in anesthetized rabbits. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1994, Volume: 150, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Animals; Bronchoconstriction; Chronic Disease; Cyclic AMP; Histamine;	1994
In vitro effect of beta 2-agonists on bacterial killing and superoxide anion (O2-) release from alveolar macrophages of patients with chronic bronchitis. Chest, 1993, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship,	1993
Asthma caused by topical application of ketorolac. Ophthalmology, 1996, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Albuterol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-S	1996
[Methods for diagnosing the physiopathological mechanisms of bronchial obstruction]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1996, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchi;	1996
[Cardiac monitoring in bronchial asthma patients taking salben]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1996, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asthma; Bronchodilator Age	1996
Exacerbation of psychosis associated with inhaled albuterol. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung D	1995
The lack of respiratory effects of the ocular hypotensive drug latanoprost in patients with moderate-steroid treated asthma. Survey of ophthalmology, 1997, Volume: 41 Suppl 2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Topical; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Albutero	1997
Response of large and small vessels to alpha and beta adrenoceptor stimulation in heart failure: effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Angiotensin-Convertin	1997
Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK. Thorax, 1997, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Case-Control	1997
Case-control study of salmeterol and near-fatal attacks of asthma. Thorax, 1998, Volume: 53, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child,	1998
Glucocorticoid receptors in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998, Volume: 158, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Biopsy; Bronchi; Bro	1998
Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in dairy farmers in the French province of the Doubs. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998, Volume: 158, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Albuterol; Allergens; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease	1998
Characteristics of users of inhaled long-acting beta 2-agonists in a southern European population. Respiratory medicine, 1999, Volume: 93, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Child; Chronic Di	1999
Does spirometry predict dyspnoea in advanced cancer? Palliative medicine, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Dyspnea; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans	2000
Airway vasculature after mycoplasma infection: chronic leakiness and selective hypersensitivity to substance P. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2001, Volume: 280, Issue:2 Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Bronchodilator Agents; Capillary Permeability; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Re	2001
Chronic relapsing homologous collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice as a model for testing disease-modifying and remission-inducing therapies. Arthritis and rheumatism, 2001, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, M	2001
What is "more effective asthma control"? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:6 Topics: Acetates; Albuterol; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Cyclopro	2001
Angiogenesis and remodeling of airway vasculature in chronic inflammation. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2001, Nov-15, Volume: 164, Issue:10 Pt 2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Albuterol; Angiopoietin-1; Animals; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchod	2001
Association of forced expiratory volume with disease duration and sputum neutrophils in chronic asthma. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Apr-15, Volume: 112, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Albuterol; Androstadienes; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Broncho	2002
Volume effect and exertional dyspnoea after bronchodilator in patients with COPD with and without expiratory flow limitation at rest. Thorax, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Dyspnea;	2002
Salbutamol and beclomethasone in chronic asthma. Lancet (London, England), 1978, Aug-26, Volume: 2, Issue:8087 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans	1978
Salbutamol and beclomethasone in chronic asthma. Lancet (London, England), 1978, Sep-09, Volume: 2, Issue:8089 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans	1978
Assessment of a combination of doses of fenoterol and ipratropium suitable for a single metered-dose aerosol. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Atropine Derivatives; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Eth	1979
Bronchodilator effects of oral salbutamol and theophylline-salbutamol combinations in chronic steroid-dependent asthmatics. The Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 1979, Volume: 76, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Double-Bli	1979
[Clinical and functional aspects of obstructive respiratory syndromes following administration of a single dose of salbutamol in aerosol form]. Minerva medica, 1977, Feb-18, Volume: 68, Issue:8 Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Maximal Expira	1977
Studies in chronic allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. 1. Clinical and physiological findings. Thorax, 1977, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Aspergillosis; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Funga	1977
Assessment of the hypoxic drive to breathing in normal man and the effects and treatment of hypoxia in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Irish journal of medical science, 1977, Volume: 146, Issue:7 Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Bronchitis; Catecholamines; Chronic Disease; Humans; Hypoxia; Pulmonary Emphysem	1977
Aminophylline injection and theophylline tablets: Acute response in partially reversible chronic airway obstruction. The Medical journal of Australia, 1976, Apr-03, Volume: 1, Issue:14 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Aminophylline; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Injections, In	1976
[Effect of sympathomimetics (isoprenaline, alupent, salbutamol) on the level of free and esterified fatty acids in blood serum of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases]. Pneumonologia polska, 1976, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Chronic Disease; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Is	1976
[A patient with bronchiectasis]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1976, Jul-24, Volume: 120, Issue:30 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Breathing Exercises; Bronchiectasis; Chronic Disease; Doxycycline; Exercise Therap	1976
[Salbutamol therapy of chronic bronchopathic patients with cardiac arrhythmias]. Il Torace, 1976, Volume: 18, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Lung Dis	1976
The effect of chest physiotherapy upon the FEV1 in chronic bronchitis. The Medical journal of Australia, 1975, Jan-11, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Cough; Drainage; Humans; Middle Aged; Percussion; Phys	1975
[Comparison of the bronchodilator action of fenoterol and salbutamol by aerosol administration in patients with bronchial asthma]. Minerva medica, 1975, Dec-08, Volume: 66, Issue:84 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation;	1975
[Clinical experience with delayed-action salbutamol]. Minerva medica, 1976, Mar-31, Volume: 67, Issue:16 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Evaluation; Hemodynamics; Huma	1976
[Our experience with salbutamol in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic asthmatiform bronchitis]. Minerva medica, 1976, Mar-31, Volume: 67, Issue:16 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Respiratory Fun	1976
[Effects of salbutamol in bronchial asthma and in chronic obstructive bronchopathy]. Minerva medica, 1976, Apr-07, Volume: 67, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Cardiovascular System; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation; Femal	1976
[Physical exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive emphysematous bronchitis and coronary heart disease under antiobstructive therapy]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1992, Oct-23, Volume: 117, Issue:43 Topics: Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Therapy,	1992
[The role of pharmacological tests in detecting disorders in the bronchial patency and bronchial reactivity of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. Likars'ka sprava, 1992, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adolescent; Adult; Albuterol; Bronchi; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocati	1992
[Abolition of the salbutamol-induced bronchodilating effect during bronchial infection in patients with chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1992, Apr-04, Volume: 21, Issue:13 Topics: Albuterol; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Middle Aged; Recurrence	1992
The severity of asthma in relation to beta agonist prescribing. The New Zealand medical journal, 1991, Feb-13, Volume: 104, Issue:905 Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Dise	1991
Pulmonary gas exchange in severe chronic asthma. Response to 100% oxygen and salbutamol. The American review of respiratory disease, 1990, Volume: 141, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Blood Gas Analysis; Chronic Disease; Hem	1990
[Comparative study of the bronchodilator effect of inhaled fenoterol and aerosol salbutamol in patients with chronic bronchial asthma]. Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984), 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Female; Fenot	1989
Efficacy of salbutamol in chronic cough in childhood leukaemia. Lancet (London, England), 1989, Mar-04, Volume: 1, Issue:8636 Topics: Albuterol; Child; Chronic Disease; Cough; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Pilot Projects; Precursor Cell Ly	1989
[Study of the effect of salbutamol inhalation on the function of small airways in patients with chronic bronchitis without ventilatory disorders using simple spirographic tests]. Pneumonologia polska, 1989, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Albuterol; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Mi	1989
Diagnostic value of reversibility of chronic airway obstruction to separate asthma from chronic bronchitis: a statistical approach. The European respiratory journal, 1989, Volume: 2, Issue:6 Topics: Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Forced Exp	1989
Breath-actuated inhalers: comparison of terbutaline Turbohaler with salbutamol Rotahaler. The European respiratory journal, 1989, Volume: 2, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Evaluation	1989
[Chronic obstructive lung diseases associated with systemic arterial hypertension]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1985, Volume: 57, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Albuterol; Antihypertensive Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combina	1985
Effect of bronchodilators on airway resistance in ventilator-dependent neonates with chronic lung disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 1987, Volume: 111, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Bronchodilator Agents; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Chronic Disease; Dr	1987
Tissue specific modulation of beta-adrenoceptor number in rats with chronic hypoxia with an attenuated response to down-regulation by salbutamol. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1986, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Hypoxia; Lung; Male; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, In	1986
Interpretation of the variability of peak flow rates in chronic bronchitis. Thorax, 1986, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Forced Expirato	1986
Use of oxygen driven nebulizer delivery systems for beta-2 agonists in chronic bronchitis. Irish journal of medical science, 1985, Volume: 154, Issue:5 Topics: Aerosols; Albuterol; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Oxygen; Pulmonary Emphysema	1985
Salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate versus theophylline for the prevention of methacholine-induced bronchospasm in patients with chronic bronchitis. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1985, Volume: 23, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Beclomethasone; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchitis; Chronic	1985
[Over-8-hour salbutamol effect in obstructive respiratory tract diseases]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1974, Apr-18, Volume: 92, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Asthma; Bronchitis; Child; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Ti	1974

albuterol and Chronic Disease