acid-phosphatase and Synovitis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. In this study, we investigated whether dietary supplementation with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) suppresses collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) a control CIA group was fed a normal diet, (2) a CIA group was fed a 0.1% ALA diet (average ALA intake of 160 mg/kg/day), and (3) a CIA group was fed a 0.5% ALA diet (average ALA intake of 800 mg/kg/day). The ALA-fed mice showed a decreased incidence and severity of arthritis compared to the normal diet group. Radiographic findings revealed a dramatic decrease in bone destruction, and histological findings showed extensively suppressed pathological changes in the ALA-fed mice. The ALA-fed mice exhibited inhibited generation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts in vivo. Additionally, ALA-fed mice reduced production of various proinflammatory cytokines and the soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (sRANKL) in the joint tissues and the sera. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with ALA attenuated inflammatory responses and bone destruction in CIA mice.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Resorption; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Osteoclasts; Radiography; RANK Ligand; Severity of Illness Index; Synovitis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Thioctic Acid

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of systemic delivery of prednisolone phosphate (PLP) encapsulated within long circulating 'stealth' liposomes on bone erosion and osteoclast activity during experimental antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Liposomal PLP strongly suppressed knee joint swelling, synovial infiltrate and bone erosion in antigen-induced arthritis. The number of active osteoclasts was not only suppressed in bone lesions near inflamed synovium, but also within the trabecular bone of the tibia, suggesting a systemic suppression of osteoclast activation. Furthermore, liposomal PLP directly blocked osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro while it also suppressed expression of osteoclast differentiation factors M-CSF and RANKL in the synovium. Targeting studies showed that liposomes are most efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages and early precursors of osteoclasts in the bone marrow rather than by mature osteoclasts, indicating a possible inhibition of osteoclast differentiation from an early stage.. Liposomal glucocorticoid delivery rather than free PLP offers a more efficacious way to inhibit both inflammation and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.

Topics: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; Acid Phosphatase; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Cathepsin K; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cholesterol; Down-Regulation; Glucocorticoids; Isoenzymes; Knee Joint; Liposomes; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells; Osteoclasts; Phagocytosis; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Polyethylene Glycols; Prednisolone; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vaccination

The relative contributions of cellular and humoral immunity to cartilage destruction in chronic arthritis has been investigated in a model of chronic synovitis in the rabbit. In this model, antigen-induced arthritis, immunization with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) followed by intra-articular injection of this protein produces a chronic synovitis associated with loss of proteoglycan from articular cartilage. In addition, the synovial lining cell population is metabolically activated. Similar treatment of animals immunized with ovalbumin in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) produced a resolving arthritis which initially (over the first 7 days) appears to be identical to that in FCA-immunized animals, apart from the lack of activation of synovial lining cells. Following this initial synovitis the joints return to apparent normality apart from a persistent 'low grade' synovitis consisting mainly of a plasma cell infiltrate. The most striking finding in the FIA-immunized animals is the rapid loss (greater than 30% by day 7) and recovery of proteoglycan from the matrix of articular cartilage. These findings show that the perpetuation of chronic destructive synovitis in the rabbit requires the presence of active cellular immunity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibodies; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Cartilage, Articular; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Ovalbumin; Proteoglycans; Rabbits; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis

In order to investigate the relationship between the synovial inflammatory response and lysosomal enzyme activity in osteoarthritis, synovial specimens obtained from 19 osteoarthritic patients and control specimens from 10 normal joints were analysed for cathepsin D and acid phosphatase enzyme levels. In estimating enzyme activities methods previously developed for quantitative enzyme determination in cartilage were modified and applied to synovial tissues for the first time. In addition, samples of osteoarthritic synovium were histologically graded according to their degree of inflammation. It was found that in osteoarthritic synovium cathepsin D and acid phosphatase, which is a general marker for lysosomal enzyme activity, were significantly increased compared with normal control synovium. No significant relationship was found between the degree of synovial tissue inflammation and lysosomal enzyme activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsin D; Humans; Lysosomes; Osteoarthritis; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cell Count; Fibrin; Humans; Proteoglycans; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

The synovial sheath obtained in synovectomy in 35 patients with rheumatic- and rheumatic-visceral forms of rheumatoid arthritis was studied histochemically and immunomorphologically. At early stages of exacerbation of the pathological process in the synovial tissue there were revealed predominantly catabolic processes: an increased permeability of vessels; mucoid oedema; fibrinoid changes in the subintimal layer. Further development of the disease was characterized by predominance of anabolic processes with proliferation of synoviocytes, subintimal histiocytes, productive vasculites, massive lymphoid-plasmocytic infiltration, diffuse, or in the form of lymphoid follicles. Using the immunofluorescent technique the authors revealed luminescence of the rheumatoid factor and gamma=globulin in plasmatic cells, extracellularly, and more rarely in macrophages. Pronounced immunological changes in the synovial sheath in the active course of rheumatoid arthritis were accompanied by a high level of metabolic processes and an intensive phagocytic reaction in synoviocytes and subintimal histiocytes. In observations with a low activity of rheumatoid arthritis the synovial tissue was characterized by low levels of enzymes of oxidative metabolism and hydrolysis, emptying of the capillary bed, processes of sclerosis, hyalinosis, amyloidosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenofibroma; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Capillary Permeability; Chronic Disease; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Globulins; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Cells; Radiography; Rheumatoid Factor; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Esterases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Knee Joint; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Crystallization; Dogs; Glucuronidase; Gout; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pressure; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Time Factors; Uric Acid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Sedimentation; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Nucleotidases; Osteoarthritis; Serum Albumin; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; C-Reactive Protein; Diagnosis, Differential; Gout; Histiocytes; Humans; Joint Diseases; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis; Uric Acid; Viscosity

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Collagen Diseases; Humans; Knee Joint; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Middle Aged; Rheumatoid Factor; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Cell Count; Electrophoresis; Humans; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Osteoarthritis; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Joint Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Rickets; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Diagnosis; Geriatrics; Gout; Humans; Knee Injuries; Osteoarthritis; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular