adrenomedullin and Abortion--Spontaneous

The salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a redundant 'magic potion' that counteracts their vertebrate host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. We here describe the salivary transcriptome and proteomics (sialome) of the soft tick Ornithodoros coriaceus. The resulting analysis helps to consolidate the classification of common proteins found in both soft and hard ticks, such as the lipocalins, Kunitz, cystatin, basic tail, hebraein, defensin, TIL domain, metalloprotease, 5'-nucleotidase/apyrase, and phospholipase families, and also to identify protein families uniquely found in the Argasidae, such as the adrenomedullin/CGRP peptides, 7DB, 7 kDa, and the RGD-containing single-Kunitz proteins. Additionally, we found a protein belonging to the cytotoxin protein family that has so far only been identified in hard ticks. Three other unique families common only to the Ornithodoros genus were discovered. Edman degradation, 2D and 1D-PAGE of salivary gland homogenates followed by tryptic digestion and HPLC MS/MS of results confirms the presence of several proteins. These results indicate that each genus of hematophagous arthropods studied to date evolved unique protein families that assist blood feeding, thus characterizing potentially new pharmacologically active components or antimicrobial agents.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenomedullin; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calcitonin; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Conserved Sequence; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Molecular Sequence Data; Proteome; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sequence Alignment; Tick Infestations; Ticks; Trypsin

To investigate local and systemic nitric oxide (NO) and adrenomedullin (AM) production in spontaneous abortion.. Plasma samples and placental specimens were collected from 25 women with spontaneous abortion (6-12 weeks of gestation) and 25 women who underwent voluntary pregnancy termination. NO and AM levels were assayed in plasma; placental NO isoenzymes (inducible NOS and endothelial NOS) and AM distribution and localization were determined by immunohistochemistry.. Plasma NO and AM concentrations were similar in spontaneous abortion and controls. In the placenta both iNOS and AM were localized at the fetomaternal interface, and the prevalence of positive cells, particularly of trophoblast cells, stained for iNOS and AM was significantly lower in spontaneous abortions than in controls.. The presence of iNOS and AM at the maternal-placental interface in early pregnancy suggests a potential role of NO and AM in implantation and early gestational development. Differences in immunostaining intensity and prevalence for both iNOS and AM in spontaneous abortion may reflect functional modifications of placental bed tissue.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenomedullin; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Decidua; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Peptides; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First

The trophoblast invasion is a dynamic changes in cell-cell and cell matrix interaction and it create in the endometrio a reaction similar to the inflammatory reaction. In the recent past most of the investigator in this field had focus on the mediator of this process especially on cytokine and on vasoactive agent. We have studied the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), adrenomedullin (AM), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and S-100 protein. Several evidences had lead our choice: the two first factors are essentially local mediator of vasospasm which works in synergy during the inflammatory reaction, but the AM I addition stimulates the DNA synthesis and cell proliferation of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, induces the cell cycle progression from G0 to G1 phase and the malignant cell lines express AM mRNA and mRNA for its receptor and the pattern of distribution of ir-AM and its mRNA during murine development is similar to that of other growth factors (TGFb isoforms, PDGF, FGF, IGF 1 and 2); Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a major biosynthetic enzyme of intracellular fatty acid synthesis, its expression and activity is enhanced in proliferative tissues, such as malignant cells; S-100 is an acid calcium binding protein present in central nervous system where it is in mainly concentrated in the glial cells, astrocytes, Schwann cells, and neurons. It regulates several functions such as cell-cell communication, cell growth, cell structure, energy metabolism, contraction, and intracellular signal transduction. Recently the appearance in blood of S100 in preterm infants has been used as a marker of brain damage in perinatal period. The iNOS, AM, S100 and FAS are localized in both decidual and trophoblastic cells in early pregnancy, but we found that changes in iNOS, S100, AM, and FAS are different in spontaneous abortion (SA) versus voluntary pregnancy termination (VPT). Considering the VPT as non pathologic pregnancy, this difference may reflect functional modifications of placental tissues. Our result shown that AM and NO are increased in VPT vs SA showing that when the process of implantation is on course we found an higher expression that we have during the inflammatory reaction. [Table: see text]

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenomedullin; Animals; Cell Communication; Cell Cycle; Decidua; Embryo Implantation; Endometrium; Fatty Acid Synthases; Female; Growth Substances; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Peptides; Placenta; Pregnancy; RNA, Messenger; S100 Proteins; Trophoblasts; Tumor Cells, Cultured