acid-phosphatase and Teratoma

This is the history of discoveries of several enzyme tumor markers in the awardees laboratory. The first, beta-glucuronidase, was originally related to the physiological actions of estrogens and androgens. Perfection of histochemical techniques based on new substrates demonstrated the dual localization of beta-glucuronidase in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Tumor tissues, in general, are enriched with beta-glucuronidase. Next, acid phosphatase of the prostate gland possesses the distinctive property of undergoing inhibition by L-tartrate. This organ-specific inhibitor was incorporated into the Fishman-Lerner method for measuring serum acid phosphatase of prostatic origin. This significantly increased the specificity of the measurement of serum acid phosphatase for prostatic cancer. Finally, the discovery of the Regan Isoenzyme, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in a patient with disseminated lung cancer provided a tumor marker useful in the management of gonadal tumors, in particular. Closely related to PLAP is germ cell alkaline phosphatase which is eutopically expressed in seminoma. Finally, radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy of PLAP in these tumors have been achieved by others.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Awards and Prizes; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Societies, Medical; Societies, Scientific; Teratoma; United States

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pituitary Hormones; Pregnancy Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

The presence of prostatic differentiation as part of teratoma is very unusual and has been reported less than 20 times in the literature; however, all but 1 case were described in ovarian teratomas. We reviewed 45 specimens of germ cell tumors with teratoma component in postpuberal male patients. Original hematoxylin and eosin review failed to identify glands morphologically consistent with prostatic differentiation. Immunohistochemical stains performed on 10 specimens from 10 patients with small glandular and/or tubular structures revealed 1 case with glands positive for prostatic-specific antigen, prostatic-specific acid phosphatase, and prostein/P501S, whereas high-molecular-weight cytokeratin and p63 highlighted only basal cells. The glands were irregular in size and shape and contained mostly cuboidal to columnar luminal-type cells with occasional basal-type cells. Re-review of all the specimens revealed a second block from the same testis as well as 1 retroperitoneal lymph node with metastatic teratoma in the same patient, also immunohistochemically confirmed. These glands were seen in a smooth muscle stromal background, adjacent to classic gastrointestinal and tracheobronchial teratoma components. Our findings show immunohistochemically confirmed prostatic differentiation in 2 specimens from 1 patient with teratoma. This study raises the possibility that prostatic differentiation, difficult to recognize on morphology alone, might not be that unusual and that immunostains can help detect it over the several different epithelial components of teratoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Incidence; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Young Adult

Male accessory sexual glands arising in ovarian cystic teratoma are exceedingly rare. We report a 56-year-old female subjected to an ovariohysterectomy due to a left ovarian mass. The pathological study of the surgical piece revealed a tumor composed of different mature tissue elements and well defined nodules of benign prostatic tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Dermoid Cyst; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Teratoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Choristoma; Humans; Keratins; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Choristoma; Humans; Keratins; Male; Orchiectomy; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms

Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary containing prostatic remnants are reported in 2 women aged 31 and 20 years. Both cases showed the expected histology of mature teratomas with a mixture of ecto- and endodermal structures lying in a fibrous stroma. In both cases, the foci of prostate tissue were composed of typical prostatic glands arranged in acinar structures. One case displayed a transitional cell-lined duct resembling the urethra. Prostate glands showed intense positive immunostaining with prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acidic phosphatase. Focal images suggesting high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were detected in 1 case. The literature on this unusual finding in these common tumors is reviewed and commented on.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Male; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Teratoma; Treatment Outcome

We present an extremely rare case of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma with structures of male accessory sexual glands. The patient was a 30-year-old woman. A unilocular cystic tumor, measuring 5 cm in the largest diameter, was found in her right ovary and was removed. The teratoma contained epidermis, skin appendages, respiratory and intestinal epithelia, cartilage, muscle, and nervous and connective tissue. In addition to these histologically mature tissues, there were nodules with prostatic acini, prostate duct-like structures strongly positive for prostate-specific antigen and acid prostatic phosphatase, structures resembling Cowper's glands, and seminal vesicles surrounded by fibromuscular stroma. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the English literature describing seminal vesicles associated with prostatic tissue and bulbo-urethral glands in a mature ovarian teratoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bulbourethral Glands; Female; Humans; Male; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Seminal Vesicles; Teratoma; Treatment Outcome

A case of epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma is presented. The initial histologic findings were suggestive of adenomatoid tumor, but a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin has been established by prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen immunoperoxidase staining.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms

The hybrid plasmid pK4 containing the early genes of the simian virus SV-40, under the control of the adenovirus type 5 E1a promoter, was introduced into the multipotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) 1003. Expression of the SV-40 oncogenes was observed at the EC cell stage, and this allowed the derivation of immortalized cells corresponding to early stages of differentiation. Among the immortalized mesodermal derivatives obtained, one clone, C1, is committed to the osteogenic pathway. C1 cells have a stable phenotype, synthesize type I collagen, and express alkaline phosphatase activity. Although immortalized and expressing the SV-40 T antigen, the cells continue to be able to differentiate in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, after injection into syngeneic mice, they produce osteosarcomas. In vitro, the cells form nodules and deposit a collagenous matrix that mineralizes, going to hydroxyapatite crystal formation, in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate. This clonal cell line, which originates from an embryonal carcinoma, therefore differentiates into osteogenic cells in vivo and in vitro. This immortalized cell line will be useful in identifying specific molecular markers of the osteogenic pathway, to investigate gene regulation during osteogenesis and to study the ontogeny of osteoblasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenovirus Early Proteins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Blotting, Southern; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Clone Cells; Collagen; Cyclic AMP; DNA-Binding Proteins; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Genes, Viral; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Osteocytes; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Simian virus 40; Teratoma; Viral Structural Proteins; X-Ray Diffraction

Embryonal carcinoma cells, the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, are a convenient model system for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation. We established the pluripotent teratocarcinoma cell line TCE from embryoid bodies of teratocarcinoma strain OTT6050. The feeder independent cell line was characterized with regard to karyotype, differentiation capacities, developmentally regulated gene products, such as alkaline and acid phosphatase, cell surface markers, and by intermediate filament proteins. These parameters are discussed with respect to the developmental potency of the cell line TCE.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Cell Line; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Karyotyping; Mice; Teratoma

Tumor marker for tumors in urology has been widely used to testicular and prostatic tumors. A part of testicular tumor produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and HCG, thus these markers can not be used for early detection of disease. However, they are very useful in typing testicular tumor, and in monitoring a course of disease which produces them. beta-HCG seems to be more specific than HCG. In case of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) assayed immunochemically is sensitive and specific marker. Prostate antigen seems to be another excellent marker for this tumor, and this is well correlated with PAP. In reactivated case, tissue polypeptide antigen was elevated, suggesting use of this marker.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Nine tumour lines with different developmental capacities were derived from spontaneous as well as from one induced teratocarcinoma: three teratocarcinoma-derived rhabdomyosarcomas TDR 602, TDR 694, and TDR 114; two teratocarcinoma-derived neuroblastomas TDN 2151 and TDN 2283; two teratocarcinoma-derived endodermal tumours TDE 274 and TDE 113; one multipotential teratocarcinoma OTT 2289, and one undifferentiated teratocarcinoma OTT 2158. Quantitative analyses of ten catabolic enzymes, i.e. alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and hexosaminidase were carried out at the 20-cell level, and specific enzyme activity profiles were established for each of the tumour lines studied. These profiles may be used for the biochemical identification of a tumour type at the single cell level in addition to morphological and biological criteria.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Glycoside Hydrolases; Histocytochemistry; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neuroblastoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Teratoma

Five human teratoma cell lines have been characterized for the presence of a certain number of marker antigens whose presence or absence has been shown to be characteristic of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Four out of the five lines have been shown to respond to at least some of the criteria associated with murine EC cells even though only limited in vitro differentiation could be demonstrated. The significance of certain unusual marker antigen combinations present on the cell line Tera I and its clones and so far unobserved for the murine model is discussed. The observation in Tera I populations of cells carrying simultaneously both the F9 and beta 2-microglobulin or HLA antigens, suggest that the human cell lines may represent a novel material for the study of mammalian differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; HLA Antigens; Humans; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Neoplasms, Experimental; Teratoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Mice; Teratoma

During the past several years the development of radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques to detect small amounts of marker in the sera and cancer cells of cancer patients has made a significant impact on the diagnosis and management of certain cancers. Among these markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein have been useful in the staging, detection of recurrence, prognosis, and management of testicular cancer. In this article the recent developments and future perspectives concerning these and other newer markers are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Steroid; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carbon; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Culture Media; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucose; Glucuronidase; Immunologic Techniques; Mice; Teratoma; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Butyrates; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycoproteins; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Experimental; Teratoma; Vitelline Membrane

A variety of cell lines have been isolated in vitro from transplantable teratocarcinomas. Some of them correspond to embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. They are malignant and represent the stem cells from which all differentiated tissues derive in the tumor or in vitro. EC cells share some biochemical and antigenic properties with multipotential embryonic cells. From one of these EC cell lines, variants have been isolated in vivo and in vitro. Some are of EC type but restricted in their pattern of differentiation; others are altered in their tumorigenicity or in their antigenic characteristics. Another class of such variants corresponds to non-EC types. The most interesting ones correspond to tumoral lines of extra-embryonic tissues. All these cell lines constitute a valuable material for the study of mouse development and differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Culture Techniques; Glucuronidase; Histocompatibility Antigens; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Teratoma

Enzyme histochemical study of an adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis revealed an enzyme pattern identical to that of the rete testis. Histogenesis from the same primordium may be suggested.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Amylases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; NAD; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms

In our attempts at establishing a cancer cell line from various ascites of cancer bearing patients, a cell line was successfully established from the ascites of a 63-year-old female with primary ovarian tumor (embryonal carcinoma). Histological findings of the peritoneum, due to metastasis, appeared to be cystadenocarcinoma, revealing the differentiation to non-epithelial cells which formed coarse networks and fibers, and morphologic changes of tissue cultures also reflected such histologic findings. At present the subculture has reached the 95th population doubling level, and cultured cells have assumed the morphology of mesothelial cells or fibroblasts with about 50 chromosomes. As a human malignant cell line, it is useful for the study of human malignant tumor cell.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascites; Autopsy; Basophils; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomes; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Phagocytosis; Teratoma

Elevated levels of glycoprotein:sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase) were found in human malignant neoplastic tissues compared to normal, benign, and "preneoplastic" tissues. This increase was not due to the cell density of the tissue. Elevated levels of certain proteases and glycosidases were also found. The increase in transferase activity may be associated with altered membrane synthesis in the neoplastic state; changes in the activity of degradative enzymes may be associated with tumor invasiveness and maintenance of the neoplastic state. Measurements on human tumors are possibly more directly relevant to cancer than those described for transformed fibroblastic cells in vitro.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Fucose; Galactosamine; Galactosidases; Glycoproteins; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Mannose; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuraminic Acids; Neuraminidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Teratoma; Transferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Embryo, Mammalian; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Hydrolases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; NAD; NADP; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ovary; Oxidoreductases; Teratoma; Transplantation, Homologous