aflatoxin-m1 and Neoplasms

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, concentration of AFM1 in human breast milk, and to determine the risk of cancer for infants in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health, Cochrane, and Google Scholar electronic databases. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and concentration of AFM1 in breast milk. The meta-analysis of 8 articles containing 9 studies showed the pooled prevalence of AFM1 in breast milk to be 56.18% (95% CI: 29.65-82.71) and the pooled concentration to be 31.12 ng/L (95% CI: 25.97-36.25). The cancer risk assessment indicated for both male and female 1-month infants in Sierra Leone (HI > 1) is high, and all the rest of the infants are free of risk (HI < 1). The pooled prevalence and mean concentration of AFM1 in breast milk is high. Monitoring of AFB1 concentration of commonly used foods will be of high value in reducing the burden of AFM1.

Topics: Aflatoxin M1; Africa South of the Sahara; Female; Food Contamination; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk, Human; Neoplasms; Prevalence; Risk Assessment

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites found in feeds and foods. When the ruminants eat feedstuffs containing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), this toxin is metabolized and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted in milk. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified AFB1 and AFM1 as human carcinogens belonging to Group 1 and Group 2B, respectively, with the formation of DNA adducts. In the last years, some epidemiological studies were conducted on cancer patients aimed to evaluate the effects of AFB1 and AFM1 exposure on cancer cells in order to verify the correlation between toxin exposure and cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarize the activation pathways of AFB1 and AFM1 and the data already reported in literature about their correlation with cancer development and progression. Moreover, considering that few data are still reported about what genes/proteins/miRNAs can be used as damage markers due to AFB1 and AFM1 exposure, we performed a bioinformatic analysis based on interaction network and miRNA predictions to identify a panel of genes/proteins/miRNAs that can be used as targets in further studies for evaluating the effects of the damages induced by AFB1 and AFM1 and their capacity to induce cancer initiation.

Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin M1; Animals; Gene Expression; Humans; Neoplasms; Protein Interaction Maps

The suspect milk-borne carcinogen, aflatoxin M1 (AFM), was produced and isolated from the rice culture of the fungus Aspergillus flavus NRRL3251 for confirmation and determination of the potency of its carcinogenicity in the male adult Fischer rat. The carcinogen was mixed into an agar-based, semisynthetic diet at 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 ppb (microgram/kg) and was fed to groups of animals continuously for 19-21 months. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB), of which AFM is a metabolite, at 50 ppb was used as a positive control. Hepatocarcinogenicity of AFM was detected at 50 ppb, but not at 5 or 0.5 ppb, with a potency of 2-10% that of AFB. A low incidence of intestinal adenocarcinomas was found in the AFM 50 ppb group, but not in any other groups. At 0.5 ppb, the action level enforced by the U.S.A. Food and Drug Administration, AFM induced no liver lesions in the rats but stimulated the animals' growth. On the average, the rats in the 0.5 ppb group weighed 11% (p less than 0.001) more than those in the control group. This increased growth was associated with increased feed intake. Based on the biological activity of AFM at the relevant low doses and the estimated level of human exposure to AFM through consumption of milk, the cancer risk posed by this contaminant for human adults is assessed to be very low. For infants, further studies are warranted because milk constitutes the major ingredient of the infant diet and because infant animals have been shown to be more sensitive to the carcinogenicity of AFB than adult animals.

Topics: Aflatoxin M1; Aflatoxins; Animals; Aspergillus flavus; Dairy Products; Food Contamination; Humans; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Milk; Neoplasms; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Risk

Between 82.8% and 92.5% of participants in any BMI group were responders by AS, and between 91.3% and 100% were responders by BBPS in the right colon. Efficacy was consistent across BMI groups, with no clear trends. Greater than 83% of participants in any BMI group found the preparation 'easy' or 'acceptable' to ingest, and the majority (>58%) rated SPMC oral solution as 'better' than a prior bowel preparation. In all BMI groups, safety data were similar to the overall cohort. Commonly reported, drug-related, treatment-emergent AEs were, by ascending BMI group, nausea (1.1%, 5.3%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%) and headache (1.1%, 4.1%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%).. Ready-to-drink SPMC oral solution had consistent, good quality colon cleansing, and favorable tolerability among participants of all BMI groups.. NCT03017235.. The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.. Of the 98 patients included in the study, 58 had CR (59%), 28 had PR (29%), and 12 patients had NR (12%). The percent splenic tissue embolized was significantly greater in the CR group compared to the PR group (P = 0.001). The percent volume of splenic tissue embolized was linearly correlated with the magnitude of platelet increase without a minimum threshold. At least one line of chemotherapy was successfully restarted in 97% of patients, and 41% of patients did not experience recurrence of thrombocytopenia for the duration of their survival. The major complication rate was 8%, with readmission following initial hospitalization for persistent "post-embolization syndrome" symptoms the most common.. In cancer patients with hypersplenism-related thrombocytopenia, PSAE is a safe intervention that effects a durable elevation in platelet counts across a range of malignancies and following the re-initiation of chemotherapy.. Postoperative CRP elevation was a better predictor of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer than the occurrence of intra-abdominal infectious complications.. In clinical practice, mixed-species malaria infections are often not detected by light microscopy (LM) or rapid diagnostic test, as a low number of parasites of one species may occur. Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl migrating with her family from Afghanistan with a two-species mixed infection with

Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetazolamide; Acrylates; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Afghanistan; Aflatoxin M1; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agricultural Irrigation; Air Pollutants; alpha-L-Fucosidase; Amino Acid Sequence; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Artifacts; Autophagy; B7-H1 Antigen; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Bile; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biosensing Techniques; Body Mass Index; Brain; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Bufo arenarum; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Cadmium; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Case-Control Studies; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Characiformes; Child; China; Cities; Cobalt; Colonic Neoplasms; Copper Sulfate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Cytokines; Deoxycytidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; DNA, Bacterial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Edetic Acid; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Embolization, Therapeutic; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fatty Acids; Feces; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Fresh Water; Fungicides, Industrial; Gallium Isotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Gastroplasty; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Markers; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Mitochondrial; Glioma; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Goats; Gonads; Guatemala; Halomonadaceae; HEK293 Cells; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hepacivirus; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Hypersplenism; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunohistochemistry; Iran; Japan; Lactuca; Laparoscopy; Larva; Ligands; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Malaria; Male; Mercury; Metabolic Syndrome; Metals, Heavy; Mice; Middle Aged; Milk, Human; Mitochondria; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Muscles; Mutation; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neuroimaging; Nitriles; Nitrogen Isotopes; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Oligopeptides; Oxidation-Reduction; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Pepsinogen A; Pesticides; Pharmacogenetics; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; Platelet Count; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Domains; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pseudogenes; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Notch3; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Salvage Therapy; Seasons; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Signal Transduction; Skin; Snails; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; Solutions; Spain; Species Specificity; Spheroids, Cellular; Splenic Artery; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Sunlight; Surface Properties; Surgical Instruments; Surgical Wound Infection; Survival Rate; Tetrahydrouridine; Thinness; Thrombocytopenia; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Turkey; Ubiquinone; Urologic Neoplasms; Viral Envelope Proteins; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Weather; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult

In this survey aflatoxin, M

Topics: Adolescent; Aflatoxin M1; Age Factors; Animals; Carcinogens; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Humans; Infant; Male; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Milk; Neoplasms; Pakistan; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Young Adult