agar and Multiple-Sclerosis

Topics: Agar; Amino Acids; Brain Neoplasms; Carbohydrates; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Cytodiagnosis; Electrophoresis; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Inflammation; Lipids; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Multiple Sclerosis; Syphilis

To facilitate correct interpretation of sodium MRI measurements, calculation of error with respect to rapid signal decay is introduced and combined with that of spatially correlated noise to assess volume-of-interest (VOI). Noise and signal decay-related error calculations were verified using twisted projection imaging and a specially designed phantom with different sized spheres of constant elevated sodium concentration. As a demonstration, lesion signal measurement variation (5 multiple sclerosis participants) was compared with that predicted from calculation.. Both theory and phantom experiment showed that VOI signal measurement in a large 10-mL, 314-voxel sphere was 20% less than expected on account of point-spread-function smearing when the VOI was drawn to include the full sphere. Volume-of-interest contraction reduced this error but increased noise-related error. Errors were even greater for smaller spheres (40-60% less than expected for a 0.35-mL, 11-voxel sphere). Image-intensity VOI measurements varied and increased with multiple sclerosis lesion size in a manner similar to that predicted from theory. Correlation suggests large underestimation of. Acquisition-specific measurement error calculation aids

Topics: Adult; Agar; Algorithms; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical Errors; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Sodium

The aim of magnetization transfer is to saturate the protons of the macromolecule pool with a radiofrequency (RF) pulse leading to differences in free water pool signal. Magnetization transfer (MT) contrast is difficult to achieve with the echo planar imaging (EPI) technique, although its short acquisition time would be most beneficial. Indeed, the RF saturation pulses can only be applied once before sampling the whole k-space in a single-short sequence. A possible solution to improve the sensitivity of EPI to magnetization transfer consists in applying a train of several saturation RF pulses before image acquisition. The different parameters of a RF pulse train and their influence on the MT rate have been tested to optimize an EPI clinical sequence. Our experimental procedure makes it possible to obtain a MT map in about 1 second. The technique is evaluated by multiple sclerosis lesion characterization.

Topics: Adult; Agar; Aged; Brain; Echo-Planar Imaging; Female; Gelatin; Humans; Magnetics; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results

Topics: Agar; Cerebral Infarction; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Lymphokines; Methods; Multiple Sclerosis; Nephritis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Agar; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Brain Neoplasms; Cellulose; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Encephalitis; Female; Friedreich Ataxia; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Methods; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervous System Diseases; Osteochondritis; Parkinson Disease; Spinal Neoplasms; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Brain Diseases; Child; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis; Polysaccharides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Echoencephalography; Electrophoresis; Female; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin G; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurologic Examination; Optic Neuritis; Scotoma

Topics: Agar; Animals; Antigens; Central Nervous System; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis; Epitopes; gamma-Globulins; Gels; Haptens; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Multiple Sclerosis; Rabbits

Topics: Adult; Agar; Age Factors; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cell Count; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis; Female; gamma-Globulins; Gels; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Sex Factors

Topics: Agar; Albumins; Atrophy; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Electrophoresis; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunochemistry; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin G; Infections; Methods; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasms; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Syphilis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Aged; Alkylation; Amino Acids; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Cellulose; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Child; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Culture Techniques; Electrophoresis; Female; gamma-Globulins; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervous System Diseases; Neuraminic Acids; Neuraminidase; Peptides; Rabbits; Starch; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Agar; Animals; Antibody Formation; Blood; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Encephalomyelitis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Multiple Sclerosis; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuritis; Polyradiculopathy; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Research

Topics: Agar; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Electrophoresis; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Meningitis; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurosyphilis; Pathology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Polyradiculopathy; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins

Topics: Agar; Animals; Antibodies; Electrophoresis; Encephalomyelitis; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoelectrophoresis; Multiple Sclerosis