ajmaline and Atrial-Fibrillation

Tachyarrhythmias which originate above the bifurcation of the bundle of His or incorporate tissue proximal to it are classified as supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT). Primary treatment of SVT attempts to influence the underlying disease. Therapy is subdivided into drug therapy, electrotherapeutic tools (e.g. antitachycardia pacemakers, catheter ablation) and antiarrhythmic surgery. Antiarrhythmic agents which slow conduction and suppress premature beats are efficient for emergency and long-term treatment of supraventricular tachycardias. We evaluated some of the most relevant antiarrhythmic drugs for SVT including propafenone, diprafenone, cibenzoline, lorcainide and sotalol; in addition, usage and efficacy of quinidine/verapamil, disopyramide, amiodarone, ajmaline, adenosine and flecainide are summarized. The principles for acute management of tachycardia episodes with narrow and broad complexes are outlined. The reason for the selection as well as the efficacy in the termination of the tachycardias is described for different antiarrhythmic agents including verapamil, adenosine, ajmaline, propafenone and flecainide.

Topics: Ajmaline; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Disopyramide; Flecainide; Humans; Imidazoles; Pre-Excitation Syndromes; Propafenone; Quinidine; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Verapamil

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Amiodarone; Anilides; Aprindine; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzofurans; Digitalis Glycosides; Disopyramide; Encainide; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Verapamil; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Action Potentials; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Lidocaine; Phenytoin; Practolol; Procainamide; Quinidine; Sparteine; Ventricular Fibrillation; Verapamil

Topics: Administration, Oral; Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Biotransformation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Drug Hypersensitivity; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Hypotension; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

In a prospective randomized study, we assessed the electrophysiologic effects and the efficacy of ajmaline versus propafenone in patients with accessory pathways (APs). During initiated atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AF), ajmaline (1 mg/kg as bolus followed by infusion of 15 micrograms/kg/min) or propafenone (2 mg/kg, followed by infusion of 30 micrograms/kg/min.) were randomly administered intravenously (i.v.) in 40 patients with APs. AV reentrant tachycardia terminated in 15 of 16 patients (94%) on ajmaline and in 12 of 15 patients (80%, NS) on propafenone. AF ceased in 4 of 4 patients receiving ajmaline and in 3 of 5 patients receiving propafenone (n.s.). During continuous infusion of drugs, AV reentrant tachycardia became noninducible in 10 (50%) patients receiving ajmaline, as compared with 6 (32%) receiving propafenone (NS). Both drugs significantly prolonged the anterograde and retrograde effective refractory periods (ERPs) of the AP. There were no significant differences in changes in electrophysiologic parameters between the two drugs. Ajmaline and propafenone are highly effective and safe in terminating and preventing reinitiation of AV reentrant tachycardia or AF in patients with APs. Both drugs significantly prolonged the anterograde and retrograde ERPs of the APs.

Topics: Accessory Nerve; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrophysiology; Female; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Propafenone; Prospective Studies; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

A comparative study of antiarrhythmic drugs was performed in 81 patients with atrial fibrillation attacks in the presence of preexcitation syndrome. The first intravenous administration of cordarone was effective in 84.06%, disopyramide--in 69%, ajmaline in 44.8, verapamil in 42.1, novocaine amide in 39.4 and ethacizin in 38.5% of the patients. The first oral administration of quinidine and kinilentin arrested 80.4% of arrhythmia attacks, disopyramide 66.7% propranolol and mexitil 37.5 and 33.3%, respectively. Prospective evolution of antiarrhythmic therapy manifested with decreased therapeutic efficacy of the drugs from 55.7 to 26.2% in the whole group during the period of 1-5 years.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ajmaline; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Disopyramide; Female; Humans; Male; Mexiletine; Middle Aged; Moricizine; Pre-Excitation Syndromes; Procainamide; Propranolol; Quinidine; Time Factors; Verapamil

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Sparteine

Patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) have an increased risk of arrhythmias, including atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATas).. The purpose of this study was to assess underlying atrial cardiomyopathy in BrS and the effect of ajmaline (AJM) test on the atrium of BrS patients using electrocardiogram imaging (ECGI).. All consecutive patients diagnosed with BrS in a monocentric registry were screened and included if they met the following criteria: 1) BrS diagnosed following current recommendations; and 2) ECGI map performed before and after AJM with a standard protocol. Consecutive patients with no structural heart disease or BrS who had undergone ECGI were included as a control group. Genetic analysis for SCN5A was performed in all BrS patients. Total atrial conduction time (TACT) and local atrial conduction time (LACT) were calculated from atrial ECGI. The primary endpoint was ATas during follow-up.. Forty-three consecutive BrS patients and 40 control patients were included. Both TACT and LACT were significantly prolonged in BrS patients compared with control patients. Furthermore, TACT and LACT were significantly higher after AJM administration and in BrS patients who were carriers of a pathogenic/likely pathogenic SCN5A variant. After a mean follow-up of 40.9 months, 6 patients experienced a first ATa occurrence (all in the BrS group, 13.9%). TACT was the only independent predictor of ATas with a cutoff of >138.5 ms (sensitivity 0.92 [95% CI: 0.83-0.98], specificity 0.70 [95% CI: 0.59-0.81]).. ECGI-calculated TACT and LACT are significantly prolonged in BrS patients compared with control patients, and in BrS patients after AJM. This may be consistent with a concealed atrial cardiomyopathy in BrS.

Topics: Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiomyopathies; Electrocardiography; Humans

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited disease associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Recent studies have reported the presence of an altered atrial phenotype characterized by abnormal P-wave parameters. The aim of this study was to identify BrS based exclusively on P-wave features through an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model.. Continuous 5 min 12-lead ECG recordings were obtained in sinus rhythm from (i) patients with spontaneous or ajmaline-induced BrS and no history of AF and (ii) subjects with suspected BrS and negative ajmaline challenge. The recorded ECG signals were processed and divided into epochs of 15 s each. Within these epochs, P-waves were first identified and then averaged. From the averaged P-waves, a total of 67 different features considered relevant to the classification task were extracted. These features were then used to train nine different AI-based supervised classifiers. A total of 2228 averaged P-wave observations, resulting from the analysis of 33 420 P-waves, were obtained from 123 patients (79 BrS+ and 44 BrS-). Averaged P-waves were divided using a patient-wise split, allocating 80% for training and 20% for testing, ensuring data integrity and reducing biases in AI-based model training. The BrS+ patients presented with longer P-wave duration (136 ms vs. 124 ms, P < 0.001) and higher terminal force in lead V1 (2.5 au vs. 1.7 au, P < 0.01) compared with BrS- subjects. Among classifiers, AdaBoost model had the highest values of performance for all the considered metrics, reaching an accuracy of over 81% (sensitivity 86%, specificity 73%).. An AI machine-learning model is able to identify patients with BrS based only on P-wave characteristics. These findings confirm the presence of an atrial hallmark and open new horizons for AI-guided BrS diagnosis.

Topics: Ajmaline; Artificial Intelligence; Atrial Fibrillation; Brugada Syndrome; Electrocardiography; Humans

This case study shows a young male presenting a mixture of two disease entities: (1) Brugada syndrome with a nearly-normal baseline electrocardiogram and positive Ajmaline drug challenge as well as (2) idiopathic ventricular fibrillation including extremely short-coupled monomorphic ventricular premature beats (VPB) triggering ventricular fibrillation (coupling interval 318 ± 21 ms). In this phenotypic patient group-more suggestive of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation due to the ultra-short coupling interval of the VPBs-drug treatment with a class IA agent such as Quinidine might be an important option to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and ablation therapy.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Brugada Syndrome; Bundle-Branch Block; Catheter Ablation; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Prosthesis Implantation; Quinidine; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Fibrillation; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Pregnancy is related to an increased frequency of arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, which might lead to sudden death. A 40-year-old woman, with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome which was not diagnosed until pregnancy, presented in the 34th week with an atrial fibrillation, with high risk criteria for ventricular fibrillation. Intravenous ajmaline was given to convert the tachyarrhythmia to sinus rhythm. We obtained an excellent maternal control with no maternal or fetal adverse effects.

Topics: Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the mechanism of syncope in idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). An electrocardiographic study was undertaken in 43 patients with HCM: 27 (Group I) had a history of syncope and 16 (Group II) had no history of syncope but were investigated for conduction defects (n = 7) or unsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 9). The stimulation protocol used programmed atrial pacing with 1 and 2 extrastimuli and ventricular pacing using up to 3 extrastimuli delivered at 2 sites. The following results were obtained: sustained atrial fibrillation (AF) (> 1 min) was induced in 21 patients in Group I (78%), 4 in Group II (25%); VT was induced in 3 patients in Group I (11%), and 3 in Group II (19%); infra-Hisian block was detected in 1 patient in Group I. The mechanism of syncope was elucidated in 23 patients in Group I (85%): one atrioventricular block 1 sinus node dysfunction, 18 atrial fibrillations, 2 associations of AF-VT and 1 VT. The authors conclude that the prevalence of inducible AF was higher in patients with HCA and syncope than in controls and HCM without syncope: this was the only detectable difference in 67% of patients with unexplained syncope. Paroxysmal AF could therefore explain malaise or syncope in up to 2/3 of cases of HCM.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Female; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Syncope

The 12 lead electrocardiographic (ECG) findings were reviewed in 17 patients having two or more accessory pathways as documented during electrophysiologic study in all 17 patients and by intraoperative mapping in 8. Twelve patients had findings suggesting the presence of more than one atrioventricular (AV) pathway. These were 1) more than one P wave configuration during orthodromic circus movement tachycardia (four patients); 2) a "mismatch" between the location of the ventricular and atrial ends of the accessory pathway as assessed when comparing exclusive AV and ventriculoatrial conduction over the accessory pathway during antidromic and orthodromic circus movement tachycardia, respectively (seven patients); 3) atrial fibrillation showing more than one pre-excitation pattern (six patients); 4) a spontaneous change from orthodromic to antidromic circus movement tachycardia and vice versa (two patients); 5) a spontaneous change from one type of antidromic tachycardia to another (two patients); and 6) a change in pre-excitation pattern after administration of a drug that prolongs the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway (three patients). The retrospective nature of this study does not allow conclusions as to the true value of the ECG in predicting the presence of more than one accessory pathway. This issue needs to be evaluated in a prospective study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Child; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Female; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Male; Pre-Excitation Syndromes; Procainamide; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

Topics: Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diagnosis, Differential; Hepatitis B; Humans; Male

Slow conduction of early extrastimuli and short refractory periods are some of the factors underlying atrial fibrillation in man. In order to study the effect of ajmaline, a class I antiarrhythmic agent, on these variables, we have performed electrophysiologic studies in 13 patients with and without atrial arrhythmias, before and after the intravenous administration of 1 mg kg-1 of ajmaline chlorhydrate. During paced rhythm with a 600 ms cycle length, extrastimuli were applied to the right atrial appendage, and conduction to the low septal right atrium and the coronary sinus were measured. Ajmaline prolonged P wave duration from 111 +/- 15 to 140 +/- 24 ms (P less than 0.001), conduction of baseline stimuli to low septal right atrium from 69 +/- 14 to 95 +/- 21 ms (P less than 0.001) and to coronary sinus from 127 +/- 18 to 165 +/- 29 ms (P less than 0.001). Atrial effective refractory period increased from 207 +/- 23 to 255 +/- 27 ms (P less than 0.001). Maximum conduction delay of early extrastimuli decreased at the low septal right atrium from 43 +/- 22 to 29 +/- 16 ms (P less than 0.25) and at the coronary sinus from 47 +/- 22 to 21 +/- 14 ms (P less than 0.001). These results show interesting electrophysiologic effects of ajmaline on atrial tissue, with reversion of some of the abnormalities underlying atrial fibrillation, and suggest an antiarrhythmic effect.

Topics: Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Heart Conduction System; Humans

Anterograde block in the accessory pathway with a short effective refractory period was observed after intravenous (IV) injection of 1 mg/kg of ajmaline in two patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The possibility of a false-negative response to this test is discussed. Ajmaline is proposed as an emergency drug in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the setting of atrial fibrillation with a very high ventricular rate.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiography; False Negative Reactions; Heart Block; Humans; Male; Ventricular Fibrillation; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

The Authors refer on the antiarrhythmic efficacy of quinidine polygalacturonate and prajmalium bitartrate combination for the treatment of refractory recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, in one patient.

Topics: Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Prajmaline; Quinidine; Recurrence

The conservative management of supraventricular tachycardias is briefly surveyed and described. For exact treatment a description of different ways of origin of tachycardias such as focal activity or reentry-mechanisms is given. A diagram at the end shows the site of influence of different antiarrhythmic drugs in the atria and the AV-node as well as the accessory pathways in preexcitation. A list of antiarrhythmics according to their classification of Vaughan Williams and of Tournboul completes this survey.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Humans; Propafenone; Propiophenones; Tachycardia; Verapamil

Intermittent preexcitation, block in the accessory pathway after intravenous injection of ajmaline or procainamide, and block in the accessory pathway during exercise usually exclude a short antegrade refractory period of an accessory pathway in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. This report describes three patients with these findings suggestive of a relatively long antegrade effective refractory period of the accessory pathway in whom life-threatening ventricular response occurred during atrial fibrillation. In the first patient with a pattern of intermittent preexcitation, rapid ventricular response with wide QRS was present during atrial fibrillation. In the second patient in whom preexcitation disappeared after intravenous injection of ajmaline or procainamide as well as during exercise testing, atrial pacing showed 1:1 conduction over the accessory pathway at a cycle length of 220 msec and the shortest R-R interval during induced atrial fibrillation was 190 msec. The third patient, with no evidence of preexcitation during sinus rhythm, presented antidromic reciprocating tachycardia and atrial fibrillation with life-threatening ventricular response, the minimal R-R interval being 220 msec. Noninvasive tests in the preexcitation syndrome lack sufficient prognostic sensitivity. The evaluation of ventricular response during induced atrial fibrillation represents the most reliable means of identifying such patients at risk.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Conduction System; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Procainamide; Prognosis; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, the two most commonly occurring arrhythmias are circus movement tachycardia (CMT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). In 70% of patients with clinically documented CMT in whom the arrhythmia could be initiated by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart, the same CMT could still be initiated after long-term oral amiodarone administration. Spontaneous clinical recurrence of the arrhythmia was, however, observed in only 10% of patients. This finding suggests that the beneficial effect of amiodarone on CMT is primarily based on the prevention of the CMT-initiating premature beat. This may also apply to atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, in which amiodarone is also extremely effective in preventing relapses. The role of amiodarone in other forms of reentrant, or ectopic, supraventricular tachycardias is less well defined. During AF in WPW syndrome, the ventricular rate is related to the duration of the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway. Amiodarone prolongs this value, resulting in the reduction of ventricular rate during AF. Unfortunately, in the presence of a short anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway, amiodarone results in only a small amount of lengthening of this value. In these patients the beneficial effect of amiodarone may primarily be related to the prevention of episodes of AF. We also found that the effect of oral amiodarone on the duration of the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway can (1) be abolished by sympathetic stimulation with isoproterenol and (2) be predicted from the effect of ajmaline or procainamide given intravenously. These observations clearly have practical clinical implications.

Topics: Ajmaline; Amiodarone; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzofurans; Electrophysiology; Heart; Humans; Isoproterenol; Procainamide; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Quinidine; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Contraction; Prajmaline

Ajmaline was administered intravenously to six patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome for the acute management of paroxysmal atrial flutter (three patients) or fibrillation (three patients) with a fast ventricular response (over the accessory pathway). Ajmaline increased refractoriness in the accessory pathway in all three patients with atrial flutter and stopped the flutter in one. The drug completely abolished preexcitation in two of the three patients with atrial fibrillation, decreasing the means ventricular rate of 240 and 300 beats/min to 110 and 180 beats/min, respectively. In the third patient with atrial fibrillation, ajmaline increased refractoriness over the accessory pathway, decreasing the mean ventricular rate of 300 beats/min to 160 beats/min. In two patients ajmaline was continued as an intravenous maintenance infusion until sinus rhythm was restored. It is concluded that ajmaline is an effective drug for the acute management of atrial flutter or fibrillation with a fast ventricular response in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Ajmaline given intravenously produced complete anterograde block in the accessory pathway of 32 of 59 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. An electrophysiologic investigation performed 1 day later revealed that failure of ajmaline to produce complete anterograde block in the accessory pathway corresponded to a short refractory period of this pathway (less than 270 ms). The use of ajmaline intravenously is advanced as a reliable and rapid procedure for identifying those patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who have a short refractory period of the accessory pathway and are possible at risk of circulatory insufficiency or sudden death if atrial fibrillation supervenes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Child; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Digoxin; Disopyramide; Electric Countershock; Humans; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Verapamil

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prajmaline; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

Electrophysiologic studies were performed in a 41 year old man for analysis of paroxysmal tachycardias appearing in various electrocardiographic patterns of supraventricular and ventricular bigeminy, junctional and ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, among others. All these arrhythmias were due to dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways with simultaneous dual fast and slow conduction of single atrial beats at a normal basic sinus rate. Moderate changes in sinus rate and in fast or slow pathway conduction times, or both, changed the position of the slowly conducted beats between the neighboring two fast conducted beats and resulted in various electrocardiographic manifestations of the conduction disturbance. Different blocks, such as second degree type 1, 2:1, 3:1 and possibly also type II, in one of the two pathways and occasionally aberrant conduction induced even more unusual tracings. After intravenous injection of 25 mg of ajmaline, unexpected lengthening and shortening of the A-H interval occurred, suggesting variable shifts between fast and slow pathway conduction. The incidence of dual A-V nodal pathways is discussed; it was documented in 17 (4.2 percent) of 405 patients studied. A theoretical model of A-V nodal conduction is proposed to explain its normal properties and abnormal patterns.

Topics: Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Atropine; Bundle of His; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Metoprolol; Models, Biological; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Verapamil

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Lidocaine; Quinidine; Syndrome; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Verapamil

A case of agranulocytosis (min. leucocyte count 980/mm3) after 4 weeks of treatment with an ajmalin derivate is reported. Recovery could be achieved by taking away the antiarrhythmic drug. It appears that these agranulocytoses only happen after a dosage of more than 300 mg/die, and that they have an intermediate position between allergic and toxic agranulocytosis (phenothiazine type).

Topics: Aged; Agranulocytosis; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Humans; Male

Topics: Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Digoxin; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Lidocaine; Practolol; Procainamide

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Humans; Lidocaine; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Verapamil

Topics: Aconitine; Ajmaline; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Infusions, Parenteral; Vascular Resistance

Having briefly touched upon the problem of terminology and classification of arrhythmias the authors consider the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of some disorders, including the extrasystole (the significance of the extrasystolic interval), ectopic arrhythmias from the region of the atrio-ventricular junction (with simultaneous consistent or transent disruption of the intraventricular conduction), isolated atrial tachycardia, some variants of auricular fibrillation, flutter paroxysms, paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia, with continued auricular fibrillation in particular, and also the earlier described electrocardiographic phenomenon tentatively interpreted as sinistroatrial fibrillation with dextraatrial tachycardia, as well as major types of disrupted condution. The authors give a brief exposure of their views as to the principles of the treatment. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a comprehensive clinical approach to the diagnostic matters and to the evaluation of arrhythmias, as well as to the fundamental need to define more precisely the pathogenesis of the disturbed rhythm in a concrete patient so as to adopt an effective treatment.

Topics: Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Cardiac Glycosides; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Humans; Lidocaine; Pacemaker, Artificial; Procainamide; Propranolol; Quinidine; Reserpine; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tartrates; Ventricular Fibrillation; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Aconitum; Ajmaline; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Azepines; Benzoates; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Heart Block; Male; Ouabain; Tachycardia

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Coronary Disease; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Tachycardia

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tartrates

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Bradycardia; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Digitalis Glycosides; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Reserpine; Tachycardia

Topics: Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Digitalis Glycosides; Heart Block; Humans; Lidocaine; Metaproterenol; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Tachycardia; Ventricular Fibrillation; Verapamil

Topics: Acetanilides; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Amino Alcohols; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; Propylamines; Sinoatrial Node; Verapamil; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Bundle-Branch Block; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Atropine; Bradycardia; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Heart Block; Humans; Lidocaine; Metaproterenol; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Verapamil

Topics: Acetanilides; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Amino Alcohols; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Bretylium Compounds; Digitalis Glycosides; Electric Countershock; Humans; Lidocaine; Phenytoin; Propranolol; Propylamines; Pyridines; Quinidine; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Female; Humans; Male; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Rauwolfia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Ajmaline; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Bradycardia; Digitalis Glycosides; Humans; Phenytoin; Procainamide; Quinidine; Sympatholytics; Tachycardia

Topics: Ajmaline; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Humans; Rauwolfia; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Toxicology

Topics: Ajmaline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Arteriosclerosis; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Electrocardiography; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Quinidine; Rauwolfia; Toxicology

Topics: Acetylcholine; Ajmaline; Alkaloids; Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Quinidine; Rauwolfia; Research

Topics: Ajmaline; Anemia; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperthyroidism; Rauwolfia; Tachycardia