acid-phosphatase and Uterine-Neoplasms

Sixteen tumor markers are reviewed, and measured to the ideal: produced by the tumor cell alone absent in health and in benign disease present in all patients with a given malignancy level in the blood representative of tumor mass detectable in occult disease. The only marker that approaches the ideal is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in gestational trophoblastic tumors. In this malignancy, the HCG level suggests the diagnosis and stage, confirms response to therapy, and predicts relapse. The three most widely used and intensely studied tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), and HCG. CEA cannot be used in screening for cancer, but in carcinoma of the colon its elevation preoperatively increases the likelihood of advanced disease and postoperative recurrence. Postoperatively, elevated titers are often but not invariably associated with recurrent disease. AFP and HCG are useful in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors. Like CEA, they cannot be used for screening. They are more likely to be increased with advancing stage, and after therapy rising levels almost always mean recurrent disease. Some markers are valuable in specific circumstances, such as calcitonin in screening for familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In multiple myeloma, immunoglobulins are useful in determining the tumor mass and response to therapy. In neuroblastoma, catecholamine metabolites are useful primarily in making the diagnosis. In some malignancies, the absence of effective therapy lowers the value of the marker, as for AFP in hepatoma. The remaining markers are too unreliable or too little studied to be useful in the management of an individual patient with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with an understanding of the limitations of the present tumor markers that will lead to wiser use of the tests, and to provide standards to which future tumor markers should be measured.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunoglobulins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Parathyroid Hormone; Placental Lactogen; Polyamines; Pregnancy; Trophoblastic Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Amylases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzymes; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipase; Liver Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Myocardial Infarction; Nucleotidases; Pancreas; Transaminases; Uterine Neoplasms

Uterine leiomyomata and histologically normal myometrium were examined by light and electron microscopy. All myometrial samples contained smooth muscle cells with distinctive cytoplasmic inclusions located at the nuclear poles. These were seen in only one case in routine paraffin wax sections, where they appeared as clear vacuoles, but they were more obvious in epoxy resin sections stained with toluidine blue. Staining with Oil Red O and for acid phosphatase was positive at the site of the vacuoles. In ultrathin sections, these structures possessed a single membrane and contained abundant lipid droplets, with a sparse, coarsely granular matrix. They were designated as lipid-rich residual bodies. Such organelles were all but absent from leiomyomata. Lipid-rich residual bodies with the features described here have not been studied in detail before in smooth muscle cells of the human myometrium. The possibility that they arise from the cyclical stimulation of lipid synthesis by ovarian hormones is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Azo Compounds; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Lipids; Menorrhagia; Middle Aged; Myometrium; Organelles; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leiomyoma; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Uterine Neoplasms

In 132 patients suffering from various malignancies, including uterine carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric carcinoma, cancer of the colon, and additionally, patients with uterine myomas and endometriosis an increased activity of AP within the peripheral blood neutrophils could be stated by using a histochemical method. According to the author's opinion an increased activity of that enzyme reflects a response against local inflammatory processes frequently accompanying malignant tumours.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Male; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

A case of a pure heterologous sarcoma of the uterine corpus composed exclusively of rhabdomyosarcomatous elements has been studied by multiple morphologic and biochemical techniques. The neoplasm filled the endometrial cavity and protruded out the cervical os, but the myometrium was only superficially invaded. The tumor did not extend outside the corpus. The pathologic features are discussed in detail. Evidence of striated muscle differentiation could be identified on light microscopic and ultrastructural examination. Immunoperoxidase staining of tumor cells with antibodies to myoglobin were positive. Histochemical preparations for lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase were also positive in neoplastic cells. Other stains gave equivocal or negative results. These findings are discussed in comparison with previous reports.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hysterectomy; Immunoenzyme Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Histochemical investigation of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH was performed with tissues of normal chorionic villi, H. mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma with the following conclusions: 1. In the normal villous tissues, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast, the former two in the rim of the cell, and the latter inside the cytoplasm. LDH displayed higher activity in cytotrophoblast than syncytiotrophoblast, especially in the former of cell column of initial chorionic villi. 2. In H. mole, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast of cystic epithelium, and in this layer and transitional cells of the chrioblastic part, the former two are localized in the rim of the cell, the latter within the cytoplasm. LDH is localized in cytotrophoblast and the transitional cell of the cystic epithelium and the chorioblastosis. 3. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH in invasive mole are closely similar to those in H. mole. 4. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p in choriocarcinoma presented various aspects, but more frequently they are localized in syncytiotrophoblasts in the periphery of focus and also partly in cytotrophoblasts and transitional cells. Also localization and activity of LDH showed diversity. However, the activity is stronger in cytotrophoblast. 5. From those findings, choriocarcinoma is hardly comparable with H. mole or invasive mole from an enzymohistochemical viewpoint and is assumed to have specific enzymic deviation invisible in the others and therefore to possess particular characteristics different from those of any other villous tissues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Choriocarcinoma; Chorion; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

Enzymatic equipment in peripheral blood neutrophils has been determined in 10 women with cervical carcinoma, 5 with carcinoma of the uterus body and 30 women with myomas of the uterus. Using cytochemical techniques the authors observed the intracellular deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase accompanied by diminished absolute count of the enzyme-positive cells as well as the beta-glucuronidase- and the myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils. Lowered activity of the myeloperoxidase was another pattern of cells in question. The acid phosphatase activity of neutrophils in the patients was significantly elevated. It has been suggested that observed intracellular deficiencies of selected enzymes within the neutrophils are of importance with regard to lowered antitumor activity of that cells operating mainly through the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Cytological and cytochemical studies were carried out on benign and malignant tumours of the human corpus uteri. It was found that the Golgi complex was present in the form of granules of crescent-like structure. The elements of Golgi apparatus have two modes of distribution, the perinuclear and scattered types. The activity of acid phosphatase only which was located in the lysosomes had the same topographical configuration as Golgi apparatus. The degree of development of Golgi elements and the activity of both acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatase increased in malignant tumours as compared with benign tumours and normal tissues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Menopause; Middle Aged; Uterine Neoplasms

The modifications of enzymatics activities which involved dehydrogenases (LDH, MDH and G6PDH) alkalines phosphatases (Ph. Alc., ATP/as at Ph 7,2 and Ph 9,4) and hydrolases (Ph Ac. and beta Glu) were studied during the experimental deciduomata evolution in the Rat from the 5th to the 9th day. One the 5th day the uterus were used as control. Dehydrogenases and alkalines phosphatases activites appeared in isolated cells of sub-epithelial and middle antimesometrial stroma on the 5th day. Then, on the 6th day, they distributed themselves in strings of 8 to 10 cells. On the 7th day, they were regulary arranged in the decidual area. The growing decidual tissue was always surrounded by an hydrolysis activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chorion; Decidua; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hydrolases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy; Rats; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

The mononuclear cells in the endometrial stoma change in reactivity for lysosomal hydrolases during the menstrual cycle. Lymphoid follicles may occur in the stroma in any phase of the cycle and have been found in gestational endometrium. However, these cells have no significant lysosomal activity. Alterations in the endometrium are reflected in modified patterns of activity. Endometritis, association with an intrauterine contraceptive device, pregnancy, and adenocarcinoma result in increased numbers and staining intensity of mononuclear cells. In contrast, no consistent changes were apparent in foci of glandular hyperplasia, and decreased staining was seen in atrophic areas of endometrium. These data suggest that interstitial mononuclear cells are a sensitive monitor of morphologic changes in the endometrium.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Atrophy; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometritis; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Hyperplasia; In Vitro Techniques; Intrauterine Devices; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lysosomes; Menstruation; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Radionuclide Imaging; Remission, Spontaneous; Strontium Radioisotopes; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Lipids; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Methods; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Polysaccharides; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Sex Chromatin; Skin Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Endometrium; Estriol; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxyprogesterones; Luteinizing Hormone; Middle Aged; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridines; Adenocarcinoma; Argon; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Colonic Neoplasms; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasm; Female; Fibroma; Histocytochemistry; Hot Temperature; Lasers; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Neoplasms; Photosensitivity Disorders; Radiation Effects; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cathepsins; Decidua; Endometrium; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycoproteins; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Organ Culture Techniques; Uronic Acids; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Lipids; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Rats; RNA; Trophoblasts; Uterine Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Autolysis; Cathepsins; Collagen; Decidua; Endometrium; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Lysosomes; Pregnancy; Pseudopregnancy; Rats; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Androgens; Biopsy; Collagen; Esterases; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Hypothalamus; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leiomyoma; Microscopy, Electron; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Estradiol; Female; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rabbits; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Methods; Middle Aged; Myoma; Nucleic Acids; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipase; Middle Aged; Myoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Connective Tissue; Endometrium; Epithelium; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Inflammation; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; NAD; NADP; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Hydrolases; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Cervix Uteri; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Monoamine Oxidase; Oxidoreductases; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Diseases; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Endometrium; Enzymes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Nucleotidases; Phenazines; Progesterone; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carboxylesterase; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Menopause; Menstruation; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carboxylesterase; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Pathology; Research; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; NAD; Oxidoreductases; Uterine Neoplasms