acid-phosphatase and Wounds-and-Injuries

This study aims to develop a reproducible rat model for post-traumatic bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). In our previous studies using dental extraction as an inducing factor, only 30%-60% of zoledronate-treated animals fulfilled the definition of clinical BRONJ. We modified the zoledronate regimen and introduced repeated surgical extraction to illicit quantifiable BRONJ in all animals. Eighty retired-breeder female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided between the treatment (i.v. zoledronate; 80 μg/kg/week for 13 weeks) and control (saline) groups. On week 13, the left mandibular first molar was surgically extracted, followed by the second molar a week later. Animals were euthanized at 1-week, 2-weeks, and 8-weeks following extraction. The occurrence and severity of BRONJ were scored in each animal based on gross and MicroCT analysis. Parameters of bone formation and osteoclast functions at the extraction site were compared between groups. All zoledronate-treated animals developed a severe case of BRONJ that fulfilled the clinical definition of the condition in humans. Osteoclast attachment continued to be defective eight weeks after stopping the treatment. There were no signs of kidney or liver toxicity. Our data confirmed that repeated surgical extraction (major trauma) by itself consistently precipitated massive bone necrosis in ZA-treated animals, eliminating the need to induce pre-existing infection or comorbidity. These results will be the basis for further studies examining the in-vivo pathogenesis and prevention of BRONJ.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Diphosphonates; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Imidazoles; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Liver; Mandible; Osteoclasts; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tooth Extraction; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; X-Ray Microtomography; Zoledronic Acid

The soybean vegetative storage proteins, VSP alpha and VSP beta, are acid phosphatases that accumulate to very high levels in hypocotyls, young leaves and flowers and pods. The genes encoding the soybean VSP are activated by jasmonate, wounding, sugars and light and down regulated by phosphate and auxin. In this study, expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene (Atvsp) encoding a protein homologous to soybean Vsp alpha and Vsp beta, was examined and compared to expression of the soybean Vsp genes. Atvsp mRNA was present at high levels in flowers and buds and at low levels in roots, stems, leaves and siliques. Expression of Atvsp in leaves could be induced by wounding or by treatment of illuminated plants with methyl jasmonate and sucrose. Roots of plants with wounded leaves also accumulated Atvsp mRNA indicating that this gene can be regulated by a transmissible wound signal. Phosphate partially inhibited expression of Atvsp. Arabidopsis proteins of 29 and 30 kDa crossreacted with antibodies against soybean VSP. These proteins were very abundant in flowers and the proteins accumulated in leaves and roots of plants treated with methyl jasmonate. The level of these proteins in flowers was similar to the levels of soybean VSP in young soybean leaves. Overall, these data indicate that Arabidopsis Atvsp and soybean VspA/B genes are regulated similarly and that in both plants, the gene products can accumulate to high levels. This suggests that genes homologous to VspA/B may be of greater general significance than previously recognized.

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Blotting, Southern; Blotting, Western; Cyclopentanes; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glycine max; Light; Oxylipins; Phosphates; Plant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Sucrose; Wounds and Injuries

Female sexual assault victims who received medical evaluation at Detroit Receiving Hospital from July to December 1980 and were seen by the Rape Counseling Center (RCC) were evaluated. Data were abstracted from the emergency department record, RCC file, and gynecology clinic; 372 patients were evaluated. One hundred twenty-seven patients (34%) were given DES, including 17 women who had been raped at least once before. Data regarding DES dosage were available only on 34 patients, with 27 stating they took the entire course; 5, an incomplete course; and 2 refusing to answer. DES is still approved for post-coital contraception in rape. However, if there is one major concern about its administration, it is that close follow-up be provided to anticipate or eliminate complications, especially those associated with inadvertent pregnancy. The extremely poor medical follow-up, the surprising lack of an "appropriate chief complaint" when follow-up does occur, the large number of sexual assault victim repeaters in an inner city population, and the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of an urban, inner-city sexual assault victim population which make it impossible to determine the effectiveness of DES are strong arguments for the severe restriction of use of DES in the urban, inner city setting. There is no need for pretreatment GC cultures or VDRL assays. Patients should be treated in conformity with current CDC recommendations. Where a rape counseling center is available, it is suggested that the unit assume close and direct responsibility of directing patients for medical follow-up, regardless of emergency department treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Counseling; Diethylstilbestrol; Emergencies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Medical Records; Michigan; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Pregnancy; Rape; Retrospective Studies; Spermatozoa; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries

The effect of hyperreactivity of the sympathoadrenal system on rat liver lysosomal function during severe mechanical injury induced by compression of soft tissues was studied. Parenteral administration of adrenaline before the animals were exposed to the injury produced no qualitative differences in the response to the lysosomal injury of the organ under study. The response manifested in quantitative alterations--activation of the test lysosomal hydrolases and impairment of membrane stability followed by release of the enzymes to the hepatocyte cytoplasm and then to the systemic circulation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arylsulfatases; Deoxyribonucleases; Epinephrine; Hydrolases; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Ribonucleases; Wounds and Injuries

The early phase of wound repair after liver incisions was investigated by histological, enzyme-histochemical, and biochemical methods in guinea pigs. There are considerable differences in cellular and histochemical reactions in comparison to incisions of the skin: 1. The rapid leukocytic reaction showed little change during the observation interval (48 h). In short survival times epithelial cells show signs of hypoxidosis and loss of glycogen at the edge of an incision. Proliferation of organ-specific and mesenchymal cells was observed after more than 24 h. 2. Alterations of the investigated enzymes in the traumatic area are important diagnostic parameters in the early stages of wound healing. 3. In the early 12 h after injury distinct increase of histamine was observed, while serotonin was noticed to decrease. 4. Therefore, the determination of wound age in the early wound reactions after injuries of the liver should include enzymehistochemical methods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

In 45 patients with multiple injuries due to trauma, admitted consecutively to our clinic, the following enzyme activities were studied, beginning at the onset of treatment: SDH, GPT, GLDH, and acid phosphatase. The mean levels of SDH rose in all patients between 2 and 24 h after trauma. The mean values of GPT were above normal between 2 and 48 h after trauma; this rise was more pronounced and statistically significant in those patients who eventually died of trauma than in the less severely injured ones. Twenty-four hours after trauma, the levels of GLDH were 16 times higher in the first group of patients than in the less severely injured group. These results lead us to the conclusion that through serum level measurements of these enzymes particularly of GPT it is possible to evaluate the degree of tissue damage and the general state of this group of patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Humans; L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; Liver; Male; Prognosis; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Esterases; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Occlusive Dressings; Plastics; Time Factors; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Autopsy; Esterases; Female; Forensic Medicine; Histamine; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Postmortem Changes; Serotonin; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Forensic Medicine; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Lipids; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Rats; RNA; Trophoblasts; Uterine Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Epithelium; Esterases; Fibroblasts; Guinea Pigs; Hair; Histocytochemistry; Leukocytes; Postmortem Changes; Skin; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Depression, Chemical; Edema; Glucuronidase; Guinea Pigs; Hindlimb; Lysosomes; Methylamines; Muscles; Organ Size; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Disease Models, Animal; Esterases; Forensic Medicine; Histocytochemistry; Rats; Skin; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Glucose; Blood Viscosity; Carbon Dioxide; Electrolytes; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hematocrit; Humans; Lactates; Male; Military Medicine; Oxygen; Peptic Ulcer; Prospective Studies; Vietnam; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Forensic Medicine; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Postmortem Changes; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Esterases; Forensic Medicine; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Burns; Freezing; Glucuronidase; Hindlimb; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymph; Lymphatic System; Proteins; Rabbits; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Esterases; Glucosyltransferases; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Male; Muscles; Oxidoreductases; Postmortem Changes; Wounds and Injuries

1. Lymph was collected directly from the hind limb of cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone before and for several hours after the limb was injured.2. After the limb was subjected to very mild injury such as hot water at 50 degrees C or ischaemia for 1 hr there was no increase in protein or enzyme concentrations in the lymph, although after the ischaemia there was an increase in lymph flow.3. After burning the limb at 60 degrees C there was a significant increase in the concentrations of the cytoplasmic enzymes glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase, as a result of an increased permeability of the cell membrane.4. When the limb was burned at 80 degrees C there was a marked increase not only in the cytoplasmic enzymes but also in the mitochondrial enzyme glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Thus with the stronger burn the permeability of the intracellular mitochondrial membrane was also increased.5. Not until the most severe injury of all, i.e. freezing the limb solid, was there an increase in the concentration of lysosomal enzymes in the lymph.6. It is concluded that estimation of intracellular enzymes in the lymph draining an injured tissue affords a method of assessing the extent of cellular injury.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Burns; Cats; Cell Membrane Permeability; Freezing; Glucuronidase; Ischemia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymph; Potassium; Proteins; Transaminases; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Rats; Skin; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Azo Compounds; Histocytochemistry; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Skin; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Glucosyltransferases; Glucuronidase; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Monoamine Oxidase; Pathology; Rats; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Autopsy; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Research; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta; Cell Biology; Dogs; Epithelium; Histocytochemistry; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Mitochondria; NAD; Pharmacology; Renal Artery; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Trimethaphan; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasmic Granules; Eukaryota; Guinea Pigs; Neurons; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; DNA; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Rats; RNA; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Epithelium; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries