acid-phosphatase and Urinary-Bladder-Neoplasms

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract is a rare neoplasm whose histogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. We have examined six specimens of clear cell adenocarcinomas collected from three institutions using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. Results indicate that almost all clear cell adenocarcinomas of this region express morphological and antigenic features, suggesting müllerian differentiation, and that müllerian differentiation is not a feature of either nonclear cell adenocarcinomas or normal female paraurethral glands. Including the authors' six specimens, 46 specimens have been reported in the available English literature. The accumulated experience confirms the initial impression that these tumors develop predominantly in the urethras of women and occur over a wide age range. Despite high stage at diagnosis, most patients have been alive with no evidence of disease when reported, a prognosis that seems to apply regardless of length of follow-up.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Adult; Aged; CA-125 Antigen; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urethra; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Immunodiagnosis of prostate cancer is at a more advanced stage than that of most other tumors. Two well-known markers, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, have been used in the clinical management of patients. Prostate-specific antigen is a more sensitive and reliable marker than prostatic acid phosphatase. Serum prostate-specific antigen is effective in monitoring disease status, predicting recurrence, and detecting residual disease. Prostate-specific antigen is a tool for the histological differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas, especially in the identification of metastatic prostate tumor cells in distant organs and in the differentiation of primary prostate carcinoma from poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Few data on biological function are available. Prostatic acid phosphatase functions as a phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen as a protease. Physiological function in the prostate remains to be elucidated. Several of the prostate-specific and prostate-tumor-associated antigens, as well as a putative prostate tumor-specific antigen, as recognized by monoclonal antibodies are available. Clinical evaluation of these potential markers is not yet available.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immunologic Tests; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Serum Globulins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

We report two transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells that stained for vimentin and acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate) and were negative for cytokeratin and lysozyme. One tumour, in a 65-year-old man, was composed of papillary transitional cell carcinoma, invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma with a prominent spindle cell component and numerous osteoclast-type giant cells; repeat curettage 2 months later showed no residual tumour. The second tumour occurred in a 75-year-old woman who underwent a radical cystectomy for a deeply invasive transitional cell carcinoma with a spindle and anaplastic giant cell component and areas containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells. Osteoclast-type giant cells, which appear to be reactive, should be distinguished from the neoplastic giant cells of giant cell carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Osteoclasts; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

A 62-year-old male was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of gross-hematuria and miction pain. Cystoscopic examination revealed non-papillary tumor around the orifice of the left ureter and the left wall. Histopathological findings of the biopsy specimen demonstrated signet-ring cell carcinoma, and the specimen was stained positively by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. No malignant findings in any other organs including gastrointestinal tract and prostate were detected. This patient underwent total cystectomy with ileal conduit and histopathological staging was pT3bNOMO. He was followed with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis for 29 months after operation. The 45 reported cases with primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder including our case are reviewed and some characteristics of this entry are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Peptide Fragments; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Steroid; Sialic Acids; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromosome Aberrations; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Immunochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Cell Surface; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms

For primary bladder tumors, distinguishing urothelial carcinoma (UC) invading the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate (pT4a) from in situ UC involving prostatic ducts can be difficult. Immunohistochemical markers (cytokeratin [CK]5/6, CK5, CK7, CK20, p53, p63, high-molecular-weight keratin [HMWK], androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate specific acid phosphatase [PSAP], laminin, CD44s, CD141) were assessed for their usefulness in determining depth of UC invasion in the prostate. In cystoprostatectomy specimens containing in situ UC in prostatic ducts, both CK5/6 and CK5 clearly differentiated prostatic basal cells from in situ UC. The remaining markers were not effective in determining depth of tumor invasion. Double-stain combinations CK7/CK5 and p53/CK5 were performed and robustly color contrasted in situ tumor from surrounding basal cells. The use of CK5/6, CK5, CK7/CK5, or p53/CK5 is recommended to assist in determining the depth of UC invasion in the prostate when histologic findings are equivocal.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma in Situ; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Keratin-20; Keratin-5; Keratin-6; Keratin-7; Laminin; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urothelium

Adenocarcinomas of the bladder are rare, with the diagnosis dependent on exclusion of secondary involvement by direct extension or metastatic spread from other sites. The recent description of an unusual form of urothelial-type mucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma raises a novel differential diagnosis between adenocarcinomas of the prostate and bladder, and investigation into the utility of classic prostatic immunohistochemical antigens in bladder adenocarcinoma is warranted. We identified 37 primary infiltrating adenocarcinomas of the bladder, which included signet ring cell carcinomas (n=11), urachal adenocarcinomas (n=5), and enteric adenocarcinoma (n=21). Also included for comparison were 3 cases, each of bladder villous adenomas and bladder adenocarcinoma in situ. Tissue microarrays were constructed from each case, with each specimen represented by multiple 1.0-mm cores to assess for tumor protein heterogeneity. Immunohistochemistry for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), P501S (prostein), and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was performed, and moderate to strong immunoreactivity was considered a positive result. Of the 37 adenocarcinomas, all were negative for PSA and PSAP (0/37; 0%). In contrast, a minority of bladder adenocarcinomas was labeled with the prostate antigens P501S and PSMA. P501S showed moderate diffuse cytoplasmic staining in 4/37 cases (11%), including 3 enteric-type adenocarcinomas and 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma. Additionally, 1 case of adenocarcinoma in situ demonstrated diffuse cytoplasmic staining for P501S. The granular perinuclear staining pattern of P501S typically seen in prostatic adenocarcinoma was absent in all cases of bladder adenocarcinoma. PSMA showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in 4/37 (11%) infiltrating adenocarcinomas (including 1 signet ring carcinoma and 3 enteric-type adenocarcinomas), and in 1 case of adenocarcinoma in situ. Membranous PSMA staining was evident in an additional 3 tumors, 1 urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 nonurachal mucinous and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma, and 1 nonurachal villous adenoma. In conclusion, although all cases of bladder adenocarcinoma examined were negative for PSA and PSAP, the surprising finding that a subset of invasive and in situ adenocarcinomas of the bladder demonstrated immunoreactivity for P501S and PSMA should warrant caution when using these markers in differentiating prostatic from bladder adenocarcinomas. The lack o

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Villous; Antigens, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Membrane Proteins; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Tissue Array Analysis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary tract is a chemosensitive tumor. Most deaths from TCC of the urinary tract are caused by metastasis, which is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Frequent sites of metastases from TCC of the urinary tract are regional lymph nodes, liver, lung, and bone. Of these distant metastases, bone metastasis is consistently resistant to cisplatin-based conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether or not a newly developed minodronate, YM529, could prevent osteolytic bone metastasis of human TCC and also enhance the effect of docetaxel in a bone tumor model of athymic nude mice.. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of in vitro treatment with minodronate and/or docetaxel on the proliferation by cell count, the induction of apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the biological activity of osteoclast by pit formation assay in human bladder cancer cell line, UMUC-14, and mouse osteoclast cells. In vivo, we examined the effect of minodronate in a bone tumor model of athymic nude mice, in which the percutaneous intraosseal injection in the tibia of UMUC-14, leads to osteolytic bone tumor, as a bone metastasis model. To examine whether or not minodronate could inhibit tumorigenicity and enhance the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, we gave minodronate i.p. and/or docetaxel i.p. to nude mice 3 days after an intraosseal tumor implantation. Moreover, proliferation and the induction of apoptosis of cancer cells and osteoclasts in bone tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL assay.. In vitro: In vitro treatment with docetaxel inhibited proliferation and resorption pit-forming activity and induced apoptosis of mouse osteoclast cells and UMUC-14 cells. In vitro treatment with minodronate inhibited proliferation and activity and induced apoptosis of mouse osteoclast cells but not UMUC-14 cells. The treatment with minodronate enhanced the inhibition of proliferation and activity by docetaxel in osteoclasts. In vivo: In vivo combination therapy with docetaxel and minodronate significantly reduced the tumor incidence compared with the control (P < 0.05) and also growth of intraossal TCC in athymic nude mice compared with the control (P < 0.001), single therapy with docetaxel (P < 0.01), and minodronate (P < 0.05). Drug-induced body weight loss was not significantly different in any treatment group. Therapy with minodronate significantly enhanced inhibition of proliferation by docetaxel in osteoclasts of bone tumors compared with the control (P < 0.01), single therapy with docetaxel (P < 0.01), and minodronate (P < 0.05).. These studies indicate that combination therapy with minodronate and docetaxel may be beneficial in patients with bone metastasis of human TCC in the urinary tract.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apoptosis; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diphosphonates; Docetaxel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Imidazoles; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Osteoblasts; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Taxoids; Tibia; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

In vitro and experimental studies of mesenchymal-epithelial interaction for the prostatic stroma have demonstrated that the prostatic stroma is capable of inducing the nonprostatic epithelium to acquire many features of prostatic epithelium. We investigated whether this phenomenon could be observed in vivo in human prostatic stroma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder: (a) 20 with glandular lumen; (b) 20 without glandular lumen: (c) 10 mixed TCC-adenocarcinoma (ACA); and (d) 10 with synchronous or metachronous TCC of the prostate; and three primary TCC of the prostate were examined and submitted for immunostaining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA).. There was a spectrum of immunostaining for PSA ranging from negative reactivity in TCC without glandular lumen of the urinary bladder, to focal and weak reactivity in single cells with varying degrees of nonmucinous glandular differentiation and to strong reactivity in groups of cells in primary and synchronous or metachronous TCC in the prostate. The areas of carcinoma geographically closest to the prostate and with the most extensive nonmucinous glandular differentiation displayed the most frequent and strongest immunoreactivity for PSA. The immunoreactivity for PAP was usually stronger than for PSA. Four cases of TCC and mixed TCC-ACA were immunoreactive only for PAP. Furthermore, there was a change in the phenotype of TCC in the urinary bladder as it spread into the prostate. For 10 TCC in the urinary bladder with synchronous or metachronous tumor in the prostate, all TCC in the urinary bladder were negative for PAP and PSA, whereas six TCC in the prostate were focally positive.. The spectrum of immunoreactivity for PAP and PSA and the change in immunoreactivity of TCC of the urinary bladder as it spreads into the prostate are likely induced by the prostatic stroma through the mechanism of mesenchymal-epithelial interaction. Prostate 47:172-182, 2001.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

We report herein a case of a collision tumor composed of high-grade urothelial carcinoma and a Gleason grade 3+4 prostate adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the same lymph node. After the patient underwent cystoprostatectomy for known urothelial carcinoma, he was incidentally discovered to have a second primary prostate tumor. Lymph node examination revealed that one node appeared to have metastatic foci from both primary tumors. The presence of 2 tumor types colliding in the same lymph node was confirmed using immunohistochemical stains, including monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, cytokeratins 7 and 20, and CD57. We also stained both primary tumors with the same panel as an internal control. Although 2 similar collision tumors have been reported in the literature in the past, neither used a battery of immunohistochemical stains to definitively distinguish one tumor from the other. Herein, we review the literature on urothelial and prostate collision tumors and some of the special stains used to distinguish them.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; CD57 Antigens; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratin-20; Keratin-7; Keratins; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Adenocarcinomas may arise primarily from the urinary bladder, but secondary involvement from adenocarcinomas arising in adjacent organs is more common. In the present study we tried to differentiate primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas arising from the surrounding organs, based on their antigen profiles in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. We analysed the staining results using stepwise linear discriminant analysis.. We investigated the usefulness of a panel of antibodies against cytokeratin 7, E48, cytokeratin 20, PSA, PSAP, CEA, vimentin, OC125 and HER-2/neu, to discriminate primary bladder adenocarcinoma from adenocarcinomas arising from the prostate, urachus, colon, cervix, ovary and endometrium. In the differential diagnosis with urinary bladder adenocarcinoma, an overall correct classification was reached for 77% and 81% of urachal and colonic carcinomas, respectively, using CEA, for 93% of prostatic adenocarcinomas using PSA, for 82% and 70% of cervical and ovarian adenocarcinomas, respectively, using OC125, and for 91% of endometrial adenocarcinomas using vimentin. Adding other antibodies did not improve the classification results for any of these differential diagnoses.. For the surgical pathologist, a panel of antibodies consisting of CEA, PSA, OC125 and vimentin is helpful to differentiate primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas originating from prostate and endometrium, less helpful in differentiation with urachal carcinoma, and not helpful in differentiation with colonic, cervical and ovarian carcinoma.

Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; CA-125 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Diagnosis, Differential; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Glycoproteins; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratin-20; Keratin-7; Keratins; Male; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Receptor, ErbB-2; Urachus; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vimentin

The clinico-pathological features of nine urethral and urinary bladder polyps with prostate-type epithelium are described. The average age of the patients was 46 years. Three patients previously had cystoscopy and the lesion was not noticed on the initial examination. The commonest presentation in this series was haematuria, dysuria and frequency of micturition. One patient presented with postmicturition dribble and another with haemospermia. The polyps contained acini and papillae lined by prostate-type epithelium which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests for prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase. In this series no age versus location relationship could be established. Symptoms resolved following resection or initial biopsy followed by fulguration. Recurrence is extremely rare.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Epithelium; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Polyps; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The nested variant of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC-NV) is a rare neoplasm; only eight cases have been described. This report reviews the clinicopathologic features of 16 additional examples. The cases were collected from consultations received during a 13-year period. In most instances, a consultation was sought because the histologic features suggested an atypical proliferation of Brunn's nests or a lesion similar to the previously published examples of TCC-NV. Clinical data were gathered and tissues were studied to exclude prostatic cancer and adenocarcinoma. TCC-NV is characterized by the presence of irregular nests and/or tubules of transitional cells infiltrating the lamina propria without surface involvement. Neoplastic cells tend to have innocuous features but at least a few cells in every case are cytologically anaplastic. There is a marked male predominance. Synchronous or metachronous TCCs of more usual histologic make-up may occur. After a follow-up averaging 16.6 months, only three patients are known to be alive with no evidence of disease. Clinicopathologic information from our 16 cases combined with the 8 previously reported examples confirms that TCC-NV is a persistent and aggressive neoplasm notable for its innocuous appearance in histologic preparations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

We quantified cathepsin D by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and quantitative immunohistochemistry in fifteen human prostate cancers, seventeen BPH, and nine normal prostates. The cytosolic cathepsin D concentration was higher in prostatic carcinoma (mean: 31.5 pmol/mg cytosol proteins; range: 10.2-66.2) than in normal prostate (16.0 pmol/mg cytosol proteins; 7.2-25.5; P = 0.01). Prostatic hyperplasia showed intermediate values (20.2 pmol/mg cytosol proteins; 7.6-33.9). Immunostaining of cathepsin D and prostatic acid phosphatase on serial frozen sections of prostate tissues was only observed in glandular epithelial cells. Immunostaining was quantified by computer-assisted image analysis as an quantitative immuno-cytochemical score (QIC score) expressed in arbitrary units (A.U.). QIC scores for cathepsin D were dispersed and had a tendency to be higher in benign prostatic hyperplasia (mean: 178.3 A.U.; range: 95-297) compared to normal prostate (85.2 A.U.; 2-173 P < 0.01) and prostatic carcinoma (90.0 A.U.; 21-179 P = 0.0002). Prostatic cathepsin D levels in cytosols or immunostaining sections were independent of other clinicobiological parameters.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cathepsin D; Cytosol; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Eleven male patients with pelvic malignancy underwent laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for staging of their tumors. The technique allowed removal of pelvic lymph nodes in all 11 patients and metastatic disease was found in five cases, resulting in a change of recommended therapy. The technique was via a three-port exposure, although a fourth suprapubic port was occasionally used for additional retraction. A bladder laceration, which was repaired laparoscopically, was the only intraoperative complication. A pelvic hematoma was the only significant postoperative complication. Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy appears to offer a less morbid staging for those patients with a high likelihood of nodal metastasis. Laparoscopic detection of positive pelvic lymph nodes may alter the management of genitourinary malignancy and improve overall patient care.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Dissection; Electrocoagulation; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Laparoscopes; Laparoscopy; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Pelvis; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; Posture; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Therapeutic Irrigation; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Video Recording

Nile blue derivatives have been shown to be potentially effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors. Results of a previous study suggested that the high accumulation of these dyes in cells may be the result of dye aggregation, partition in membrane lipids, and/or sequestration in subcellular organelles. In this report, results of studies are presented from an investigation of the subcellular localization and mechanism of accumulation of these dyes in cells in vitro. A video-enhanced fluorescence microscopy was used, and a punctate pattern of fluorescence was seen, most of which was localized in the perinuclear region with extracellular dye concentrations between 1 to 100 nM. These particles resembled characteristic particles identified by standard lysosomal dyes. At higher dye concentrations (1 microM or above), fluorescence in the perinuclear region was too intense to resolve into discrete cellular structures, while fluorescence in other cellular structures including mitochondria and cytomembranes was visible. At even higher dye concentrations (10-100 microM), Nile blue derivatives were seen with a light microscope as blue particles, the size and location of which resembled the punctate fluorescence described above. Results which further suggest that the lysosome is the main site of dye localization include (a) histochemical staining of dye-loaded cells with the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase, which showed similar localization of the enzyme-staining and dye-containing particles, (b) phototreatment of dye-loaded cells which obliterated the majority of the acid phosphatase-stained particles, and (c) treatments with agents affecting the membrane pH gradient reduced the uptake and enhanced the efflux of dyes, while agents that alter cellular membrane potentials had no effect on dye accumulation. The uptake of the dyes was partially inhibited by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation indicating that at least part of the process is energy dependent. These findings, together with previous results showing that the cellular uptake of these dyes is highly concentrative and proportional to the extracellular dye concentration over a wide range, are consistent with the hypothesis that the dyes are mainly localized in the lysosomes via an ion-trapping mechanism. Results of the present study also suggest that the lysosomes may be an intracellular target for photodynamic killing of tumor cells mediated by Nile blue photosensitizers

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Kinetics; Lysosomes; Molecular Structure; Nigericin; Ouabain; Oxazines; Photochemotherapy; Potassium; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Valinomycin

Six cases of urinary bladder mucosa with prostate-type epithelium were studied clinically, morphologically, and immunohistochemically. All patients were male with an average age of fifty-three years; most presented with painless hematuria. Histologically, two types of lesions were observed, the polypoid located in various sites of the bladder wall and the flat lesion found in the bladder neck. Both lesions shared in common a prostatic-type and transitional surface epithelium while prostatic-type glands were prominent in the polypoid lesion. The prostatic-type epithelium was confirmed immunohistochemically by detection of prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. Based on specific findings we considered the metaplasia as the most reliable histogenetic aspect.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Choristoma; Epithelium; Hematuria; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

We report two cases of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of urinary bladder associated with papillary transitional cell tumours. Both cases were morphologically identical to giant cell tumour of bone. The giant cells stained strongly for acid phosphatase which was resistant to tartrate digestion, a staining reaction typical of osteoclasts. In view of the ability of urinary bladder to induce metaplastic and neoplastic bone, we believe that these tumours may represent extraosseous giant cell tumours of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

The continuous cell lines T 24 and HT-29, derived from human bladder and colon carcinomas, produce term-placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase, respectively. Growth in hyperosmolar medium or exposure to prednisolone or sodium butyrate induces increased enzyme levels, and combinations of inducers elicit synergistic activity increases. The effect of the inducing agents is strikingly diminished when cells are grown in the presence of high concentrations of human serum, and the synergistic increases are essentially abolished. Major human serum protein fractions do not affect alkaline phosphatase induction.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Colonic Neoplasms; Enzyme Induction; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Osmolar Concentration; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Clinical and laboratory studies have confirmed the efficacy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH) as tumor markers in the diagnosis, monitoring and assessment of prognosis in cases of testicular tumor. Serum AFP level is positive in 75% of yolk sac tumors, 70% of embryonal carcinomas and 62% of teratomas. All cases of choriocarcinoma show elevated serum hCG. In the treatment of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostatic-specific antigen (PA) and gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) are important serum markers, and the RIA method has improved their specificity and sensitivity. These markers are also correlated well with therapeutic efficacy. Especially, improvement of the serum PAP level in patients with stage C and D cancer indicates prolongation of survival time. Over 90% of the metastatic lesions of prostatic cancer are encountered in the skeletal system. Thus, serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline are considered to be useful markers for indicating bone involvement. In other urological malignancies, there are no specific tumor markers. As non-specific markers for renal cell carcinoma, ESR, LDH, CEA, alpha 2-globulin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and various hormones have been investigated. In the treatment of bladder cancer, it is important to distinguish the malignant potential of the tumor. From this viewpoint, various immunohistochemical investigations and flow cytometric analysis are now in progress. It is expected that some of the findings of the studies could prove to be of clinical use in the near future.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Fifteen urinary bladder adenocarcinomas and nine bladder tumors with mixed glandular and transitional features were studied with antisera to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). The study was repeated with antisera from different companies to assess the reproducibility of the results. Of the 11 adenocarcinomas in men, three were positive for PSAP. Of the five tumors with mixed glandular and transitional features in men, one showed PSAP immunoreactivity. In the female subjects, PSAP staining was seen in two of the four adenocarcinomas and two of the four mixed glandular and transitional cell carcinomas. None of the tumors seen in either the male or female groups was considered positive for PSA.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Digestive System Neoplasms; Epitopes; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Twenty prostate glands from patients with either high-grade papillary tumors (19 patients, 15 of whom also had peripheral carcinoma in situ) or multifocal carcinoma in situ (1 patient) of the bladder who underwent cystoprostatectomy were studied histologically by mapping. Prostatic duct involvement by urothelial carcinoma was noted in nine patients, two with extensive involvement and seven with focal involvement confined to periurethral ducts. Carcinoma in situ of the bladder was observed in each of the nine patients and intraepithelial permeation appeared to be the predominant manner of spread of cancer cells into the prostate. The prostatic involvement was clinically silent and it may be a potential source of failure of conservative modalities of treatment of high-grade bladder cancer. A routine diagnostic transurethral prostatic biopsy may be recommended in the workup of patients with carcinoma in situ and high-grade carcinomas of the bladder. An incidental observation was the presence of 14 occult prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma in Situ; Ejaculatory Ducts; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma in two prostates heavily affected by schistosomiasis was determined immunohistochemically by localization of two prostatic specific markers and keratin. The demonstration of prostatic specific antigen and keratin served to differentiate between metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma associated with prostatic schistosomiasis from other prostatic and urinary bladder neoplasms.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Schistosomiasis; Seminal Vesicles; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Keratin was found in more than 90% of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder in the cytoplasma with polyclonal antibodies. Intensity increased with dedifferentiation. Cytokeratin was detected with monoclonal antibodies in more than 80%. Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was always strongly positive for keratin and cytokeratin. CEA was found in 20% of G1 and 40% of G2 and G3 carcinomas of the urinary bladder. The prostatic epithelium markers PSA and PAP were always negative also Ca1.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

5 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate, which represent 1.5% of a series of 323 consecutive prostatic carcinomas, are presented. The cases with possible prostatic involvement by contiguity from a bladder carcinoma as well as those tumors with a transitional pattern which contain prostatic acid phosphatase in the cellular cytoplasm have been ruled out to make the diagnosis. The mean age of the tumoral onset is 70 years with an identical symptomatology to that of the adenocarcinoma. In 20% of the cases it is associated with an adenocarcinoma and in 40% with a bladder carcinoma without contiguity. The mean survival is 10.6 months with 60% succumbing within the first 6 months. Our findings agree with all authors in considering this type of tumor an urothelial neoplasia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

A case of papillary adenocarcinoma, developed on the urinary bladder neck is reported. This tumor is histologically identical to so called endometrial carcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed acid phosphatases and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) positive cells. Electron microscopy disclosed secretory vacuoles consistent with a prostatic origin. The histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma is briefly discussed likewise the precise site of origin of the reported case.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cytoplasm; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vacuoles

Serum levels of fucosyltransferase (FT), phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), Tennessee antigen (TAG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostatic acid phosphate (PAP) were determined in 75 healthy individuals and in 86 patients with prostatic carcinoma and 38 patients with bladder tumors. The discrimination capacities of the different markers were compared by using inverse distribution plots. At a rate of 5% false positive values the sensitivities for bladder tumors were: FT 30%, TPA 24%, CEA 16%, TAG 15%. The sensitivities for prostatic carcinoma were: PAP 63%, PHI 36%, TPA 18%, CEA 14%, TAG 14%.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Fucosyltransferases; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is rare. It is necessary to exclude extraprostatic primary sources, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary bladder. Immunoperoxidase stain can serve the purpose of differential diagnosis. Usually, the presence of mucin in prostatic carcinoma is associated with a less aggressive tumor.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Mucins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The clinicohistologic features of seven urethral and four urinary bladder polyps with prostatic-type epithelium are described. The average age of the patients was 50 years. Seven patients had prior cystoscopies and in none of them was the lesion noted initially. Histologically the lesions were papillary or polypoid and the surface was lined predominantly by prostatic-type epithelium with interspersed transitional epithelial cells or by transitional epithelium with interspersed prostatic-type epithelial cells. The prostatic-type columnar cells contained foamy, faintly eosinophilic cytoplasm, which stained strongly for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. In all the lesions, there were prostatic acini in the underlying fibrovascular stroma, which was devoid of smooth muscle. The intermingling of prostatic-type cells and transitional epithelium, on the surface of the polyps, the absence of lesions at previous cystoscopies, the coexistence of cystitis cystica glandularis (a metaplastic lesion), and the older age group of our patients suggest that the prostatic-type epithelium in the polyps of urethra and urinary bladder is an acquired lesion, most likely a metaplastic response of transitional epithelium, which embryologically was multipotential.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cystitis; Epithelium; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Polyps; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Urethra; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Twenty prostatic adenocarcinomas, 20 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, and 20 colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained for epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase. Polyclonal affinity purified first and second antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used. All of the colorectal and bladder tumours and 16/20 prostatic tumours were positive for epithelial membrane antigen. All 20 colorectal, 7/20 bladder, and 5/20 prostatic tumours stained for carcinoembryonic antigen. All of the prostatic adenocarcinomas and none of the colorectal or bladder tumours were positive for prostatic acid phosphatase. These markers may be used to discriminate between tumours arising from these sites.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Surface; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mucin-1; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Antigens, Viral; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Hybridomas; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms

The haemoglobin-F levels and F-cell numbers were assessed in 19 patients with different urogenital cancers. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), total and prostatic acid phosphatase levels were also measured. HbF levels were found to be elevated in patients with testicular and prostatic cancer. No significant correlation was observed between HbF, AFP and beta HCG levels. The findings suggest that HbF production could be enhanced in patients with testicular and prostatic carcinomas and might be a useful marker to the disease activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Fetal Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder, detailing red cell surface blood group antigenic phenotypes, serum haptoglobin phenotypes, and some red cell isoenzyme phenotypes. Account is taken of the stage of the disease at presentation. The results are compared with corresponding phenotype frequencies in groups of presumed healthy persons originating either in Yorkshire or County Durham. Differences in relative incidences were found in the haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and some other systems. These are both differences between all cases and controls and between particular stages at presentation and controls.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adenylate Kinase; Adult; Aged; Blood Group Antigens; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Female; Haptoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphoglucomutase; Polymorphism, Genetic; United Kingdom; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Recent reports on transfection of mouse cells with DNA from the established human urinary bladder cancer cell lines T24, J82 and EJ (MGH-U1), and the presence of an identical genetic modification in T24 and EJ cells have led us to examine the identity of these and other cultures of urothelial origin. By the criteria of HLA-A-B-C typing 7 and isozyme analysis, we conclude that EJ (MGH-U1) and some cultures of J82 are in fact T24 cells. However, five other bladder cancer cell lines, J82 (CO'T), RT4, RT112, TCCSuP and SCaBER, are clearly distinct from T24 by HLA typing (ref. 7) and/or isozyme patterns.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Line; Histocompatibility Testing; HLA Antigens; Humans; Isoenzymes; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The introduction of immunoperoxidase and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique made important contributions in histopathologic diagnosis of prostatic cancer. This staining can be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue which is usually available. We have used this histopathologic staining technique in 56 patients. The tissues include primary and metastatic prostatic cancer tissue in addition to normal renal pelvis and bladder tissue from other patients. Our data indicate that acid phosphatase can be localized in prostatic cells but not in transitional cells. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining of prostatic acid phosphatase seems most useful to identify metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma or primary tumor and to differentiate them from intraductal prostatic transitional carcinoma or other transitional cell carcinomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Palpation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB) was detected in abnormal amounts in serum samples from 11 of 46 patients with Stage D carcinoma of the prostate by electrophoresis. Thirteen of 46 Stage D patients had elevated acid phosphatase values and 10 of these 13 had elevated CK-BB. CK-BB elevations were less frequent in earlier stages of prostatic cancer; Stage C: 0 of 35, Stage B: 1 of 26, Stage A: 0 of 3 and none in a group of 35 with BPH, prostatitis and bladder cancer. Results of CK-BB by a specific radioimmunoassay correlated well with those obtained by electrophoresis in most cases. Several patients were followed over time and data on CK-BB is presented for this interval. The origin of the CK-BB is still unclear. The BB isoenzyme predominates in prostatic tissue and CK-BB is the fetal form of the enzyme in human muscle and myocardium. The increase in serum CK-BB may be related to increased release of the isoenzyme, either from the prostate itself or from a metastatic lesion, or may represent a release of the fetal form of the enzyme from dedifferentiated tumor tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Creatine Kinase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Erythropoietin; Estrone; Female; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Isoenzymes; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Placental Lactogen; Polyamines; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Cell Surface; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Child; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dogs; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Diseases

During the past several years the development of radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques to detect small amounts of marker in the sera and cancer cells of cancer patients has made a significant impact on the diagnosis and management of certain cancers. Among these markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein have been useful in the staging, detection of recurrence, prognosis, and management of testicular cancer. In this article the recent developments and future perspectives concerning these and other newer markers are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Steroid; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cystoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Diseases

The suggested activity of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil as single agents in the treatment of advanced prostate and/or transitional cell carcinoma led us to examine the response to these drugs used in combination. Combination chemotherapy has the theoretical advantages of additive antitumor effect without additive toxicity to the host. One of 8 patients with Stage D, endocrine unresponsive prostatic adenocarcinoma achieved an objective response. There were five stable and one subjective responses. Only 1 patient showed progression during the initial six-week trial. Two of 3 patients with transitional cell carcinoma had an objective response. This three-drug combination was well tolerated by elderly patients and on the basis of this small series further trials are warranted.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluorouracil; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adenylate Kinase; Cell Line; Gene Frequency; HeLa Cells; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphates; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nucleotidases; Papilloma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Prostatic infarction is a relatively frequent complication of adenoma of the bladder neck. Nevertheless its importance is minimal as compared with infarctions of vital organs like the brain, heart, lungs or kidneys. General and local factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. Besides other factors, it may contribute to the development of acute retention. Attention is called to the difficulties of differential diagnosis at both gross and microscopic examinations. A misdiagnosis is most frequently made in neoplastic diseases of the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infarction; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urination Disorders

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy, Needle; Catheterization; Cystoscopy; Dilatation; Endoscopy; Humans; Male; Massage; Physical Examination; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectum; Urethra; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; HeLa Cells; Humans; Osmolar Concentration; Prednisolone; Stimulation, Chemical; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Deoxyribonucleases; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; DNA, Neoplasm; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleotidases; Ribonucleases; RNA, Neoplasm; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autopsy; Carcinoma; Chromaffin System; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pheochromocytoma; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain, Intractable; Radionuclide Imaging; Remission, Spontaneous; Strontium Radioisotopes; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; DNA, Neoplasm; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; RNA, Neoplasm; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Dogs; Female; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; NAD; Naphthalenes; Papilloma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Nucleotidases; Papilloma; Ribonucleases; RNA; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Colonic Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sphingolipids; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triglycerides; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Abscess; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Eosinophilia; Esterases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Pelvic Neoplasms; Proctitis; Prospective Studies; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; DNA; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dysgerminoma; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glutathione; Hexoses; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isomerases; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transaminases; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms