agar and Acute-Disease

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Methylcellulose; Multiple Myeloma

The technique of bone marrow cultures has been shown to be of value in childhood acute leukemia. It now appears that acute myelogenous leukemia may be due to defective maturation of normal progenitor cells. The pattern of growth of these cells has been demonstrated to be of prognostic value. In contrast, the growth of normal progenitor cells from the bone marrow cultures of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) may be due to the few remaining normal cells. The cause of granulocytopenia in childhood ALL is still unclear.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Bone Marrow; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child, Preschool; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Culture Media; Granulocytes; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Phytohemagglutinins

Oral rehydration is the main treatment of acute diarrhea in children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of xyloglucan and gelose (agar-agar) plus oral rehydration solution (ORS) compared with placebo and ORS for reduction of acute diarrhea symptoms in children.. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, children with acute gastroenteritis received xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS (n = 50) or placebo plus ORS (n = 50) for 5 days. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters were recorded and analyzed.. Xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS was effective and safe in treating acute diarrhea in children.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Agar; Antidiarrheals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fluid Therapy; Gastroenteritis; Glucans; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Rehydration Solutions; Treatment Outcome; Xylans

Murine models of acute and chronic lung infection have been used in studying Pseudomonas aeruginosa for assessing in vivo behavior and for monitoring of the host response. These models provide an important resource for studies of the initiation and maintenance of bacterial infection, identify bacterial genes essential for in vivo maintenance and for the development and testing of new therapies. The rat has been used extensively as a model of chronic lung infection, whereas the mouse has been a model of acute and chronic infection. Intratracheal administration of planktonic bacterial cells in the mouse provides a model of acute pneumonia. Bacteria enmeshed in agar beads can be used in the rat and mouse to reproduce the lung pathology of cystic fibrosis patients with advanced chronic pulmonary disease. Here, we describe the methods to assess virulence of P. aeruginosa using prototype and clinical strains in the Sprague-Dawley rat and the C57BL/6NCrlBR mouse by monitoring several measurable read-outs including weight loss, mortality, in vivo growth curves, the competitive index of infectivity, and the inflammatory response.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; Biological Assay; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Inflammation; Kinetics; Lung; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Tract Infections; Survival Analysis; Virulence

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can adapt to changing environments and can secrete an exopolysaccharide known as alginate as a protection response, resulting in a colony morphology and phenotype referred to as mucoid. However, how P. aeruginosa senses its environment and activates alginate overproduction is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that Pseudomonas isolation agar supplemented with ammonium metavanadate (PIAAMV) induces P. aeruginosa to overproduce alginate. Vanadate is a phosphate mimic and causes protein misfolding by disruption of disulfide bonds. Here we used PIAAMV to characterize the pathways involved in inducible alginate production and tested the global effects of P. aeruginosa growth on PIAAMV by a mutant library screen, by transcriptomics, and in a murine acute virulence model. The PA14 nonredundant mutant library was screened on PIAAMV to identify new genes that are required for the inducible alginate stress response. A functionally diverse set of genes encoding products involved in cell envelope biogenesis, peptidoglycan remodeling, uptake of phosphate and iron, phenazine biosynthesis, and other processes were identified as positive regulators of the mucoid phenotype on PIAAMV. Transcriptome analysis of P. aeruginosa cultures growing in the presence of vanadate showed differential expression of genes involved in virulence, envelope biogenesis, and cell stress pathways. In this study, it was observed that growth on PIAAMV attenuates P. aeruginosa in a mouse pneumonia model. Induction of alginate overproduction occurs as a stress response to protect P. aeruginosa, but it may be possible to modulate and inhibit these pathways based on the new genes identified in this study.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Alginates; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glucuronic Acid; Heat-Shock Response; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Vanadates; Virulence

We sought to characterise a refined rat model of respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa over an acute time course and test the antibiotic ciprofloxacin.. Agar beads were prepared ± SPAN(®)80. Rats were inoculated with sterile agar beads or those containing 10(5) colony forming units (cfu) P. aeruginosa via intra-tracheal dosing. Bacterial load and inflammatory parameters were measured.. Differing concentrations of SPAN(®) 80 modified median agar bead diameter and reduced particle size distribution. Beads prepared with 0.01% v/v SPAN(®)80 were evaluated in vivo. A stable lung infection up to 7 days post infection was achieved and induced BALF neutrophilia 2 and 5 days post infection. Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) significantly attenuated infection without affecting the inflammatory parameters measured.. SPAN(®) 80 can control the particle size and lung distribution of agar beads and P. aeruginosa-embedded beads prepared with 0.01%v/v SPAN(®)80 can induce infection and inflammation over 7 days.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Load; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Models, Animal; Hexoses; Leukocyte Count; Male; Microspheres; Neutrophils; Particle Size; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Tract Infections; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acetamides; Acute Disease; Adult; Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Drug Resistance; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Myeloid; Linezolid; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxazolidinones; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Vancomycin

Acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL) represent malignant clonal expansions of lymphoid hemopoietic cells arrested at different stages of B- or T-cell maturation. We studied surface marker profiles and cloning capability of bone marrow (BM) cells from 22 adult ALL-patients at diagnosis (n = 15) or relapse (n = 7) in agar cultures under different culture conditions in order to develop a screening system for the classification of ALL and the detection of residual leukemia. Immunophenotyping of those 22 BM-samples enabled a classification in B- or T-linear ALL. Colony growth of BM-cells could be obtained in four out of 20 cases of ALL at diagnosis and in one case at relapse. Different stimulating factors and their combinations (GM-CSF; IL-1; IL-2; IL-3; IL-4; IL-6; placenta conditioned media (PCM); Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 40%) and lipopolisaccaride (LPS, 1.25%)--containing conditioned media ('B-ly'); IL-1+IL-3; IL-1+IL-4; IL-1+IL-6; IL-1+B-ly) did not show an overall significant difference in stimulating ALL-clones. Immunological phenotyping of ALL-clones in these 5 cases could prove the lymphoid leukemic character of the clones obtained.. Our data show that colony growth of ALL-BM-cells is difficult. Nevertheless, in cases where colony growth could be obtained those clones showed the original surface marker profile of the leukemic cells proving the specificity of our colony assay.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Agar; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Culture Techniques; Clone Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common diseases in children, particularly in those under the age of 5 years in whom a severe picture of hydroelectrolyte imbalance may be triggered accompanied, in most cases, by leukocyte response. The aim of this study was to evaluate three new culture media for the isolation of enteropathogens in infantile diarrhea.. From April to September, 1993, 170 samples of diarrhea stools from children up to 7 years of age attending pediatric hospitals in Bogota were studied. Three new culture media were used in the isolation of the enteropathogenic bacteria: BGLN, MILA agar, Rambach agar and a conventional agar medium S.S. Biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolated bacteria.. A total of 98.5% of enteropathogenic E. coli was isolated in Rambach agar, which also presented excellent recovery rates of Salmonella sp. (100%) versus S.S> (64.3%) and BGLN (77.2%), respectively. The best selectivity for Shigella sp. was observed with BGLN with a 100% recovery rate. Out of the 170 samples 105 showed a leukocyte count of 70-75% and positive isolation for enteropathogenic bacteria. Six samples with the same leukocyte count did not present enteropathogenic bacteria, with the 59 remaining samples with a 20-25% PMN count being negative for enteropathogenic bacteria.. The results suggest that the new culture media used in this study may have better recovery rates for enteropathogenic bacteria in acute gastroenteritis. Likewise, a correlation was observed between leukocyte count and isolation enteropathogenic bacteria.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Child; Child, Preschool; Escherichia coli; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gastroenteritis; Glycerol; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Lactose; Lysine; Novobiocin; Salmonella; Shigella

It was shown by the modified method of agar cultures that in the peripheral blood of a healthy man, aged from 4 days to 40 years. The number of cell precursors of granulocytes and macrophages (CFU-C) varied from 0.05 to 6.38 in adults and from 0.2 to 2.9 in children per 105 nuclear cells. CFU-C content in the patients with infectious mononucleosis and acute leukemia was 0.5--14 and 0--0.3 per 105 nuclear cells, respectively.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Cell Division; Child; Child, Preschool; Clone Cells; Female; Gels; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged

The influence of leukaemic cells from 12 patients with acute leukaemia on normal granulopoiesis in agar culture was investigated using leukeamic cell feeder layers. Leukaemic feeder cells from 7 of the 12 patients elicited no colony growth, while cells from the remaining 5 stimulated normal colony growth. In 3 of the 7 non-stimulatory patients release of inhibitory factors from the leukaemic cells seemed responsible for the effect on normal granulopoiesis, while inappropriate colony stimulating factor (CSF) production by the feeder cells could not be ruled out in the remaining 4 patients. When the leukaemic cells were cultured with, as well as without, conditioned medium, cells from 5 of the patients formed clusters. Growth in these cultures did not correlate to the effect found in the feeder layer experiments.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Clone Cells; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Female; Granulocytes; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cytological Techniques; Diffusion; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia; Micropore Filters

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Amylases; Electrophoresis; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Parotid Gland; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Culture Media; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Agar; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hepatovirus; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Infant; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Regeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Count; Cell Division; Culture Techniques; Gels; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Hepatitis A; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Agar; Aged; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Racial Groups

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amides; Aminohydrolases; Anilides; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Hepatitis; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leucine; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Naphthalenes; Nitro Compounds; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Agar; Aged; Amides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Agar; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aprotinin; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cats; Dogs; Female; Gels; Male; Models, Biological; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Trypsinogen

Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; Bile; Calcium Chloride; Carrageenan; Chlorides; Copper; Croton Oil; Ethanol; Female; Formaldehyde; Glucose; Histamine; Indium; Lead; Manganese; Mercury; Necrosis; Papain; Phosphates; Polymyxins; Polysaccharides; Rats; Skin Diseases; Tannins; Trypsin; Zinc