Page last updated: 2024-08-24

adenosine and Schizophrenia

adenosine has been researched along with Schizophrenia in 42 studies

Research

Studies (42)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	4 (9.52)	18.7374
1990's	4 (9.52)	18.2507
2000's	11 (26.19)	29.6817
2010's	14 (33.33)	24.3611
2020's	9 (21.43)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Baranyi, M; Bitter, I; Demeter, K; Kristóf, Z; Mut-Arbona, P; Sperlágh, B; Tod, P	1
Bach, K; Hamoud, AR; Henkel, N; Kakrecha, O; McCullumsmith, RE; O'Donovan, SM; Wu, X	1
Agnati, LF; Guidolin, D; Marcoli, M; Maura, G; Tortorella, C	1
Boison, D; Devine, E; Devore Homan, RC; Funk, AJ; McCullumsmith, RE; Moody, CL; O'Donovan, SM	1
Calzavara, MB; Camerini, BA; de Mattos Hungria, F; Ramos, AC; Suiama, MA	1
Bhide, PG; Brown, RW; Gill, WD; Peeters, LD	1
Altafaj, X; Aso, E; Cajiao-Manrique, MM; Callado, LF; Ciruela, F; Fernández-Dueñas, V; Ferré, S; López-Cano, M; Menchón, JM; Sahlholm, K; Soler, C; Valle-León, M; Watanabe, M	1
Okada, S; Sakurai, M; Yang, Y	1
Gunn, R; Howes, OD; Kapur, S; Marques, TR; Natesan, S; Rabiner, EA; Searle, GE	1
Bressan, RA; Calzavara, MB; de Mendonça Furtado, RH; Gadelha, A; Scorza, FA; Zugman, A	1
Devine, E; Hasselfeld, K; Koene, R; McCullumsmith, RE; Moody, CL; O'Donovan, SM; Sullivan, C	1
Fang, Z; Huang, Q; Kong, J; Xu, H; Yang, L; Zhang, J	1
Aliagas, E; Barrachina, M; Ferrer, I; Martín-Satué, M; Roca, M; Romeu, M; Sévigny, J; Villar-Menéndez, I	1
Hirota, T; Kishi, T	1
Cunha, RA; Lara, DR; Rial, D	1
Krügel, U	1
Wardas, J	1
Boison, D; Feldon, J; Shen, HY; Singer, P; Yee, BK	1
Lopes, LV; Ribeiro, JA; Sebastião, AM	1
Boison, D	2
Akhondzadeh, S; Boroumand, MA; Ghaleiha, A; Honarbakhsh, N; Jafarinia, M; Raznahan, M; Rezaei, F; Tabrizi, M	1
Fan, H; Kosten, TR; Liu, H; Lu, L; Luo, Y; Sun, H; Wang, F; Yang, F; Zhang, XY	1
Davis, JM; Gershon, AA; Keefe, RS; Ladea, M; Petcu, C; Podea, D; Rubinstein, K; Sima, D; Weiser, M	1
Boison, D; Chen, JF; Lan, JQ; Lytle, N; Shen, HY; Singer, P; Wei, CJ; Williams-Karnesky, RL; Yee, BK	1
Becker, J; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P; Ehlers, JA; Ghisolfi, ES; Lara, DR; Prokopiuk, AS; Souza, DO	1
Lara, DR	1
Brenner, M; Danielczyk, W; Deckert, J; Durany, N; Jellinger, K; Paulus, W; Ransmayr, G; Riederer, P; Tatschner, T; Zöchling, R	1
BOSZORMENYI-NAGY, I; GERTY, FJ; KUEBER, J	1
BONILLA BELLOTA, AA	1
Dracheva, S; Elhakem, SL; Haroutunian, V; Marcus, SM; McGurk, SR; Siever, LJ	1
Dall'Igna, OP; de Oliveira, RV; Lara, DR; Neto, PF; Santos Gomes, MW; Schuh, JF; Souza, DO; Tort, AB	1
Brunstein, MG; Dall'Igna, OP; Ghisolfi, ES; Lara, DR	1
Cassone, JJ; De Lorenzo, S; Losavio, AS; Muchnik, S; Veggetti, MI	1
Belmonte-de-Abreu, P; Brunstein, MG; Chaves, LS; Lara, DR; Machado, H; Schenkel, O; Silveira, EM; Souza, DO	1
Ferré, S; Fuxe, K; O'Connor, WT; Snaprud, P; Ungerstedt, U	1
Ferré, S	1
Kurumaji, A; Toru, M	1
Dixon, DA; Fenix, LA; Kim, DM; Raffa, RB	1
Belmonte-de-Abreu, P; Brunstein, MG; Lara, DR; Souza, DO	1
Hansen, O	1
Baldessarini, RJ; Matthysse, S	1

Reviews

16 review(s) available for adenosine and Schizophrenia

Article	Year
Adenosine, Schizophrenia and Cancer: Does the Purinergic System Offer a Pathway to Treatment? International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Oct-05, Volume: 23, Issue:19 Topics: Adenosine; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Schizophrenia; Tumor Microenvironment	2022
Adenosine A Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2020, Volume: 169 Topics: Adenosine; Allosteric Site; Animals; Astrocytes; Central Nervous System; Computational Biology; Dopamine; Humans; Mice; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction	2020
Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in neurological development and disease. RNA biology, 2021, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Astrocytoma; Bipolar Disorder; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Epilepsy; Humans; Inosine; Kv1.1 Potassium Channel; MicroRNAs; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; Receptors, AMPA; RNA Editing; Schizophrenia; Spasms, Infantile	2021
Is adenosine associated with sudden death in schizophrenia? A new framework linking the adenosine pathway to risk of sudden death. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2018, Volume: 84 Topics: Adenosine; Comorbidity; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Humans; Schizophrenia	2018
Adenosine hypothesis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial of adjuvant purinergic modulators. Schizophrenia research, 2013, Volume: 149, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adenosine; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Databases, Factual; Humans; Purinergic Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia	2013
The adenosine neuromodulation system in schizophrenia. International review of neurobiology, 2014, Volume: 119 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Purinergic Agents; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia	2014
Purinergic receptors in psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology, 2016, Volume: 104 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mental Disorders; Receptors, Purinergic; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction	2016
Potential role of adenosine A2A receptors in the treatment of schizophrenia. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library, 2008, May-01, Volume: 13 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Humans; Receptor Cross-Talk; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Glutamate; Schizophrenia	2008
Adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia--opportunities for pharmacotherapy. Neuropharmacology, 2012, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia	2012
Adenosine and related drugs in brain diseases: present and future in clinical trials. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2011, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Forecasting; Humans; Memory; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Schizophrenia; Substance-Related Disorders	2011
Modulators of nucleoside metabolism in the therapy of brain diseases. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2011, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Analgesics; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Diseases; Epilepsy; Gene Expression; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neuroprotective Agents; Pain; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Sleep Wake Disorders	2011
Inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia is not necessarily a GABAergic deficit. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Brain; Dopamine; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia	2002
Involvement of adenosine in the neurobiology of schizophrenia and its therapeutic implications. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Dopamine; Humans; Models, Biological; Neurobiology; Purines; Schizophrenia	2006
Adenosine as a neuromodulator in neurological diseases. Current opinion in pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Epilepsy; Humans; Huntington Disease; Pain; Parkinson Disease; Schizophrenia; Synaptic Transmission	2008
Adenosine-dopamine interactions in the ventral striatum. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 133, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Humans; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia	1997
Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia: I. Adenosine agonists. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1999, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Caffeine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Humans; Mutation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia	1999

Trials

2 trial(s) available for adenosine and Schizophrenia

Article	Year
Correlation of adenosinergic activity with superior efficacy of clozapine for treatment of chronic schizophrenia: a double blind randomised trial. Human psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Clozapine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2011
A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol vs. placebo added on to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia research, 2012, Volume: 138, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Allopurinol; Antipsychotic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome; Xanthine Oxidase	2012

Article

Year

Correlation of adenosinergic activity with superior efficacy of clozapine for treatment of chronic schizophrenia: a double blind randomised trial.

Human psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:2

Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Clozapine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

2011

A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol vs. placebo added on to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Schizophrenia research, 2012, Volume: 138, Issue:1

Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Allopurinol; Antipsychotic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome; Xanthine Oxidase

2012

Other Studies

24 other study(ies) available for adenosine and Schizophrenia

Article	Year
Elevated Serum Purine Levels in Schizophrenia: A Reverse Translational Study to Identify Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2022, 08-16, Volume: 25, Issue:8 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Biomarkers; Humans; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Purines; Schizophrenia	2022
Adenosine Kinase Expression in the Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020, 04-10, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Female; Gene Expression; Gyrus Cinguli; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schizophrenia; Tissue Banks	2020
Potential beneficial effects of caffeine administration in the neonatal period of an animal model of schizophrenia. Behavioural brain research, 2020, 08-05, Volume: 391 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Caffeine; Disease Models, Animal; Locomotion; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Wistar; Schizophrenia	2020
The adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist CGS 21680 alleviates auditory sensorimotor gating deficits and increases in accumbal CREB in rats neonatally treated with quinpirole. Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:12 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Agonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Motor Activity; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenethylamines; Prepulse Inhibition; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Schizophrenia; Sensory Gating	2020
Decreased striatal adenosine A Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Mice; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Schizophrenia	2021
Adenosine A Psychopharmacology, 2022, Volume: 239, Issue:11 Topics: Adenosine; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Dopamine; Humans; Male; Positron-Emission Tomography; Putamen; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Schizophrenia	2022
Cell-subtype-specific changes in adenosine pathways in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:8 Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Astrocytes; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; GPI-Linked Proteins; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyramidal Cells; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P1; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia; Young Adult	2018
Adenosine Promotes the Recovery of Mice from the Cuprizone-Induced Behavioral and Morphological Changes while Effecting on Microglia and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Brain. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Chelating Agents; Cuprizone; Cytokines; Demyelinating Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gliosis; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Multiple Sclerosis; Oligodendroglia; Psychomotor Performance; Schizophrenia	2018
Reduced striatal ecto-nucleotidase activity in schizophrenia patients supports the "adenosine hypothesis". Purinergic signalling, 2013, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Corpus Striatum; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Putamen; Schizophrenia; Tissue Distribution	2013
Association between TNF-α promoter -308A/G polymorphism and tardive dyskinesian Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2012, Apr-27, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Guanine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Schizophrenia; Single-Blind Method; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2012
Adenosine augmentation ameliorates psychotic and cognitive endophenotypes of schizophrenia. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2012, Volume: 122, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Amphetamines; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia; Cell Transplantation; Cells, Cultured; Cognition Disorders; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Endophenotypes; Hippocampus; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Morpholines; Psychotic Disorders; Pyrimidines; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology	2012
The adenosine antagonist theophylline impairs p50 auditory sensory gating in normal subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2002, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adenosine; Adult; Auditory Pathways; Auditory Perception; Brain; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Reaction Time; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Theophylline	2002
Up-regulation of striatal adenosine A(2A) receptors in schizophrenia. Neuroreport, 2003, Mar-03, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Cadaver; Caffeine; Control Groups; Corpus Striatum; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenethylamines; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Schizophrenia; Up-Regulation	2003
Correlation between an anomaly of the intracellular metabolism of adenosine nucleotides and schizophrenia. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1956, Volume: 124, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Humans; Nucleotides; Schizophrenia	1956
[Variations of blood adenosine-5-triphosphate in schizophrenics treated with insulin shock]. La Semana medica, 1962, Jan-11, Volume: 120 Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Convulsive Therapy; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Coma; Polyphosphates; Schizophrenia; Shock	1962
RNA editing and alternative splicing of human serotonin 2C receptor in schizophrenia. Journal of neurochemistry, 2003, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Alternative Splicing; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Inosine; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Protein Isoforms; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA Editing; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia	2003
Effect of subchronic caffeine treatment on MK-801-induced changes in locomotion, cognition and ataxia in mice. Behavioural pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Amphetamine; Animals; Ataxia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Humans; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia	2005
Differential effect of serum from bipolar versus schizophrenic patients on spontaneous acetylcholine release at mammalian neuromuscular junction. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2006, Volume: 117, Issue:12 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bipolar Disorder; Diaphragm; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Junction; Schizophrenia	2006
Increased serum adenosine deaminase activity in schizophrenic receiving antipsychotic treatment. Neuroscience letters, 2007, Feb-27, Volume: 414, Issue:1 Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine; Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Biomarkers; Brain; Clozapine; Drug Resistance; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Up-Regulation	2007
Antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors in the ventral striopallidal system. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroscience, 1994, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus; Microdialysis; Neostriatum; Nucleus Accumbens; Phenethylamines; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Raclopride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salicylamides; Schizophrenia; Sulpiride	1994
An increase in [3H] CGS21680 binding in the striatum of postmortem brains of chronic schizophrenics. Brain research, 1998, Oct-19, Volume: 808, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Corpus Striatum; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenethylamines; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Schizophrenia; Tritium	1998
Therapeutic benefit of adjunctive dipyridamole in schizophrenia is probably due to adenosine-glutamate interactions. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2001, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Dipyridamole; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Schizophrenia	2001
Blood nucleoside and nucleotide studies in mental disease. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1972, Volume: 121, Issue:563 Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adjustment Disorders; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cyclic AMP; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; NAD; Neurotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Uridine Diphosphate Sugars	1972
S-adenosylmethionine and catechol-O-methyl-transferase in schizophrenia. The American journal of psychiatry, 1972, Volume: 128, Issue:10 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Female; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; S-Adenosylmethionine; Schizophrenia	1972