acid-phosphatase and Temporomandibular-Joint-Disorders

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can cause severe growth disturbances of the craniomandibular system. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) of the rabbit TMJ is simulating the inflammatory process of the TMJ in JIA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a systemic administration of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonist etanercept on AIA in rabbits by means of three different histological staining methods.. After sensitization, a bilateral arthritis of the TMJ was induced and maintained by repeated intra-articular administrations of ovalbumin in 12 New Zealand white rabbits aged 10 weeks. From the 13th week of age, 6 of the 12 rabbits received weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept, and the other 6 animals remained without therapy. Another 6 animals served as controls, receiving no treatment or intra-articular injections at all. After euthanasia at the age of 22 weeks, all TMJs were retrieved en bloc. Sagittal sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Safranin-O for the evaluation of the Mankin score, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP).. In the arthritis group, a chronic inflammation with degeneration of the articular cartilage was visible. In the etanercept group, the signs of cartilage degeneration were significantly reduced but present. In contrast, the joints in the control group were inconspicuous. A strong correlation between the Mankin score and TRAP-positive cells could be found.. Antigen-induced arthritis causes severe damage in the TMJ of young rabbits. An improvement seems to be achievable by a systemic administration of etanercept.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Juvenile; Biomarkers; Cartilage, Articular; Coloring Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Etanercept; Female; Freund's Adjuvant; Injections, Intra-Articular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Isoenzymes; Mandibular Condyle; Osteoclasts; Ovalbumin; Phenazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Time Factors

Although biochemical studies have examined the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs), the details of the molecular mechanism of bone destruction and remodeling remain unknown. In this study, we induced and characterized osteoclast-like cells from the SF of patients with TMD and investigated the participation of these cells in the pathogenesis of TMD.. We collected SF cells from patients with TMD after a pumping procedure, cultured osteoclast-like cells, and examined their characteristics, including osteoclast markers and bone resorption activities. In addition, we obtained fibroblastic cells from the SF of TMD patients by continuous sub-culturing. Using these fibroblastic cells, we examined fibroblast markers using immunocytochemical staining and analyzed the receptor activator of nuclear-factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels. Detection of soluble form of RANKL (sRANKL) in the SF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).. Osteoclast-like cells were induced from the SF cells of patients with TMD by adding recombinant human (rh) macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and either 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These multinucleated giant cells were positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and had the ability to absorb bone. The fibroblastic cells from the SF of TMD patients were positive for fibroblast markers and RANKL mRNA was up-regulated. Detection of sRANKL in SF of patient group was significantly higher than control group.. The results suggest that the joint-infiltrating SF cells from TMD patients play important roles in the pathogenesis of these disorders, which is characterized by progressive bone destruction or remodeling.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Calcitriol; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Dinoprostone; Female; Fibroblasts; Giant Cells; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; RNA, Messenger; Synovial Fluid; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

The purpose of this study was to correlate histologic findings in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyles and discs with their macroscopic appearance at surgery. The 24 patients with internal derangement of the joint included 20 women and 4 men (mean age, 37 years; range, 18 to 61 years). The tissue lesions varied in degree from mild soft-tissue fraying and bone remodeling to extensive resorption and new cartilage and bone formation with high phosphatase enzyme activities, and even to loss of articular soft tissue and breakdown of cortical bone. Reactions may arise in the hard tissues before they occur in the articular surface layers.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cartilage, Articular; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Proteoglycans; Staining and Labeling; Synovial Membrane; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders