acyclovir and Chorioretinitis

Childhood infectious diseases are not usually serious. The symptoms (fever, conjunctivitis, itching) diminish with the administration of antipyretic drugs. Cutaneous lesions leave no scarring. Sometimes complications may appear.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Cutaneous; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Child; Chorioretinitis; Conjunctivitis, Viral; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Viral; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Measles; Mumps; Pruritus; Rubella; Skin Diseases, Viral; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute Disease; Acyclovir; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Ganciclovir; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Light Coagulation; Mycoses; Necrosis; Opportunistic Infections; Retina; Retinitis; Syphilis; Toxoplasmosis

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir; Humans; Immune Tolerance

New therapies and diseases causing immunosuppression have provoked new and devastating ocular diseases. The possible reasons for the vulnerability of the retina to opportunistic infections are discussed. The clinical patterns of disease caused by common opportunistic agents are described, and current treatment available is reviewed.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Adult; Candidiasis; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infant, Newborn; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir; Humans; Immune Tolerance

The effect of different dosages of ganciclovir on proved cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis was tested in a randomized trial on 11 homosexual men with AIDS. The effect of 5 mg/kg/day was as good as 10 mg/kg/day. The lower dosage had less toxicity.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation

Chorioretinitis is an unusual form of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated uveitis, and no report has described VZV-associated chorioretinitis using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images obtained during the course of resolution.. A 61-year-old woman presented with acute, unilateral vision loss in her right eye. Her visual acuity was count fingers in the right eye and 16/20 in the left eye, and she exhibited skin vesicles on her right forehead. Slit lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, OCT, and intraocular fluid analysis were performed. The right eye exhibited multiple inflammatory lesions at the posterior pole, macular edema, and disc swelling on the fundus examination. OCT revealed predominant involvement of the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Intraocular fluid analysis showed positivity for VZV. The patient was admitted and treated with intravenous acyclovir. Additional oral prednisolone was used to reduce the inflammatory reaction. After 2 weeks of treatment with acyclovir, the lesion resolved, with undulation of the RPE. Her final visual acuity was 20/20.. VZV-associated posterior uveitis may present as multifocal chorioretinitis. Intraocular fluid analysis is important to detect an infectious origin.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Combined Modality Therapy; Eye Infections, Viral; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Glucocorticoids; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Uveitis, Posterior; Varicella Zoster Virus Infection

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Alprazolam; Antimalarials; Aripiprazole; Chorioretinitis; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Pyrimethamine; Suicide, Attempted; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

Topics: Acyclovir; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chorioretinitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Treatment Failure; Vision Disorders

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Intravenous; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Chromatography, Liquid; Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster; Female; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Plasma; Renal Insufficiency

We describe two young immunocompetent women presenting with bilateral retinitis with outer retinal necrosis involving posterior pole with centrifugal spread and multifocal lesions simulating progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) like retinitis. Serology was negative for HIV and CD4 counts were normal; however, both women were on oral steroids at presentation for suspected autoimmune chorioretinitis. The retinitis in both eyes responded well to oral valaciclovir therapy. However, the eye with the more fulminant involvement developed retinal detachment with a loss of vision. Retinal atrophy was seen in the less involved eye with preservation of vision. Through these cases, we aim to describe a unique evolution of PORN-like retinitis in immunocompetent women, which was probably aggravated by a short-term immunosuppression secondary to oral steroids.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Steroids; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Valacyclovir; Valine; Virus Diseases; Vision Disorders; Young Adult

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Drug Combinations; Exudates and Transudates; Eye Infections, Viral; Fluorescein Angiography; Foscarnet; Glucocorticoids; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Parasympatholytics; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Tropanes; Valacyclovir; Valine

Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Aqueous Humor; Chorioretinitis; DNA, Viral; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Valacyclovir; Valine; Visual Acuity

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; Chickenpox; Chorioretinitis; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluocortolone; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Male; Steroids; Visual Acuity

In the von Szily mouse model, intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) results in inflammation of the ipsilateral anterior segment with relative chorioretinal sparing and destructive contralateral chorioretinitis. We studied the effect of the systemic antiviral agent acyclovir (ACV) and anti-HSV-1 antibody therapy in this model. Contralateral chorioretinitis developed in none of the 18 mice receiving ACV from post-inoculation day (pid) 1 (p < 0.0001), in 6 of 10 (60%) mice when treatment was delayed until pid 7 (p = 0.40) and in 14 of 18 (77%) controls. Contralateral disease developed in 8 of 16 (50%) mice that received anti-HSV-1 antibody from pid 1 (p = 0.02), in 13 of 16 (81%) treated from pid 5 (p = 0.64), in 7 of 8 (87.5%) treated from pid 7 (p = 1.0) and in 17 of 20 (85%) controls. We conclude that early treatment with ACV or anti-HSV-1 antibody reduces the incidence of contralateral chorioretinitis in mice.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Eye Infections, Viral; Female; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C

A large percentage of patients in stage IV of HIV infection (CDC classification) show changes in the ocular fundus. Most frequent are functionally unimportant cotton-wool spots resulting from a HIV-associated microvasculopathy. Infectious retinitis due to opportunistic organisms is in most cases caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Untreated patients may become blind. In case of general or local treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with ganciclovir, sight may be preserved on a long-term basis. The ophthalmoscopic appearance of the typical changes and their histological substrate are presented, and modes of treatment are discussed. By direct ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity testing any physician can diagnose these fundus changes. Cotton-wool spots only require follow-up. In retinitis an ophthalmologist should be consulted. A screening procedure is suggested.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Diseases; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Retinal Diseases; Retinitis

Chickenpox infection in an adult was complicated by peripheral chorioretinitis and treated with oral acyclovir. Similarities of this case to the recently proposed mild type of acute retinal necrosis syndrome are discussed.

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Oral; Adult; Chickenpox; Chorioretinitis; Female; Humans

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acyclovir; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Antiviral Agents; Chorioretinitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Encephalitis; Ganciclovir; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Pneumonia, Viral

A previously healthy 20-year-old man developed bilateral chorioretinitis that included mild anterior uveitis, vitreous cells, multifocal chorioretinitis, and optic nerve swelling that progressed to severe optic neuropathy in one eye. Chorioretinal biopsy specimens cultured herpes simplex type 1 from separate chorioretinal and vitreous samples. Although the visual acuity of one eye remained at light perception, sight in the second eye was saved when treatment with systemic acyclovir and corticosteroids led to resolution of the inflammation. A recurrence was successfully treated with acyclovir alone and the patient shows no evidence of active disease.

Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Chorioretinitis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Male; Prednisolone