agar and Haemophilus-Infections

A modified chocolate blood agar medium incorporating cefsulodin, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin, was developed and compared with non-selective chocolate blood agar and selective haemin-bacitracin blood agar for the routine isolation of Haemophilus influenzae from the respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis. The results showed that cefsulodin chocolate blood agar improved the recovery rate of H. influenzae in this group of patients. The medium was stable on storage for 10 days at 4 degrees C.

Topics: Agar; Bacitracin; Blood; Cacao; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Culture Media; Cystic Fibrosis; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Hemin; Humans; Inhalation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum

Many factors affecting satellitism tests are unclear, and it is difficult to avoid misidentification, even if the medium is properly selected. We investigated the factors causing false-positive results for Haemophilus influenzae and false-negative results for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the satellitism tests using Staphylococcus aureus as the source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). H. influenzae (four reference strains and 47 clinical isolates), H. parainfluenzae (two reference strains and 67 clinical isolates), four different media, and two strains of S. aureus revived on two different media were used in this study. The type of medium used to revive S. aureus was the most common factor causing false-positive results for H. influenzae, followed by different strains of S. aureus and the type of medium used for the experiment. The production of false-negative results for H. parainfluenzae was only related to the medium used in the experiment. To improve the accuracy of the tests in routine laboratories, using S. aureus as the source of NAD, tryptic soy agar, and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) revived on nutrient agar should be adopted.

Topics: Agar; Culture Media; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus parainfluenzae; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; NAD; Staphylococcus aureus

Reliable methods of detection of antimicrobial resistance are of paramount importance in the treatment and management of infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate the performance of disc diffusion and E test (Epsilometer test) with agar dilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H. influenzae.. A total of 46 isolates of H. influenzae from various invasive sites were included as test strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and cefotaxime. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination was performed by E test and agar dilution for the same set of antimicrobials. All tests were performed on Haemophilus test medium (HTM).. Disc diffusion showed a very major (2%) and minor (4%) interpretative error with TMP-SMZ and minor interpretative errors to ampicillin (13%) and chloramphenicol (24%) when compared to agar dilution method. E test produced only minor interpretative errors to chloramphenicol (7%) and TMP-SMZ (2%) and no interpretative errors with ampicillin and cefotaxime as against agar dilution. E test showed good agreement with agar dilution for each of the antimicrobial tested.. Disc diffusion test may be used as a preliminary screen for susceptibility testing of H. influenzae. E test is simple, easy to perform and a reliable method for determination of resistance in H. influenzae. However its cost and limited availability in India may limit its use. The reference agar dilution method can be used reliably in routine susceptibility testing of H. influenzae.

Topics: Agar; Anti-Infective Agents; Diffusion; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Streptococcus pneumoniae grows well and generally exhibits typical morphology on Columbia blood agar, whereas Haemophilus influenzae requires a more complex medium to meet its growth requirements - usually chocolated blood agar - on which S. pneumoniae is less easily recognisable. Therefore, a single medium that produces typical morphology of S. pneumoniae and facilitates the growth of H. influenzae would have considerable potential advantages. It has been claimed that blood agar supplemented with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is such a medium. However, despite its routine use in several large diagnostic laboratories its performance has never been properly evaluated. In the present study, 1724 sputum samples were examined in four laboratories. The isolation rates of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae on NAD-supplemented blood agar (SBA) were compared with those on a two-plate combination of plain blood (BA) and chocolated blood agar (CBA). The two-plate combination performed significantly better for both organisms; isolation rates for H. influenzae were increased from 8.16% on SBA to 11.07% on BA plus CBA and for S. pneumoniae from 4.18% to 4.68%. Isolation rates were also compared after incubation for 24 and 48 h. With the two-plate combination, isolation rates for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were increased by 0.98% and 0.16%, respectively, and for SBA by 0.57% and 0.32% after 48 h. However, despite this increase, SBA still performed less well than the two-plate combination.

Topics: Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Cacao; Culture Media; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Heme; Humans; NAD; Pneumococcal Infections; Sputum; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Topics: Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Latvia; Professional Competence

Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity assay of microorganisms from pathological materials of 177 patients with nonspecific diseases of the lungs, mainly pneumonia, were performed on blood and selective "chocolate" agars by using Baktofok-MK, a new dry nutrient basis developed by the authors. Blood and "chocolate" agars based on the Hottinger's hydrolysate were used as the control media. It was shown that with the quantitative procedure for inoculating the pathological material, the experimental media based on Baktofok-MK were much more sensitive to growth properties that the control media. That made it possible to detect larger numbers of etiologically important microbial species on the blood agar and to isolate clinical strains of Hemophilus spp. from a larger number of specimens on the "chocolate" agar.

Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Culture Media; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Sputum; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Crystal violet, lincomycin, spectinomycin and bacitracin were evaluated as selective agents in media for isolation of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. No single antimicrobial agent or combination of two or more inhibited all non-Haemophilus strains (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus equisimilis and Staphylococcus aureus) without marked suppression of 16 H. pleuropneumoniae strains. A medium containing 1 micrograms/mL of crystal violet, 1 microgram/mL of lincomycin, 8 micrograms/mL of spectinomycin and 128 micrograms/mL of bacitracin inhibited one E. coli strain and the Gram-positive strains while H. pleuropneumoniae strains were suppressed to a minor degree only. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was isolated on the selective medium on three occasions from the nose or pharynx of two out of eight experimentally inoculated pigs. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was recovered from the nose of only two pigs at necropsy and from tonsil of one, whereas the lower airways in most pigs and the lung lesions in all pigs were positive. There was no advantage to using the selective medium for the recovery of H. pleuropneumoniae at necropsy from these eight experimentally infected pigs, probably because other bacteria were absent or present in very low numbers in the tissues with H. pleuropneumoniae. The isolation rate on selective medium was higher than the rate on non-selective medium (p less than or equal to 0.1; chi 2 test) when the airways of slaughtered pigs were cultured. This was likely due to a high degree of contamination. Dry swabs placed in tryptone yeast extract with nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide gave a significantly higher recovery rate than commercial Culturette swabs in modified Stuart's transport medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Agar; Animals; Bacitracin; Bacteriological Techniques; Carrier State; Caseins; Culture Media; Gentian Violet; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Lincomycin; Pleuropneumonia; Protein Hydrolysates; Serotyping; Spectinomycin; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Actinomycetales; Agar; Animals; Blood; Culture Media; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Sheep; Vagina; Vaginitis

Isolation of Haemophilus influenzae from specimens contaminated with upper respiratory tract microbial flora was attempted with three different media: enriched chocolate agar, chocolate agar plus vancomycin, and chocolate agar plus vancomycin, bacitracin, and clindamycin. Recovery rates of H. influenzae from 852 pediatric pharyngeal swab specimens were 6.0, 28.5, and 59.9%, respectively.

Topics: Adolescent; Agar; Child; Child, Preschool; Culture Media; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections

The principal objective of this study was the characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis by gas chromatography. Thirty-eight isolates and the type strain, ATCC 14018, of G. vaginalis were studied. Hexadecanoic (16:0), octadecenoic (18:1) and octadecanoic (18:0) were the major fatty acids detected. Only insignificant differences between the various isolates could be found. The gas chromatographic analysis of G. vaginalis revealed a characteristic pattern. Gas chromatography in combination with selective growth conditions provides a method for rapid and exact identification.

Topics: Agar; Animals; Blood; Chromatography, Gas; Fatty Acids; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Sheep; Vaginitis

Presumptive identification of Gardnerella vaginalis from 48-h human blood agar cultures by using a Gram stain, hemolysis, and colonial morphology was highly accurate.

Topics: Agar; Blood; Cervix Uteri; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Hemolysis; Humans; Vagina

Topics: Adult; Agar; Animals; Bacitracin; Bronchiectasis; Cattle; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Cystic Fibrosis; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Hemin; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum

Topics: Agar; Ampicillin; Bacteriological Techniques; Cacao; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Male; Pyuria; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Agar; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antigens; Culture Media; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucose; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Horses; Immune Sera; Methods; Pleuropneumonia; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Saccharomyces; Serotyping; Sheep; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Aged; Candidiasis; Cephalosporins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nausea; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Urinary Tract Infections; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Agar; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Culture Media; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Heart; Meningoencephalitis; Rabbits; Thromboembolism

Topics: Agar; Child; Child, Preschool; Ear, Middle; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Penicillin V

Topics: Agar; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Folic Acid Antagonists; Haemophilus Infections; Meningococcal Infections; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumococcal Infections; Pyrimidines; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole