acyclovir and Hepatitis--Viral--Animal

Acanthus ilicifolius L. is an important medicinal mangrove plant. It is popularly used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treatment with alcohol extract of Acanthus ilicifolius L. on duck hepatitis B.. One-day-old Guangxi shelducks injected intraperitoneally with strong positive duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) serum were used to establish a duck hepatitis B animal model in the study. The ducks were respectively administered in different groups with low-, middle- and high-dose alcohol extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L., the positive control drug acyclovir (ACV) and double-distilled water. The levels of serum DHBV DNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Duck hepatitis B surface antigen (DHBsAg) and duck hepatitis B e antigen (DHBeAg) OD values in the serum were measured by ELISA. The activity of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in the serum was measured, and the livers were taken for histopathological examination.. The levels of serum DHBV DNA and the values of DHBsAg and DHBeAg OD were not significant in any of the dose extract groups. However, the ALT activity was obviously lower in the middle- and high-dose extract groups. It was also found that a high dose of alcohol extract could reduce the activity of AST significantly and significantly improve hepatic pathological effects.. High-dose alcohol extract of Acanthus ilicifolius L. has an obvious protective effect on the liver function and liver tissue. However, the present study finds that Acanthus ilicifolius L. cannot inhibit the replication of duck hepatitis B virus.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Acyclovir; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antiviral Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; DNA, Viral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ducks; Hepadnaviridae Infections; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Liver; Phytotherapy; Viral Load

To examine the effect of Gankang Suppository on duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), the serum biochemistry and hepatic histology in an animal model of DHBV infection, a model of DHBV infection was established by infecting 1-day-old Yingtaogu ducklings with DHBV-positive serum. The successful model was confirmed by PCR assay and 48 ducklings infected with DHBV were randomly divided into 3 groups: a Gankang Suppository treatment group, an acyclovir (ACV) group and a DHBV model group (control), with each group having 16 animals. All the animals were given the medicines for 4 weeks in a row. The serum of the animals was taken 14 and 28 days after the medication and 7 days after drug discontinuation. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the copy numbers of DHBV DNA in the serum. ALT and AST were dynamically monitored. The ducklings were sacrificed on the 7th day after the discontinuation of the treatment and livers were harvested and examined for inflammation and degeneration of liver cells by using HE staining. The results showed that on day 14, 28 after the treatment and day 7 after the withdrawal, the logarithmic values (log) of DHBV DNA copy numbers in ducklings of Gankang Suppository treatment group were significantly lower than that before the treatment (P=0.0092, P=0.0070, P=0.0080, respectively). Compared with DHBV model control group, the ALT level was significantly decreased (P=0.0020, P=0.0019, respectively) on day 28 after the treatment and on day 7 after the withdrawal. The AST level was also reduced on day 14 after the treatment (P=0.0298). Compared with the ACV control group, the level of ALT was lower on day 7 after the withdrawal (P=0.0016). Histologically, the hepatocyte swelling, vacuolous degeneration and acidophilic degeneration in Gankang Suppository treatment group were alleviated 7 days after the withdrawal as compared with model control group (P=0.0282, P=0.0084, P=0.0195, respectively). It is concluded that Gankang Suppository can effectively suppress DHBV replication, reduce the levels of serum ALT and AST and improve hepatic histology.

Topics: Acyclovir; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ducks; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Hepadnaviridae Infections; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Lentinan; Liver; Suppositories; Virus Replication

To observe the antiviral effect of Yu Gan capsules against DHBV in ducks.. 50 Guangzhou brown spot ducks were used in this experiment. After the ducks were infected DHBV, they were divided into four groups at random (ACV 200 mg/kg group, Yu Gan capsules 6.5 g/kg group, Yu Gan capsules 3.25 g/kg group and virus control group) and Drugs were given by stomach once a day. Blood samples were taken from each duck and tested for DHBV-DNA's level. Researches left liver tissue were, sheared and used for optical analysis.. In Yu Gan capsules 6.5 g/kg group, DHBV-DNA's level in ducks' serum decreased on the 5th and 10th days after treatment and the 3th day after recession of treatment. There was a significant difference in the DHBV-DNA's level between the days after treatment and before treatment. there was also significant difference in the DHBV-DNA's level between Yu Gan capsules 6. 5 g/kg group and virus control group (P <0.01). Whereas, no inhibition effect was found in Yu Gan capsules 3.25 g/kg group.. Yu Gan capsules have functions on anti-DHBV in duck.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Capsules; DNA, Viral; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ducks; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Liver; Virus Replication

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occasionally develop hepatitis, pneumonia or esophagitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. HSV hepatitis is a rare but serious complication in liver transplantation. Acyclovir-resistant HSV strains may emerge in immunocompromised patients. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, HSV-2 induces necrotizing hepatitis in mice. We studied the virus spread and mortality following intraperitoneal inoculation of HSV-2 RK (an acyclovir-resistant recombinant virus with altered thymidine kinase activity) as compared to its parent virus 8620K. Neither the 50% lethal dose (LD50) nor the average survival time was significantly different between the two strains. Parenteral acyclovir treatment was found to be effective against 8620K but not RK infection. Parenteral foscarnet treatment was effective against both RK and 8620K, and also inhibited the spread of either virus to the liver, spinal cord and brain. Peroral foscarnet administration was found to prevent the virus growth in the liver.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Arabinonucleosides; Brain; Chlorocebus aethiops; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Foscarnet; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Thymidine; Vero Cells; Vidarabine

The woodchuck was selected to study the efficacy of liver-targeted antiviral drugs on hepadnavirus replication. Nineteen woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus were treated with adenine arabinoside monophosphate or acyclovir monophosphate, either free or conjugated with the liver-targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin. Circulating woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA levels remained unchanged in untreated animals and in those receiving the carrier lactosaminated human serum albumin alone; in contrast, they were consistently lower after 5 days of treatment with the antiviral drugs. Free and conjugated adenine arabinoside monophosphate were active at doses of 10 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, and free and coupled ACVMP were active at doses of 20 and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the dosages of adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate required to inhibit hepadnavirus growth can be sharply reduced by coupling the drugs to lactosaminated human serum albumin.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; DNA, Viral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Carriers; Hepadnaviridae; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Humans; Marmota; Serum Albumin; Vidarabine Phosphate; Viremia

The therapeutic efficacy of antiviral agents for postexposure prophylaxis to hepadnavirus infection has been studied using acyclovir and foscarnet in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model. A total of 112 Pekin-Aylesbury ducks were inoculated with DHBV at 11 days post-hatch. Three days later, groups of these birds were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 10 days with acyclovir (25 mg/kg) or foscarnet (250 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline. Serum samples were taken before, during, and up to 4 weeks post-treatment and were analysed for DHBV DNA by dot hybridization. Liver tissue obtained at sacrifice was examined for viral DNA and for histological changes. At completion of treatment with acyclovir, 21 of 22 ducks were not viremic, compared with 6 of 26 control birds (P less than 0.001). Four weeks after withdrawal of acyclovir, 12 of 20 ducks remained nonviremic, compared with 2 of 23 controls (P less than 0.01). In liver tissue, viral DNA was detected in 10 of 19 treated ducks, compared with 21/24 controls (P less than 0.01). Histological changes of hepatitis were present in more of the control birds than in the treated group. The results with foscarnet treatment were similar, although a smaller inoculum of DHBV was used and fewer control birds became infected. The administration of antiviral agents soon after exposure prevented productive infection in approximately 50% of birds. Therefore, the use of a safe antiviral agent such as acyclovir, which can be given orally, should be considered in post-exposure prophylaxis against human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; DNA, Viral; Ducks; Female; Foscarnet; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Male; Phosphonoacetic Acid

Treatment of chronic ground squirrel hepatitis virus infection with arabinosyladenine monophosphate at 20 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks caused marked decreases in serum virion-associated DNA polymerase concentrations in three of five squirrels. Statistically significant but less dramatic decreases in enzymatic activity were noted in two of six squirrels treated with 50 mg of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine per kg per day. After therapy, DNA polymerase activities rose to pretreatment levels.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Arabinonucleotides; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Ganciclovir; Hepatitis Viruses; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Liver; Sciuridae; Vidarabine Phosphate; Virion