acid-phosphatase and Urogenital-Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Peptide Fragments; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Steroid; Sialic Acids; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid-phosphatase (PAP) levels in normal controls, and patients with prostate cancer, benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and other urological diseases were examined with a newly developed latex turbidimetric immunoassay (LPIA ACE PSA, LPIA ACE PAP, IATRON LABORATORIES, INC., Tokyo, Japan). The advantageous characteristics of this method are small amount (10 microliters) of serum required and short time (about 20 min.) for performing this assay. There was a high linear correlation between LPIA ACE PSA and MARKIT-F PA (r2 = 0.953), between LPIA ACE PSA and TANDEM-E PSA (r2 = 0.881) and between LPIA ACE PAP and ABBOTT-PAP EIA (r2 = 0.946). When the BPH patients (n = 110) were used as negative controls, the cut-off value of PSA was determined to be 4.3 ng/ml. Using this level as the cut-off value, the sensitivity was 78% (42 positive/54 untreated prostate cancer patients), specificity (negative rate in BPH patients) was 95% and efficiency was 89%. In a follow-up study of prostate cancer, the PSA value was elevated above the cut-off value in 68% at the time of clinical progression. These findings suggest that LPIA ACE PSA is a useful tool for serum PSA measurement. The cut-off value of PAP measured with LPIA ACE PAP was 9.0 ng/ml, which was determined by the same method as PSA. The sensitivity, specificity and efficiency ware 39%, 96% and 77%, respectively. These findings indicate that PAP is less useful than PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urogenital Neoplasms

Clinical and laboratory studies have confirmed the efficacy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH) as tumor markers in the diagnosis, monitoring and assessment of prognosis in cases of testicular tumor. Serum AFP level is positive in 75% of yolk sac tumors, 70% of embryonal carcinomas and 62% of teratomas. All cases of choriocarcinoma show elevated serum hCG. In the treatment of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostatic-specific antigen (PA) and gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) are important serum markers, and the RIA method has improved their specificity and sensitivity. These markers are also correlated well with therapeutic efficacy. Especially, improvement of the serum PAP level in patients with stage C and D cancer indicates prolongation of survival time. Over 90% of the metastatic lesions of prostatic cancer are encountered in the skeletal system. Thus, serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline are considered to be useful markers for indicating bone involvement. In other urological malignancies, there are no specific tumor markers. As non-specific markers for renal cell carcinoma, ESR, LDH, CEA, alpha 2-globulin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and various hormones have been investigated. In the treatment of bladder cancer, it is important to distinguish the malignant potential of the tumor. From this viewpoint, various immunohistochemical investigations and flow cytometric analysis are now in progress. It is expected that some of the findings of the studies could prove to be of clinical use in the near future.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Ferritins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostatic Secretory Proteins; Proteins; Seminal Plasma Proteins; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urogenital Neoplasms

A prospective study was done to evaluate the roles of serum N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) and the lipid-bound subfraction of sialic acid (LSA) concentrations in the detection and staging of cancer, and the follow-up of treatment in patients with genitourinary malignancies. Multiple determinations were obtained in 177 subjects: 90 normal volunteers, 38 patients with prostate cancer, 20 patients with bladder cancer, 15 patients with renal cell cancer, and 14 patients with benign urologic diseases. The results showed a low incidence of elevated values in patients with early stages of cancer and a high incidence of false-positive values with serum NANA concentrations in patients with benign urologic diseases, especially prostatitis. Serum NANA and LSA concentrations were highly correlated with the stage and grade in patients with advanced urologic cancer, and may be used as markers of tumor activity during follow-up under treatment; currently, however, they are not useful in the screening of patients for urologic cancer. Their usefulness in prostatic cancer is at least comparable to that of acid phosphatase determinations by the enzymatic and radioimmunoassay methods, which were elevated in a smaller percentage of patients with prostate cancer than were the NANA or LSA concentrations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sialic Acids; Urogenital Neoplasms

The level of serum gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) was determined by enzyme immunoassay using an EIA gamma-Sm test kit in 32 patients with prostatic cancer (before treatment for 12 and after treatment was started for 20), 24 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy and 22 patients with other urogenital cancer. A gamma-Sm level of over 4.0 ng/ml was considered to be positive. The positive rate was 43.8% in prostatic cancer patients (83.3% before and 20.0% after treatment), 25.0% in benign prostate hypertrophy and 0% in other urogenital cancer. Since the positive rate of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was 34.3% in prostatic cancer patients (75.0% before and 10.0% after treatment) and 16.7% in benign prostate hypertrophy patients, gamma-Sm may be more sensitive but less specific as an indicator of prostatic cancer in PAP. In 9 patients with prostatic cancer before treatment, the levels of serum gamma-Sm and PAP were serially determined for up to 11 months. The level of gamma-Sm decreased in 7 patients, and PAP in all patients after hormone therapy. One patient showed a consistently positive gamma-Sm level and the level of the others became positive only for gamma-Sm during follow-up. There was a statistical correlation between the levels of serum gamma-Sm and PAP in patients with prostatic cancer (r = 0.595, p less than 0.01), in patients with benign prostate hypertrophy (r = 0.882, p less than 0.01) and also in the patients in both groups together (r = 0.590, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Secretory Proteins; Seminal Plasma Proteins; Urogenital Neoplasms

Since 1976, we have transplanted 82 urological neoplasms into nude mice, 46 of which (56%) took. Thirty five of them (43% of the total tumors) are being serially transplanted. This rate of success seems to be better than that obtained at other institutes for both neoplasms of urogenital as well as other tissue origin. The explants basically retained the original characteristics of the native tumors not only in histological pattern but also in tumor markers, even after a long term period of heterotransplantation. However, the histological features of some tumor lines seemed to be reduced. A certain cell population was lost during repeated transplantations. Such a clonal selection may have resulted from the outgrowth of the cell population capable of adapting to the transplanted environment. Nevertheless heterotransplantation experiments in nude mice are one of the most valuable tools in various cancer research including that in the urological field since a rather high percentage of urologic malignancies take while retaining their original characteristics for a long time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Palpation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

The association between cancer and the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-BB) was investigated, and the possibility of the role of CK-BB as a tumor marker was assessed. With the use of a specific radioimmunoassay, the concentration of CK-BB was measured in 524 sera (obtained from the National Cancer Institute-Mayo Clinic Serum Diagnostic Bank) from patients with a variety of benign and malignant disorders. In 79 of these sera, the results of radioimmunoassay for CK-BB were compared to those of three radioimmunoassays for prostate acid phosphatase. Abnormal CK-BB concentrations occurred in only about 11% of the 366 cancer patients. Some groups of cancer patients had higher rates; e.g., the CK-BB concentration was elevated in 29% of the prostate cancer patients. However, prostate acid phosphatase was abnormal in 65% of the patients with prostate carcinoma--a considerable higher fraction than that found with CK-BB. Findings in patients with benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases indicate that CK-BB complements carcinoembryonic antigen data and might be useful as part of a tumor marker panel.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Prostate; Radioimmunoassay; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Kidney Injury; Aftercare; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Urea; Urogenital Neoplasms; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cyclophosphamide; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Mitosis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Sex Factors; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorimetry; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Transaminases; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Membrane Permeability; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Urogenital Neoplasms; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Serum; Urinary Tract; Urogenital Neoplasms; Urogenital System