acyclovir and Staphylococcal-Infections

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Bacteremia; Catalase; Catheterization; Cellulitis; Contusions; Female; Floxacillin; Hematoma; Herpes Labialis; Humans; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Acyclovir; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Photography; Staphylococcal Infections

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) and central line infections remain among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients because of prolonged neutropenia and mucosal damage. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and outcome of bacterial and fungal isolates from patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.. This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University and Hospital's bone marrow transplant unit. All patients who underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant with matched sibling/parent donor were included. The study period ranged from April 2004 to December 2012. Transplantation was performed according to institutional protocols. All patients were admitted in single rooms with positive pressure and high-efficiency particulate air filters. Ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and valaciclovir were used for standard prophylaxis, which was started at the time of conditioning. All blood cultures were obtained at clinical suspicion of systemic infection, mainly documented as fever (temperature of >38.5°C). BSIs and line infections were defined as isolation of bacterial or fungal pathogen from at least one blood/central line culture.. In total, 101 of 108 patients developed febrile neutropenia. In the 101 patients, 245 documented febrile episodes occurred. There were 40 culture-positive episodes and 205 culture-negative episodes. Of these 40 culture-positive episodes, 22 patients had bloodstream isolates and 18 had central line isolates. The median ± standard deviation time of febrile neutropenia was day 7 ± 2 days (range: day -3 to day +13). The most common bloodstream isolate was Escherichia coli (n = 9) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 5). One patient developed Fusarium infection. In central line infections, S. epidermidis was the most common organism (n = 8). In 2 patients with central venous catheters, Candida albicans was the isolate. Transplant-related mortality from sepsis occurred in 9.2%.. E.coli was mainly responsible for BSI, while gram-positive organisms dominated catheter-related febrile episodes. Transplant-related mortality due to sepsis was 9%.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Catheterization, Central Venous; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Developing Countries; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Febrile Neutropenia; Female; Fluconazole; Fungemia; Fusariosis; Fusarium; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pakistan; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Valacyclovir; Valine; Virus Diseases; Young Adult

Topics: Acyclovir; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antiviral Agents; Candidiasis; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intertrigo; Ketoconazole; Male; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Forehead; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

To report a case of bilateral herpes simplex keratitis with unilateral secondary bacterial keratitis resulting in corneal perforation in a patient with pityriasis rubra pilaris.. Case report.. A 77-year-old female with pityriasis rubra pilaris was referred for a perforated corneal ulcer of the left eye. Cultures were positive in both eyes for Herpes simplex and in the left eye for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus A microbiological cure was obtained with a combination of tectonic keratoplasty, fortified topical antibiotics, and systemic acyclovir.. Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare, inflammatory dermatologic disease that may predispose patients to bilateral Herpes simplex keratitis, secondary bacterial superinfection, and a tendency toward rapid stromal ulceration with risk of perforation.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefazolin; Ceftazidime; Corneal Transplantation; Corneal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Keratitis, Herpetic; Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eczema; Exanthema; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Face; Humans; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Male; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Asthma; Cloxacillin; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Male; Staphylococcal Infections; Superinfection

The effect of an extensive prophylactic antimicrobial regimen was prospectively assessed in 126 patients after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSC. They received ciprofloxacin (500 mg/12 h), acyclovir (200 mg/6 h), and itraconazole (200 mg/12 h) orally until neutrophil recovery. Febrile patients received i.v. imipenem (500 mg/6 h) to which vancomycin and amikacin were added if fever persisted for 2-3 and 5 days, respectively. Amphotericin B lipid complex was further given on day 7 or 8 of fever. Median times for a neutrophil count of >0.5 x 10(9)/l and a platelet count of >20 x 10(9)/l were 9 and 11 days. Severe neutropenia (<0.1 x 10(9)/l) lasted for a median of 5 days in which 72% of febrile episodes and 50% of cases of bacteremia occurred. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 30 of 40 episodes of bacteremia, 25 of which were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Clinical foci were the intravascular catheter in 35 cases, respiratory infection in 11, cellulitis in two, anal abscess in one, and neutropenic enterocolitis in one. The high incidence of febrile episodes (94%) and bacteremias (31%) may be due to the lack of efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the persistence of a 5-day period of severe neutropenia.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antiviral Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Combined Modality Therapy; Communicable Diseases; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome

Twenty-eight patients with upper extremity infections and positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were identified. The risk factor for HIV infection was intravenous drug injection in 24 patients, homosexual contact in 3, and heterosexual contact in 1. Eight of the patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two of the cases were prolonged herpetic infections of more than 6 months' duration that did not respond to oral acyclovir. The other 26 cases were bacterial in origin. Twenty-six of 28 cases responded to therapy with resolution of the infection. One patient refused surgical treatment and one died of systemic illness before resolution of the hand infection.

Topics: Abscess; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiviral Agents; Arm; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Hand; Herpes Simplex; Heterosexuality; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Soft Tissue Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Substance Abuse, Intravenous

A contaminated catheter used in epidural anesthesia in a 71-year-old female produced acute epidural abscess and septic meningitis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in a culture of the epidural pus. Both T1- and T2-weighted MR images showed low intensity mass lesion compressing the thecal sac behind the vertebral body L3. The low intensity lesion was probably pus with gas component. In these low intensity lesions in MR findings with gas component, MR was superior to myelography because it visualized both the degree of compression to the thecal sac and extension of the lesion in all directions.

Topics: Abscess; Acyclovir; Aged; Aminoglycosides; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epidural Space; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Imipenem; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningitis, Bacterial; Myelography; Neuralgia; Palliative Care; Spinal Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections

The herpetic whitlow should be treated nonoperatively. However, a difficult therapeutic dilemma occurs when a whitlow is seen with an established bacterial abscess. We report a case of an adult whose first herpetic whitlow was complicated by secondary periungual abscesses that progressed despite intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Surgical drainage of these periungual abscesses was successfully done in conjunction with intravenous acyclovir with no adverse effects.

Topics: Abscess; Acyclovir; Adult; Cephalosporins; Combined Modality Therapy; Drainage; Fingers; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Male; Paronychia; Staphylococcal Infections

Nonhuman primate (monkey) bites to researchers and attending animal care staff may present problems in patient management. Such inoculations can transmit serious bacterial and viral infections to the human handlers. Significant local and systemic manifestations can subsequently develop following such an injury. Since Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) is enzootic in Asiatic monkeys of the genus Macaca, and since B virus infection in humans is usually fatal, additional prophylactic and therapeutic measures must be taken when persons are bitten by macaque monkeys. Primate bites require early aggressive intervention.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Bites and Stings; Cephalosporins; Eikenella corrodens; Humans; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Male; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Endophthalmitis; Ganciclovir; Humans; Injections; Male; Retinitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Vitreous Body

Chickenpox (varicella) is generally considered a childhood disease. Although adults account for only 1.5 percent of patients affected, they account for 27.6 percent of total deaths. We report on a 25-year-old white man who died of varicella. We hope that this report will alert the physician to the serious nature of primary varicella infection in adults.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Chickenpox; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections