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adrenochrome and Schizophrenia

adrenochrome has been researched along with Schizophrenia in 33 studies

Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.

Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Osmond enunciated the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia in 1952, slightly later proposing and, apparently, demonstrating, in a double-blind study, that the symptoms of the illness could be reversed by administering large doses of niacin."7.76Hallucinogens as hard science: the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia. ( Mills, JA, 2010)
"The available literature on the cancer-schizoprenia relationship in patients from England, Wales, Ireland, Denmark, USA and Japan, however, strongly suggests that the reverse is true."5.32Schizophrenia and cancer: the adrenochrome balanced morphism. ( Foster, HD; Hoffer, A, 2004)
"After reviewing the literature on nicotinic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia, the authors present the results of the Canadian collaborative study."5.04Nicotinic acid in the treatment of schizophrenias. Practical and theoretical considerations. ( Ban, TA, 1975)
" Osmond enunciated the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia in 1952, slightly later proposing and, apparently, demonstrating, in a double-blind study, that the symptoms of the illness could be reversed by administering large doses of niacin."3.76Hallucinogens as hard science: the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia. ( Mills, JA, 2010)
"The available literature on the cancer-schizoprenia relationship in patients from England, Wales, Ireland, Denmark, USA and Japan, however, strongly suggests that the reverse is true."1.32Schizophrenia and cancer: the adrenochrome balanced morphism. ( Foster, HD; Hoffer, A, 2004)

Research

Studies (33)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199029 (87.88)18.7374
1990's1 (3.03)18.2507
2000's2 (6.06)29.6817
2010's1 (3.03)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hoffer, A8
Prousky, J1
Mills, JA1
OSMOND, H5
SMYTHIES, J2
LEA, AJ1
SZARA, S1
AXELROD, J1
PERLIN, S1
VEECH, RL1
BIGELOW, LB1
DENCKLA, WD1
ALTSCHULE, MD5
FELDSTEIN, A1
YUWILER, A1
HOLLISTER, LE1
Foster, HD1
Ban, TA3
Fleissner, A1
Bremkamp, H1
Seifert, R1
Hegedus, ZL4
Galzigna, L2
Rizzoli, AA1
Kolpakov, VG1
Faurbye, A1
Sugerman, AA1
Hyams, L1
VanderWende, C1
Johnson, JC1
Nayak, U1
Throme, ML1
Gowdey, CW1
Huxley, J1
Mayr, E1

Reviews

7 reviews available for adrenochrome and Schizophrenia

ArticleYear
THE ADRENOCHROME THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A REVIEW.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1964, Volume: 25

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Indoles; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Schizophrenia; Serotonin

1964
CHEMICAL PSYCHOSES.
    Annual review of medicine, 1964, Volume: 15

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Cannabis; Hallucinogens; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mescaline; Metabolism; Ps

1964
Endogenous neurotoxins relevant to schizophrenia.
    Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1996, Volume: 89, Issue:12

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Brain; Humans; Indoles; Neurotoxins; Schizophrenia

1996
[Inadequacy of the monoamine oxidase system--the probable pathogenetic factor in schizophrenia (review)].
    Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1974, Volume: 74, Issue:8

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenochrome; Amines; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Dimethoxyphenylethylamine

1974
The role of amines in the etiology of schizophrenia.
    Comprehensive psychiatry, 1968, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Amines; Amphetamine; Brain Chemistry; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Humans; Indoles; Kynureni

1968
On-going national collaborative studies in Canada: niacin in the treatment of schizophrenias.
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1969, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenochrome; Animals; Canada; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dopamine; Humans;

1969
A critical review of endogenous psychotoxins as a cause of schizophrenia.
    Canadian Psychiatric Association journal, 1967, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenochrome; Animals; Catecholamines; Ceruloplasmin; Histamine; Humans; Im

1967

Trials

4 trials available for adrenochrome and Schizophrenia

ArticleYear
Nicotinic acid in the treatment of schizophrenias. Practical and theoretical considerations.
    Neuropsychobiology, 1975, Volume: 1, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Antipsychotic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug T

1975
Negative findings with nicotinic acid in the treatment of schizophrenias.
    International pharmacopsychiatry, 1974, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Bufotenin; Dimethoxyphenylethylamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male;

1974
On-going national collaborative studies in Canada: niacin in the treatment of schizophrenias.
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1969, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenochrome; Animals; Canada; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dopamine; Humans;

1969
Electroencephalographic effects of adrenochrome semicarbazone in schizophrenia: quantitative amplitude analysis.
    Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1970, Volume: 1, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topi

1970

Other Studies

23 other studies available for adrenochrome and Schizophrenia

ArticleYear
Successful treatment of schizophrenia requires optimal daily doses of vitamin B3.
    Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 2008, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Niacinamide; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Vitamin B Complex

2008
Hallucinogens as hard science: the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia.
    History of psychology, 2010, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Hallucinogens; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Models, Psyc

2010
Schizophrenia; a new approach. II. Result of a year's research.
    The Journal of mental science, 1954, Volume: 100, Issue:418

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Research; Schizophrenia

1954
Adrenochrome as the cause of schizophrenia: investigation of some deductions from this hypothesis.
    The Journal of mental science, 1955, Volume: 101, Issue:424

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Eye; Hair; Humans; Hypersensitivity;

1955
Is adrenochrome present in the blood.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1958, Volume: 115, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Schizophrenia

1958
A small research in schizophrenia.
    Canadian Medical Association journal, 1959, Jan-15, Volume: 80, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Epinephrine; Humans; Mescaline; Research; Schizophrenia; Thinking

1959
The adrenochrome model and schizophrenia.
    The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1959, Volume: 128, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophr

1959
Urinary aminochromes in schizophrenia. Chromatography of lead-acetate-extractable Chromatography of lead-acetate-extractable chromogens.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1961, Volume: 5

    Topics: Acetates; Adrenochrome; Chromatography; Humans; Indolequinones; Naphthalenesulfonates; Organometalli

1961
On the relationship of adrenaline and its oxidation products to schizophrenia.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1959, Volume: 116

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Epinephrine; Humans; Schizophrenia

1959
Urinary aminochromes and mental illness.
    The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1962, Volume: 135

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Indolequinones; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia

1962
CERULOPLASMIN ADRENALINE OXIDASE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1965, Volume: 26

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Blood; Ceruloplasmin; Colorimetry; Epinephrine; Humans; Monoamine Oxidase; Oxidation-R

1965
Inspiration and method in schizophrenia research.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1955, Volume: 16, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Humans; Research; Schizophrenia

1955
Schizophrenia and cancer: the adrenochrome balanced morphism.
    Medical hypotheses, 2004, Volume: 62, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Catecholamines; Humans; Neoplasms; Schizophrenia

2004
In vitro haemolysis from adrenochrome in the blood of schizophrenic patients, revised.
    Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 1979, Apr-12, Volume: 226, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenochrome; Adult; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizop

1979
Studies on aminochromes. I. Behavior of adrenochrome added to human plasma.
    Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie, 1967, Volume: 75, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Blood Preservation; Freezing; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Plasma; Schizophreni

1967
Molecular interactions in the phenomenology of the onset of mental illness.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 1973, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Adjustment Disorders; Adrenochrome; Brain; Catalase; Catechol O

1973
[Enzymologic and chemico-clinical findings in schizophrenic syndromes].
    Quaderni Sclavo di diagnostica clinica e di laboratorio, 1972, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenochrome; Brain; Dopamine; Epine

1972
Interaction of serotonin with the catecholamines. II. Activation and inhibition of adrenochrome formation.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1970, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Animals; Brain; Catechol Oxidase; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Copper; Depression, C

1970
A clinical method for testing abnormal in vitro haemolysis from catecholamine metabolites in schizophrenia.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1972, Volume: 121, Issue:562

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Chronic Disease; Dopamine; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Indoles; Male; Schizophrenia; Se

1972
Studies on aminochromes. V. Excessive hemolysis associated with the formation of rheomelanins during incubation of adrenochrome and adrenolutin in the bloods of chronic schizophrenic patients.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1970, Volume: 186, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Adult; Chromatography, Paper; Chronic Disease; Epinephrine; Erythrocytes; Fluorescence

1970
Studies on aminochromes. 3. Transformation of epinephrine, adrenochrome and adrenolutin into plasma-soluble melanins during incubation in human blood plasma.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1968, Volume: 126, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Chromatography, Paper; Epinephrine; Fluorometry; Humans; Indoles; Melanins; Plasma; Sc

1968
Schizophrenia.
    Nature, 1965, Jun-12, Volume: 206, Issue:989

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Blood; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Schizophrenia; Urine

1965
Schizophrenia as a genetic morphism.
    Nature, 1965, Oct-16, Volume: 208, Issue:5007

    Topics: Adrenochrome; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Schizophrenia

1965