adenine has been researched along with HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome in 21 studies
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome: Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 14 (66.67) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (33.33) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Domingo, P | 1 |
| Gutierrez, Mdel M | 1 |
| Gallego-Escuredo, JM | 1 |
| Torres, F | 1 |
| Mateo, MG | 1 |
| Villarroya, J | 1 |
| Lamarca, K | 1 |
| Domingo, JC | 1 |
| Vidal, F | 1 |
| Villarroya, F | 1 |
| Giralt, M | 1 |
| Zhou, X | 1 |
| Yu, W | 1 |
| Li, T | 1 |
| Guo, F | 1 |
| Lin, Q | 1 |
| Shao, H | 1 |
| Tian, J | 1 |
| Xu, Y | 1 |
| Sun, P | 1 |
| van Griensven, J | 1 |
| Zachariah, R | 1 |
| Rasschaert, F | 1 |
| Atté, EF | 1 |
| Reid, T | 1 |
| Portilla, J | 1 |
| Miralles Alvarez, C | 1 |
| Gerschenson, M | 3 |
| Kim, C | 1 |
| Berzins, B | 1 |
| Taiwo, B | 1 |
| Libutti, DE | 2 |
| Choi, J | 2 |
| Chen, D | 1 |
| Weinstein, J | 1 |
| Shore, J | 1 |
| da Silva, B | 1 |
| Belsey, E | 1 |
| McComsey, GA | 3 |
| Murphy, RL | 1 |
| Ribera Pascuet, E | 1 |
| Curran, A | 2 |
| Benn, P | 1 |
| Sauret-Jackson, V | 1 |
| Cartledge, J | 2 |
| Ruff, C | 1 |
| Sabin, CA | 2 |
| Moyle, G | 1 |
| Linney, A | 1 |
| Reilly, G | 3 |
| Edwards, SG | 1 |
| Fisher, M | 1 |
| Moyle, GJ | 2 |
| Shahmanesh, M | 2 |
| Orkin, C | 1 |
| Kingston, M | 1 |
| Wilkins, E | 2 |
| Ewan, J | 1 |
| Liu, H | 1 |
| Ebrahimi, R | 1 |
| Mugyenyi, P | 3 |
| Walker, AS | 2 |
| Hakim, J | 3 |
| Munderi, P | 2 |
| Gibb, DM | 2 |
| Kityo, C | 2 |
| Reid, A | 2 |
| Grosskurth, H | 3 |
| Darbyshire, JH | 3 |
| Ssali, F | 2 |
| Bray, D | 2 |
| Katabira, E | 3 |
| Babiker, AG | 1 |
| Gilks, CF | 1 |
| Kabuye, G | 1 |
| Nsibambi, D | 2 |
| Kasirye, R | 1 |
| Zalwango, E | 1 |
| Nakazibwe, M | 1 |
| Kikaire, B | 1 |
| Nassuna, G | 1 |
| Massa, R | 1 |
| Fadhiru, K | 2 |
| Namyalo, M | 1 |
| Zalwango, A | 1 |
| Generous, L | 1 |
| Khauka, P | 2 |
| Rutikarayo, N | 1 |
| Nakahima, W | 1 |
| Mugisha, A | 1 |
| Todd, J | 1 |
| Levin, J | 1 |
| Muyingo, S | 1 |
| Ruberantwari, A | 1 |
| Kaleebu, P | 2 |
| Yirrell, D | 2 |
| Ndembi, N | 2 |
| Lyagoba, F | 2 |
| Hughes, P | 1 |
| Aber, M | 1 |
| Lara, AM | 2 |
| Foster, S | 2 |
| Amurwon, J | 2 |
| Wakholi, BN | 2 |
| Whitworth, J | 1 |
| Wangati, K | 1 |
| Amuron, B | 1 |
| Kajungu, D | 1 |
| Nakiyingi, J | 1 |
| Omony, W | 1 |
| Tumukunde, D | 1 |
| Otim, T | 1 |
| Kabanda, J | 1 |
| Musana, H | 1 |
| Akao, J | 1 |
| Kyomugisha, H | 1 |
| Byamukama, A | 1 |
| Sabiiti, J | 1 |
| Komugyena, J | 1 |
| Wavamunno, P | 1 |
| Mukiibi, S | 1 |
| Drasiku, A | 1 |
| Byaruhanga, R | 1 |
| Labeja, O | 1 |
| Katundu, P | 2 |
| Tugume, S | 2 |
| Awio, P | 1 |
| Namazzi, A | 1 |
| Bakeinyaga, GT | 1 |
| Katabira, H | 1 |
| Abaine, D | 1 |
| Tukamushaba, J | 1 |
| Anywar, W | 1 |
| Ojiambo, W | 1 |
| Angweng, E | 1 |
| Murungi, S | 2 |
| Haguma, W | 1 |
| Atwiine, S | 1 |
| Kigozi, J | 3 |
| Namale, L | 1 |
| Mukose, A | 1 |
| Mulindwa, G | 1 |
| Atwiine, D | 1 |
| Muhwezi, A | 1 |
| Nimwesiga, E | 1 |
| Barungi, G | 1 |
| Takubwa, J | 1 |
| Mwebesa, D | 1 |
| Kagina, G | 1 |
| Mulindwa, M | 1 |
| Ahimbisibwe, F | 1 |
| Mwesigwa, P | 1 |
| Akuma, S | 1 |
| Zawedde, C | 1 |
| Nyiraguhirwa, D | 1 |
| Tumusiime, C | 1 |
| Bagaya, L | 1 |
| Namara, W | 1 |
| Karungi, J | 1 |
| Kankunda, R | 1 |
| Enzama, R | 1 |
| Latif, A | 2 |
| Robertson, V | 2 |
| Chidziva, E | 1 |
| Bulaya-Tembo, R | 1 |
| Musoro, G | 1 |
| Taziwa, F | 1 |
| Chimbetete, C | 1 |
| Chakonza, L | 1 |
| Mawora, A | 1 |
| Muvirimi, C | 1 |
| Tinago, G | 1 |
| Svovanapasis, P | 1 |
| Simango, M | 1 |
| Chirema, O | 1 |
| Machingura, J | 1 |
| Mutsai, S | 1 |
| Phiri, M | 1 |
| Bafana, T | 1 |
| Chirara, M | 2 |
| Muchabaiwa, L | 2 |
| Muzambi, M | 2 |
| Mutowo, J | 1 |
| Chivhunga, T | 1 |
| Chigwedere, E | 1 |
| Pascoe, M | 1 |
| Warambwa, C | 1 |
| Zengeza, E | 1 |
| Mapinge, F | 1 |
| Makota, S | 1 |
| Jamu, A | 1 |
| Ngorima, N | 1 |
| Chirairo, H | 1 |
| Chitsungo, S | 1 |
| Chimanzi, J | 1 |
| Maweni, C | 1 |
| Warara, R | 1 |
| Matongo, M | 1 |
| Mudzingwa, S | 1 |
| Jangano, M | 1 |
| Moyo, K | 1 |
| Vere, L | 1 |
| Mdege, N | 1 |
| Machingura, I | 1 |
| Ronald, A | 1 |
| Kambungu, A | 1 |
| Lutwama, F | 1 |
| Mambule, I | 1 |
| Nanfuka, A | 1 |
| Walusimbi, J | 1 |
| Nabankema, E | 1 |
| Nalumenya, R | 1 |
| Namuli, T | 1 |
| Kulume, R | 1 |
| Namata, I | 1 |
| Nyachwo, L | 1 |
| Florence, A | 1 |
| Kusiima, A | 1 |
| Lubwama, E | 1 |
| Nairuba, R | 1 |
| Oketta, F | 1 |
| Buluma, E | 1 |
| Waita, R | 1 |
| Ojiambo, H | 1 |
| Sadik, F | 1 |
| Wanyama, J | 1 |
| Nabongo, P | 1 |
| Oyugi, J | 1 |
| Sematala, F | 1 |
| Muganzi, A | 1 |
| Twijukye, C | 1 |
| Byakwaga, H | 1 |
| Ochai, R | 1 |
| Muhweezi, D | 1 |
| Coutinho, A | 1 |
| Etukoit, B | 1 |
| Gilks, C | 2 |
| Boocock, K | 1 |
| Puddephatt, C | 1 |
| Grundy, C | 1 |
| Bohannon, J | 1 |
| Winogron, D | 1 |
| Burke, A | 1 |
| Babiker, A | 2 |
| Wilkes, H | 1 |
| Rauchenberger, M | 1 |
| Sheehan, S | 1 |
| Spencer-Drake, C | 1 |
| Taylor, K | 1 |
| Spyer, M | 1 |
| Ferrier, A | 1 |
| Naidoo, B | 1 |
| Dunn, D | 2 |
| Goodall, R | 2 |
| Peto, L | 1 |
| Nanfuka, R | 1 |
| Mufuka-Kapuya, C | 1 |
| Pillay, D | 1 |
| McCormick, A | 1 |
| Weller, I | 1 |
| Bahendeka, S | 1 |
| Bassett, M | 1 |
| Wapakhabulo, AC | 1 |
| Gazzard, B | 1 |
| Mapuchere, C | 1 |
| Mugurungi, O | 1 |
| Burke, C | 1 |
| Jones, S | 1 |
| Newland, C | 1 |
| Pearce, G | 1 |
| Rahim, S | 1 |
| Rooney, J | 1 |
| Smith, M | 1 |
| Snowden, W | 1 |
| Steens, JM | 1 |
| Breckenridge, A | 1 |
| McLaren, A | 1 |
| Hill, C | 1 |
| Matenga, J | 1 |
| Pozniak, A | 1 |
| Serwadda, D | 1 |
| Peto, T | 1 |
| Palfreeman, A | 1 |
| Borok, M | 1 |
| Boothby, M | 1 |
| McGee, KC | 1 |
| Tomlinson, JW | 1 |
| Gathercole, LL | 1 |
| McTernan, PG | 1 |
| Shojaee-Moradie, F | 1 |
| Umpleby, AM | 1 |
| Nightingale, P | 1 |
| O'Riordan, M | 2 |
| Libutti, D | 1 |
| Rowe, D | 1 |
| Storer, N | 1 |
| Harrill, D | 1 |
| Cordery, DV | 1 |
| Martin, A | 1 |
| Amin, J | 1 |
| Kelleher, AD | 1 |
| Emery, S | 1 |
| Cooper, DA | 1 |
| Daar, ES | 1 |
| Collier, AC | 1 |
| Kosmiski, L | 1 |
| Santana, JL | 1 |
| Fichtenbaum, CJ | 1 |
| Fink, H | 1 |
| Sax, PE | 1 |
| Ribera, E | 1 |
| Larrousse, M | 1 |
| Negredo, E | 1 |
| Clotet, B | 1 |
| Estrada, V | 1 |
| Sanz, J | 1 |
| Berenguer, J | 1 |
| Rubio, R | 1 |
| Pulido, F | 1 |
| Ferrer, P | 1 |
| Alvarez, ML | 1 |
| Arterburn, S | 1 |
| Martínez, E | 1 |
| Nolan, D | 2 |
| Mallal, S | 2 |
| Caron, M | 1 |
| Auclair, M | 1 |
| Lagathu, C | 1 |
| Lombès, A | 1 |
| Walker, UA | 1 |
| Kornprobst, M | 1 |
| Capeau, J | 1 |
| Reiss, P | 1 |
| Johnson, M | 1 |
| Churchill, D | 1 |
| Hay, P | 1 |
| Fakoya, A | 1 |
| Murphy, M | 1 |
| Scullard, G | 1 |
| Leen, C | 1 |
| Viganò, A | 1 |
| Brambilla, P | 1 |
| Cafarelli, L | 1 |
| Giacomet, V | 1 |
| Borgonovo, S | 1 |
| Zamproni, I | 1 |
| Zuccotti, G | 1 |
| Mora, S | 1 |
| Behrens, GM | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNAP: Switching Nucleoside Analogues Protocol - Lipoatrophy and Mitochondrial[NCT00225082] | 12 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2004-11-30 | Completed | |||
| A Phase 3, Open Label, Randomised, Parallel Group Study to Compare the Effect on Prevention and Resolution of Treatment Related Adverse Events of a Simplified, Once Daily Regimen of a Fixed Dose Combination Tablet of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir DF Versus [NCT00323544] | Phase 3 | 220 participants | Interventional | 2004-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Reversibility of Mitochondrial Toxicity in HIV Lipoatrophy[NCT00119379] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IIIB, Randomized Trial of Open-Label Efavirenz or Atazanavir With Ritonavir in Combination With Double-Blind Comparison of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir or Abacavir/Lamivudine in Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects[NCT00118898] | Phase 3 | 1,864 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Subcutaneous abdominal fat mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | copies/cell (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | -169 |
| Switch to TDF | 321 |
Change in hip bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | hip BMD, g/cm^2 (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | 0.45 |
| Switch to TDF | -3.3 |
Change in limb fat as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | limb fat (kg) (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | 0.1 |
| Switch to TDF | 0.4 |
Change in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | lumbar spine BMD, g/cm^2 (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | 0.39 |
| Switch to TDF | 0.0 |
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), measured in copies/cell (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | copies/cell (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | -24 |
| Switch to TDF | -52 |
Change in trunk fat as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan (NCT00119379)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 48
| Intervention | trunk fat (kg) (Median) |
|---|---|
| Uridine Supplementation | 0.2 |
| Switch to TDF | 0.7 |
Participants were to be followed for 96 weeks after the last enrollment. Accrual was expected to take 96 weeks, thus the planned follow-up time was 96 to 192 weeks, dependent on when in the study the participant enrolled. This outcome summarizes that total amount of actual follow-up in weeks from randomization to last contact. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable, median follow-up was 138 weeks
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 141.4 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 133.3 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 141.6 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 137.3 |
Grade 3/4 safety event is defined as a grade 3 or 4 sign, symptom, or laboratory abnormality that is at least one grade higher than at baseline, total bilirubin and creatine kinase (CPK) were excluded. Grading used the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) 2004 Severity of Adverse Events Tables. As-treated analysis censored at 1st modification of initially assigned regimen, participants who never started treatment were excluded. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Over all study follow-up while on initially assigned treatment, median follow-up was 120 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 145 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 182 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 137 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 156 |
Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and before 24 weeks or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. Treatment modification was defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable, median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 162 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 246 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 157 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 233 |
Treatment modification is defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable, median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 152 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 239 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 138 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 216 |
Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and before 24 weeks or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable, median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 57 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 72 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 57 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 83 |
Emergence of resistant virus was assessed by genotypic testing performed at Stanford University for all participants who met criteria for virologic failure and retrospectively on baseline samples from these participants. Major mutations were defined by International AIDS Society-United States of America (2008), as well as T69D, L74I, G190C/E/Q/T/V for reverse transcriptase and L24I, F53L, I54V/A/T/S, G73C/S/T/A, N88D for protease. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable,median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 27 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 41 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 5 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 12 |
Change was calculated as the CD4 count at Week 48 (or at Week 96) minus the baseline CD4 count (mean of pre-entry and entry values). (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | Cells/mm3 (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 163 | 220.5 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 188 | 250.5 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 175 | 251.5 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 177.5 | 250.3 |
Only fasting results are included. The protocol did not require that samples be collected fasting. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 8 | 9 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 10 | 11 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 5 | 4 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 8 | 7 |
Only fasting results are included. The protocol did not require that samples be collected fasting. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 14 | 13.5 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 23 | 18 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 8 | 10 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 20 | 18 |
Only fasting results are included. The protocol did not require that samples be collected fasting. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 22 | 23 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 35 | 33 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 11 | 14 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 30 | 25 |
Only fasting results are included. The protocol did not require that samples be collected fasting. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 10 | 9 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 15 | 14 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 14 | 11 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 24 | 33 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative survival probability at week 48 and 96. Grade 3/4 safety event is defined as a grade 3 or 4 sign, symptom, or laboratory abnormality that is at least one grade higher than at baseline, total bilirubin and creatine kinase (CPK) were excluded. Grading used the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) 2004 Severity of Adverse Events Tables. As-treated analysis censored at 1st modification of initially assigned regimen, participants who never started treatment were excluded. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At week 48 and 96
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 78 | 70 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 64 | 58 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 79 | 73 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 73 | 66 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative survival probability at week 48 and 96. Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and before 24 weeks or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. Treatment modification was defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At week 48 and 96
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 79 | 70 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 64 | 54 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 80 | 73 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 66 | 57 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative survival probability at week 48 and 96. Treatment modification is defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At week 48 and 96
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 80 | 73 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 67 | 56 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 86 | 77 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 73 | 62 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative survival probability at week 48 and 96. Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and before 24 weeks or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At week 48 and 96
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 48 | Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 94 | 90 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 88 | 85 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 92 | 89 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 88 | 83 |
"AIDS-defining illnesses were defined per CDC category C definition. HIV-1 related events were defined per CDC category B definition. Events underwent study chair review for classification. See link below for more details.~http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018871.htm" (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable, median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Death | AIDS-defining illness | HIV-1 relatated event | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 6 | 14 | 56 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 11 | 25 | 61 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 6 | 20 | 57 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 8 | 23 | 63 |
(NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 48 | Number with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 48 | Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 96 | Number with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 415 | 398 | 379 | 362 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 400 | 377 | 361 | 342 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 416 | 391 | 384 | 368 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 411 | 372 | 374 | 346 |
(NCT00118898)
Timeframe: At Weeks 48 and 96
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 48 | Number with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 48 | Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 96 | Number with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 96 | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 415 | 372 | 379 | 345 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 400 | 346 | 361 | 328 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 416 | 348 | 384 | 345 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 411 | 322 | 374 | 317 |
Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at visit weeks 16 and 24 , and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks after randomization and before 24 weeks, or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. The 5th percentile for time to virologic failure is the time (in weeks) at which 5% of the participants have experienced virologic failure. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable,median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | Weeks (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| 5th percentile time to virologic failure | 10th percentile time to virologic failure | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 36 | 96 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 24 | 36 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 24 | 84 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 24 | 36 |
Grade 3/4 safety event is defined as a grade 3 or 4 sign, symptom, or laboratory abnormality that is at least one grade higher than at baseline, total bilirubin and creatine kinase (CPK) were excluded. Grading used the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) 2004 Severity of Adverse Events Tables. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: All follow-up while on initially assigned regimen; the median (25th, 75th percentile) follow-up while on initial regimen was 120 (54, 156) weeks and the range was 0 to 205 weeks.
| Intervention | Weeks (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 5th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event | 10th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event | 25th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 2.6 | 7.9 | 59.3 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 1.3 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 3.0 | 8.1 | 81.4 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 1.3 | 3.9 | 44.4 |
Blood samples for determining virologic failure were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Virologic failure was defined as a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >= 1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and before 24 weeks or >=200 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks. Treatment modification was defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable,median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | Weeks (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 5th percentile time to regimen failure | 10th percentile time to regimen failure | 25th percentile time to regimen failure | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 4 | 16 | 72 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 4 | 4 | 24 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 4 | 16 | 84 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 4 | 4 | 36 |
Treatment modification is defined as the 1st modification of the regimen, including a permanent discontinuation, switch, or substitution. (NCT00118898)
Timeframe: Follow-up time was variable,median follow-up was 138 weeks; see 'Amount of study follow-up' outcome for details
| Intervention | Weeks (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 5th percentile time to treatment modification | 10th percentile time to treatment modification | 25th percentile time to treatment modification | |
| EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 3.4 | 15.0 | 83.7 |
| EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 1.4 | 2.1 | 27.4 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC | 7.9 | 24.9 | 108.9 |
| RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC | 1.6 | 5.0 | 43.6 |
6 reviews available for adenine and HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Tenofovir as a strategy to avoid or limit adverse effects].
Topics: Adenine; Anemia; Anti-HIV Agents; Antimetabolites; Clinical Trials as Topic; DNA, Mitochondrial; Dou | 2008 |
[Are all analogue combinations equal?].
Topics: Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antimetabolites; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cardiovascular Dis | 2008 |
[Current role of tenofovir in clinical medicine].
Topics: Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antimetabolites; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Chemical and Drug | 2008 |
Thymidine analogue-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Topics: Adenine; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dideoxynucleosides; Drug R | 2003 |
Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a review of selected topics.
Topics: Adenine; Alkynes; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Benzoxazines; Cardi | 2005 |
Treatment options for lipodystrophy in HIV-positive patients.
Topics: Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Dideoxynucleosides; Health Behavior | 2008 |
10 trials available for adenine and HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A 48-week study of fat molecular alterations in HIV naive patients starting tenofovir/emtricitabine with lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz.
Topics: Adenine; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Deoxycytidine; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2014 |
Improvements in cheek volume in lipoatrophic individuals switching away from thymidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adenine; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Cheek; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; H | 2009 |
A randomized comparative trial of continued zidovudine/lamivudine or replacement with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in efavirenz-treated HIV-1-infected individuals.
Topics: Adenine; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Deoxycy | 2009 |
Routine versus clinically driven laboratory monitoring of HIV antiretroviral therapy in Africa (DART): a randomised non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adenine; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Aged; Anemia; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Crea | 2010 |
Adipocyte differentiation, mitochondrial gene expression and fat distribution: differences between zidovudine and tenofovir after 6 months.
Topics: Adenine; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cell Differentia | 2009 |
Mitochondrial function, inflammation, fat and bone in HIV lipoatrophy: randomized study of uridine supplementation or switch to tenofovir.
Topics: Adenine; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Apoptosis; Bone Density; DNA, Mitochond | 2012 |
Changes in fat mitochondrial DNA and function in subjects randomized to abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir DF-emtricitabine with atazanavir-ritonavir or efavirenz: AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5224s, substudy of A5202.
Topics: Adenine; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Atazanavir Sulfate; Benzoxazines; Cyclopro | 2013 |
Impact of switching from zidovudine/lamivudine to tenofovir/emtricitabine on lipoatrophy: the RECOMB study.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adenine; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Hig | 2013 |
A randomized comparative trial of tenofovir DF or abacavir as replacement for a thymidine analogue in persons with lipoatrophy.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Biomarkers; Body Fat Distribution; Dideoxynucleosides; Female | 2006 |
Normalization of fat accrual in lipoatrophic, HIV-infected children switched from stavudine to tenofovir and from protease inhibitor to efavirenz.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adenine; Adolescent; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highl | 2007 |
5 other studies available for adenine and HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[To evaluate the changes in body composition in male human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy after different treatment regimens by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry].
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Body Composition; HIV Infections | 2014 |
Weight evolution in HIV-1 infected women in Rwanda after stavudine substitution due to lipoatrophy: comparison of zidovudine with tenofovir/abacavir.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Body Weight; Dideoxynucleosides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2009 |
Mitochondrial function, morphology and metabolic parameters improve after switching from stavudine to a tenofovir-containing regimen.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adenine; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Body Fat Distribution; | 2009 |
The influence of HLA supertype on thymidine analogue associated with low peripheral fat in HIV.
Topics: Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Australia; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; CD4 Lymphocyt | 2012 |
The HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors stavudine and zidovudine alter adipocyte functions in vitro.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adenine; Adipocytes; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Didanosine; Dideoxynucl | 2004 |