acyclovir and Dermatitis--Contact

There is a major clinical need for new therapies for the treatment of chronic itch. Many of the molecular components involved in itch neurotransmission are known, including the neuropeptide NPPB, a transmitter required for normal itch responses to multiple pruritogens in mice. Here, we investigated the potential for a novel strategy for the treatment of itch that involves the inhibition of the NPPB receptor NPR1 (natriuretic peptide receptor 1). Because there are no available effective human NPR1 (hNPR1) antagonists, we performed a high-throughput cell-based screen and identified 15 small-molecule hNPR1 inhibitors. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that these compounds specifically inhibit hNPR1 and murine NPR1 (mNPR1). In vivo, NPR1 antagonism attenuated behavioral responses to both acute itch- and chronic itch-challenged mice. Together, our results suggest that inhibiting NPR1 might be an effective strategy for treating acute and chronic itch.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell-Free System; Dermatitis, Contact; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Pruritus; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Transduction; Small Molecule Libraries

Contact dermatitis to propylene glycol, a widely used compound, is often difficult to evidence with skin tests.. We observed three cases of contact eczema to a dermal cream (Zovirax) used for labial herpes simplex. Patch-tests were positive in all three cases when the entire product was used but negative for each of the constituent components. The initial diagnosis could be an allergic reaction to the composition between the components as has been described elsewhere. Skin tests were completed with patch-tests using propylene glycol at concentrations over 5 p. 100 or with a vehicle other than vaseline (commercial tests use 5 p. 100 propylene glycol in vaseline). The results of these tests provided evidence allowing the diagnosis of contact dermatitis to the dermal cream due to allergic reaction to propylene glycol.. Our three cases illustrate the frequency of false negative reactions to propylene glycol on commercial patch-tests. In agreement with data in the literature, these tests show that propylene glycol must be used at concentrations up to 10 to 20 p. 100 to identify allergic reactions with patch-tests.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; False Negative Reactions; Female; Herpes Labialis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Propylene Glycol; Skin Tests

Topics: Acyclovir; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Infant; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Male; Superinfection

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Middle Aged

Topics: Acute Disease; Acyclovir; Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Middle Aged; Ointments

Topics: Acyclovir; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Middle Aged

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Topical; Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Urticaria

Topics: Acyclovir; Aged; Buttocks; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans

Various side effects due to antiherpetic drugs observed in the last ten years in our department were studied. A total of 132 patients were treated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU), 69 with trifluorothymidine (F3T), 58 with acyclovir (ACV) and 33 with adenine arabinoside (ara-A). Patch tests were routinely done when patients exhibited contact dermatitis. Of the patients treated with IDU, 3 (2.3%) showed contact dermatitis, 2 (1.5%) follicular conjunctivitis and 1 (0.8%) punctate keratopathy. Of the patients treated with F3T, 7 (10.1%) exhibited contact dermatitis and 1 (1.4%) follicular conjunctivitis. In the group treated with ACV, 2 (3.4%) patients showed punctate keratopathy. The patients who received ara-A did not show any side effects. We found that F3T caused contact dermatitis more frequently in Japanese people than Europeans. These side effects were resolved by switching to another anti-herpetic drug without the occurrence of cross-allergy. Therefore, switching to another drug is strongly recommended when patients exhibit side effects in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Other complications were allergy to atropine and to drug preservative.

Topics: Acyclovir; Conjunctivitis; Corneal Diseases; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Idoxuridine; Keratitis, Dendritic; Thymidine; Trifluridine; Vidarabine

Dermatologic diseases of the genitalia are of several types: congenital diseases, acquired diseases (those caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or physical or chemical toxins), tumors, and atrophic dermatoses. The methods available to diagnose these diseases vary. Some conditions may be recognized by appearance alone, whereas others require histopathologic examination of involved skin for correct diagnosis. Some do not need treatment, while others call for an aggressive approach. Some types of genital dermatologic diseases, such as herpes infections and condylomata acuminata, appear to be associated with genital carcinogenesis. Patients with these diseases should be carefully examined.

Topics: Acyclovir; Condylomata Acuminata; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Herpes Genitalis; Humans; Male; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious