acyclovir and Eye-Diseases

Twenty nine published clinical trials with acyclovir (ACV) ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) corneal disease have been reviewed in which ACV has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of simple dendritic ulcers, geographic ulcers, deep corneal HSV infections and ocular disease associated with herpes zoster (VZV) infection affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. 998 patients were studied. The most commonly occurring adverse reactions were superficial punctate keratopathy (in 9.8% of patients) and burning or stinging on application of the ointment (4%). ACV ophthalmic ointment was first licensed for the treatment of HSV infections of the eye in September 1981. Spontaneous reports of adverse reactions to ACV ophthalmic ointment to both the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines and the Wellcome Group Adverse Reactions Reporting Centre total 43 cases. These include conjunctivitis, inflammation and pain in the treated eye. In this time it is estimated that there have been approximately one million exposures to the ointment. Thus in general use, tolerance to ACV treatment has been extremely good, and clinical trial data demonstrate that it compares favourably with alternative therapies for HSV corneal disease.

Topics: Acyclovir; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corneal Diseases; Drug Tolerance; Eye Diseases; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Ointments

Topics: Acyclovir; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Baclofen; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbamazepine; Cervical Vertebrae; Cluster Headache; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ergotamine; Eye Diseases; Facial Pain; Female; Giant Cell Arteritis; Headache; Humans; Lithium; Male; Methysergide; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Vidarabine

New therapies and diseases causing immunosuppression have provoked new and devastating ocular diseases. The possible reasons for the vulnerability of the retina to opportunistic infections are discussed. The clinical patterns of disease caused by common opportunistic agents are described, and current treatment available is reviewed.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Adult; Candidiasis; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infant, Newborn; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Eye Diseases; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Virus Diseases

To validate a means of collecting tears from cats, develop an assay for quantifying famciclovir and penciclovir in tears, and to assess famciclovir and penciclovir concentrations and pharmacokinetics in the tears of cats being treated orally with famciclovir for suspected herpetic disease.. Seven client-owned cats.. Cats were treated orally with a median (range) dose of 40 (39-72) mg of famciclovir/kg three times daily for at least 24 h. At various time points following famciclovir administration, tear samples were collected using Schirmer tear test strips. Tear famciclovir and penciclovir concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and concentration-time profiles were analyzed noncompartmentally. The relationship between famciclovir dose and tear penciclovir concentration near its maximum was evaluated using least squares linear regression.. Maximum tear famciclovir concentration of 0.305 μg/mL occurred at 2.64 h; elimination half-life was 2.28 h. Maximum tear penciclovir concentration (0.981 μg/mL) occurred 2.25 h following oral administration of famciclovir; elimination half-life was 2.77 h. A significant positive correlation was noted between famciclovir dose and tear penciclovir concentration at various time points between 0.5 and 3.75 h following drug administration (P = 0.025). Tear penciclovir concentration exceeded the concentration shown to have in vitro efficacy against feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) (0.304 μg/mL) in about half of samples collected.. Oral administration of 40 mg of famciclovir/kg to cats resulted in a tear penciclovir concentration-time profile that approximated the plasma penciclovir concentration-time profile and frequently achieved a penciclovir concentration at the ocular surface likely to be effective against FHV-1.

Topics: 2-Aminopurine; Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eye Diseases; Famciclovir; Guanine; Herpesviridae Infections; Pilot Projects; Specimen Handling; Tears

46 patients with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus of less than 72 hours duration were recruited into a placebo controlled trial to assess the efficacy of oral acyclovir, 800 mg 5 times daily, in preventing or modifying ocular complications and pain. Fewer acyclovir recipients developed intraocular complications and these were less severe but neither difference was statistically significant. However, active ocular disease was significantly less common in the acyclovir group (p = 0.01) at 6 months. Pain was significantly less severe in the acyclovir group between 2 and 6 months. The proportion of patients with pain scores greater than 0 was significantly lower in the acyclovir group between 2 and 3 months. Oral acyclovir appears to modify the disease process in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, to reduce the severity and incidence of postherpetic pain and especially to protect against long-term ocular complications.

Topics: Acute Disease; Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Eye Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Placebos; Steroids

Twenty nine published clinical trials with acyclovir (ACV) ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) corneal disease have been reviewed in which ACV has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of simple dendritic ulcers, geographic ulcers, deep corneal HSV infections and ocular disease associated with herpes zoster (VZV) infection affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. 998 patients were studied. The most commonly occurring adverse reactions were superficial punctate keratopathy (in 9.8% of patients) and burning or stinging on application of the ointment (4%). ACV ophthalmic ointment was first licensed for the treatment of HSV infections of the eye in September 1981. Spontaneous reports of adverse reactions to ACV ophthalmic ointment to both the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines and the Wellcome Group Adverse Reactions Reporting Centre total 43 cases. These include conjunctivitis, inflammation and pain in the treated eye. In this time it is estimated that there have been approximately one million exposures to the ointment. Thus in general use, tolerance to ACV treatment has been extremely good, and clinical trial data demonstrate that it compares favourably with alternative therapies for HSV corneal disease.

Topics: Acyclovir; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corneal Diseases; Drug Tolerance; Eye Diseases; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Ointments

A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to study the effects of oral acyclovir on 55 patients with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Treatment with oral acyclovir resulted in more prompt resolution of signs and symptoms, particularly in patients treated within 72 hours after onset of skin rash (P less than 0.05), and shortened the duration of viral shedding (P = 0.02). Vesicular skin lesions involving other dermatomes (microdissemination) occurred in five (19%) placebo-treated patients but in no acyclovir-treated patients (P = 0.03). Interim analysis of this longitudinal study suggests that the incidence and severity of secondary ocular inflammatory disease was reduced by acyclovir. Prolonged observation of these patients is ongoing to determine if oral acyclovir reduces post-herpes zoster neuralgia or the late ocular complications of ophthalmic zoster.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases; Time Factors

Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] is a new antiviral agent which has specific activity in virus-infected cells. The drug has a high therapeutic index in animal and laboratory models but had not been tested for toxicity in human eyes at the time of this study. A randomized double-blind study on patients requiring antiviral therapy for treatment or prophylaxis of herpetic ocular infections revealed minimal irritation associated with topical administration. Further controlled studies will be necessary to evaluate this compound's clinical efficacy.

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Double-Blind Method; Eye Diseases; Guanine; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Ointments

To determine the role of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) as an adjuvant in the management of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).. Interventional case series.. Four eyes of 4 patients diagnosed with ARN were studied.. This pilot case series included 4 patients who presented with clinical features suggestive of ARN. IVTA was injected 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of antiviral therapy and concurrent usage of oral corticosteroids. The disease course and clinical outcome were observed. The patients received additional treatment depending on the sequelae of ARN.. Signs of reduction in vitritis and resolution of retinitis were observed as early as 1 week after IVTA was administered. In all 4 patients, inflammation promptly resolved with no untoward effects like raised intraocular pressure or worsening of the retinitis. A final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 3 of 4 patients after appropriate treatment of ARN-related complications.. Intravitreal triamcinolone under antiviral cover could be a useful adjunct to systemic steroids in the treatment of ARN.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Eye Diseases; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Retinitis; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Valacyclovir; Valine; Visual Acuity; Vitreous Body; Young Adult

Outcome misclassification is widespread in epidemiology, but methods to account for it are rarely used. We describe the use of multiple imputation to reduce bias when validation data are available for a subgroup of study participants. This approach is illustrated using data from 308 participants in the multicenter Herpetic Eye Disease Study between 1992 and 1998 (48% female; 85% white; median age, 49 years). The odds ratio comparing the acyclovir group with the placebo group on the gold-standard outcome (physician-diagnosed herpes simplex virus recurrence) was 0.62 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35, 1.09). We masked ourselves to physician diagnosis except for a 30% validation subgroup used to compare methods. Multiple imputation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.51) was compared with naive analysis using self-reported outcomes (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.73), analysis restricted to the validation subgroup (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.20, 1.59), and direct maximum likelihood (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.53). In simulations, multiple imputation and direct maximum likelihood had greater statistical power than did analysis restricted to the validation subgroup, yet all 3 provided unbiased estimates of the odds ratio. The multiple-imputation approach was extended to estimate risk ratios using log-binomial regression. Multiple imputation has advantages regarding flexibility and ease of implementation for epidemiologists familiar with missing data methods.

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Bias; Computer Simulation; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Monte Carlo Method; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Odds Ratio; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Secondary Prevention

An 86-year-old female presented with eye pain, complete ophthalmoplegia, a visual acuity of 1/60, vitritis, ptosis, displacement of the eye, and a partially dilated pupil unresponsive to light. A computed tomography of the cerebrum was normal. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was suspected and treatment with i.v. acyclovir and prednisolone was commenced, which led to a gradual improvement of the clinical condition. Complete ophthalmoplegia due to herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a very rare condition and no evidence-based treatment is available. The prognosis is very good with almost complete remission of the symptoms within 18 months.

Topics: Acyclovir; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; Aspirin; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Ophthalmoplegia; Ophthalmoscopy; Prednisolone; Vitreous Body

Herpes zoster is mainly a disease of the elderly. Its occurrence in younger age should be viewed with suspicion. A 9-year-old boy presented with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. He had a history of abdominal surgery one and half years back during which he had received blood transfusion. A year following the surgery he developed general malaise and fever with progressive weight loss. He was treated by local doctors. Subsequently he developed eruptions of blisters around right eye for a duration of 8 days, with which he presented to the department of ophthalmology, Pt JNM Medical College, Raipur. On investigations he was found to have infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Systemic acyclovir along with antiretroviral treatment was started, to which he showed favourable response.

Topics: Acyclovir; Child; Eye Diseases; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; HIV Infections; Humans; Lamivudine; Male; Nevirapine; Zidovudine

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a severe ocular syndrome consisting of a moderate-to-severe anterior uveitis, vasculitis, and vaso-occlusive retinal necrosis. It can occur in healthy individuals at any age, but reports of this condition in children are rare.

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Child; Eye Diseases; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Retinal Hemorrhage; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Uveitis, Anterior; Uveitis, Posterior; Vitreous Body

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eczema; Exanthema; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Face; Humans; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Male; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections

To investigate the ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.. This was a retrospective cohort study of 48 HIV-infected patients (48 eyes) treated at San Francisco General Hospital for herpes zoster ophthalmicus from December 1985 through March 1994.. All patients were initially treated with either intravenous or oral acyclovir. The median CD4 lymphocyte count at diagnosis was 48 per mm3 (range, 2 to 490 per mm3). Fifteen patients (31%) had mild or no ocular involvement. Seventeen patients (35%) had stromal keratitis, mostly mild, and two (4)% developed chronic infectious pseudodendritic keratitis. Twenty-four study patients (50%) had iritis, but only three (6%) had elevations in intraocular pressure. Two patients (4%) developed postherpetic neuralgia, and two others (4%) had zoster-associated central nervous system disease. Only two patients (4%) developed necrotizing retinitis, both in the form of the progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome.. Excluding the patients with retinitis and central nervous system disease, the rate of sight-threatening complications in our series was lower than expected. Almost one third of study patients had no ocular complications or only mild surface epithelial disease. Although the relatively low incidence of sight-threatening disease in our study population may have been a consequence of aggressive management with acyclovir, chronic infectious pseudodendritic keratitis, retinitis, and central nervous system disease, complications of ophthalmic zoster whose pathogenesis is largely a consequence of active viral replication, were particularly devastating and difficult to manage.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Brain Diseases; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; HIV Infections; Humans; Iritis; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Neuralgia; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Eye Diseases; Female; Ganciclovir; Glaucoma; Herpes Zoster Oticus; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Artery; Syndrome

A large percentage of patients in stage IV of HIV infection (CDC classification) show changes in the ocular fundus. Most frequent are functionally unimportant cotton-wool spots resulting from a HIV-associated microvasculopathy. Infectious retinitis due to opportunistic organisms is in most cases caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Untreated patients may become blind. In case of general or local treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with ganciclovir, sight may be preserved on a long-term basis. The ophthalmoscopic appearance of the typical changes and their histological substrate are presented, and modes of treatment are discussed. By direct ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity testing any physician can diagnose these fundus changes. Cotton-wool spots only require follow-up. In retinitis an ophthalmologist should be consulted. A screening procedure is suggested.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Retinal Diseases; Retinitis

Ocular symptoms of Behçet's syndrome in 16 patients and the results of cytostatic and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A (6 patients), chlorambucil (6 patients), and a combination of cyclophosphamide and procarbacin (4 patients) are described. The clinical course and therapeutic outcome were compared to the patients' visual acuity and the duration of the disease prior to institution of cytostatic therapy. Average follow-up was 4.6 years, maximum 9 years. The principal ocular symptom in all patients was hemorrhagic, occlusive periphlebitis. Other symptoms, in descending order of frequency, were chorioretinitis, iridocyclitis, complicated cataract, secondary glaucoma and exudative retinal detachment. The patients in whom cytostatic therapy was instituted no later than 6 months after onset of the disease showed an improvement in or stabilization of visual acuity, as well as a clear reduction in signs of intraocular inflammation and frequency of recurrence. No improvement in visual acuity or ocular symptoms was achieved in cases where the disease was very advanced, despite cytostatic-immunosuppressive therapy. The results support early institution of immunosuppressive therapy in cases with Behçet's syndrome where severe, irreversible damage has not yet occurred and in which vision is threatened in both eyes. However, due consideration must be given to the potential risks of immunosuppressive therapy, in particular the risk of a malignant tumor.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Behcet Syndrome; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Diseases; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Procarbazine; Stanozolol

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) affects the ocular structures in several ways. Kaposi's sarcoma has been observed on the bulbar conjunctiva of the globe. Retinal complications, however, are of major concern. Cotton-wool spots are commonly seen in AIDS patients and are usually of no consequence, except that they must be distinguished from the early stages of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, seen in 20-40% of these patients. CMV causes a necrotic-type retinitis potentially leading to blindness. 9-[2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine (DHPG) has been found effective in the short-term treatment of this disorder. It is planned to use AS101 in the regimen to see if a long-term cure from this disease can be affected. Care must be taken in handling ocular tissue of AIDS patients or the re-use of ophthalmic instruments touching the eye of AIDS patients since the human immunodeficiency virus has been found in these structures.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Ganciclovir; HIV; Humans; Retinitis

We treated two patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus in whom hyphema and hemorrhagic glaucoma occurred. Case 1 complained of facial skin eruption, and was given intravenous acyclovir for 7 days. Hyphema and high intraocular pressure occurred in the left eye 10 days after the onset of the skin eruption. Case 2 had severe pain and blisters on her face, and was given intravenous acyclovir for 7 days. An intracameral hemorrhage and glaucoma developed in the right eye 15 days after the onset of the skin lesion. Intravenous acyclovir may be necessary for longer than 7-day periods if the iridocyclitis remains.

Topics: Acyclovir; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dermatitis; Eye Diseases; Face; Glaucoma; Hemorrhage; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Hyphema; Injections, Intravenous; Male

Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated antibiotics and antiviral drugs were used in patients with acute toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, presumed propionibacterium acne endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, and presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with AIDS. A single intravitreal dose was effective in the treatment of all the conditions. Intravitreal liposomes may prove to be an advantageous drug delivery system for the treatment of chronic intraocular inflammatory disorders.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Clindamycin; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Eye Diseases; Ganciclovir; Gentamicins; Humans; Liposomes; Male; Middle Aged; Vitreous Body

The vast majority of the more than 300,000 annual cases of herpes zoster in the United States occur among healthy, immunocompetent persons. Most patients recover from reactivated varicella-zoster infection, but some experience complications. The most common of these is postherpetic neuralgia, but other neurologic as well as ocular and dermatologic complications can occur as well. Zoster during pregnancy is not of serious concern. Ongoing trials of antiviral agents are aimed at resolving the infection quickly and decreasing the incidence and severity of postherpetic neuralgia.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adenosine Monophosphate; Eye Diseases; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Immunocompetence; Nervous System Diseases; Pregnancy; Skin Diseases, Infectious

The ocular findings in 38 patients infected by the Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III (HTLV III) are reviewed. Twenty patients were suffering from the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and 18 from the HTLV III related disease Persistent Generalised Lymphadenopathy (PGL). Cotton wool spots were found in the retinae of 8 patients at some stage of their disease and the prognostic significance of these is discussed. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis was an ocular complication in eight of the patients with AIDS. The therapeutic effects of a new anti-viral drug, di-hydroxy propoxymethyl guanine (DHPG), are discussed.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; AIDS-Related Complex; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Fundus Oculi; Ganciclovir; Humans; Retinal Hemorrhage; Retinitis

Recent evidence indicates that many of the characteristics of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular disease are determined by the genome of the virus strain. The type and severity of epithelial disease, as well as the morphology of the lesions, have been demonstrated to be genetically controlled, and the region of the viral DNA responsible for these aspects of the disease has been identified. In addition, the frequency of reactivation of the latent virus may be inherent in the genetic makeup of the virus, although host factors appear to influence the appearance of frank disease. Drugs for the treatment of epithelial herpes inhibit virus replication in the host cells; the newest and most effective drug, trifluridine, heals 97% of epithelial lesions within two weeks. The place of thymidine kinase selective drugs in ophthalmology has not been determined. There are, as yet, no drugs specific for stromal herpes, and no drugs have been shown to eradicate the latent virus from the ganglia or to prevent the recurrence of ocular herpetic disease.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Biomechanical Phenomena; Eye Diseases; Ganglia; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Interferons; Rabbits; Recurrence; Simplexvirus; Trifluridine

Topics: Acyclovir; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Diseases; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acyclovir; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Keratitis; Keratitis, Dendritic

Aqueous levels of topically applied vidarabine monophosphate, trifluridine, and acyclovir were determined following topical administration in patients with normal corneas prior to cataract extraction. Meager levels in aqueous were found for vidarabine monophosphate, and none for trifluridine. Substantial levels of acyclovir were detected that were well within the therapeutic range of herpes simplex susceptibility.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Topical; Antiviral Agents; Arabinonucleotides; Eye; Eye Diseases; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Simplexvirus; Thymidine; Trifluridine; Vidarabine Phosphate

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxycytidine; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; Eye Diseases; Humans; Idoxuridine; Ophthalmic Solutions; Trifluridine; Vidarabine; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Epinephrine; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Gliclazide; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Ophthalmology; Timolol; Trifluridine

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Australia; Cataract Extraction; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Guanine; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Lenses, Intraocular; Ophthalmology; Pilocarpine; Vitreous Body