acid-phosphatase and Swine-Diseases

The polymorphic mononuclear cells, arranged in whorling or palisading pattern, were usually found in the lung of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs. In order to understand the origin and characteristics of these cells, specific-pathogen free pigs were intratracheally inoculated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae at a concentration of 5 x 10(6) CFU, then, sacrificed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours later. The cells in the alveolar spaces were observed with light and electron microscope, and cytochemically analyzed for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and Sudan black B stains respectively. The results revealed that a lot of neutrophils were observed in the alveolar spaces at the early stage after inoculation. Twenty four hours later, polymorphic mononuclear cells abundantly appeared. Enzyme cytochemical findings indicated that some of the polymorphic mononuclear cells were macrophages, in which, acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase were detected, and others were type II pneumocytes which were positively stained with alkaline phosphatase and Sudan black B. Ultrastructural observation found that many lysosomes appeared in the macrophages' cytoplasm, and type II pneumocyte contained many lamellar bodies. Conclusively, it could be suggested that the polymorphic mononuclear cells were derived from macrophages and type II pneumocytes by cytochemical and electron microscopic examinations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Macrophages; Male; Naphthalenes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Swine; Swine Diseases

It has been hypothesized that conceptus estrogens influence endometrial protein secretion during pregnancy in swine. To test this hypothesis, the effect of estrone and estradiol treatment from d 30 to 60 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy on endometrial protein secretion was investigated. Pregnant (P; n = 16) and pseudopregnant (PP) gilts (n = 18) received either sham treatment or estrone or estradiol implants (5 mg/d release rate; 60 d release) on d 30 of P or PP. Blood samples were collected on d 30, 40, 50, and 60 to measure estrone and estradiol. On d 60, gilts were hysterectomized. For P gilts, endometrium in apposition to one placenta from each uterine horn was collected. For PP gilts, each uterine horn was flushed with 40 mL of leucine-deficient minimal essential medium (MEM), and endometrial tissue was collected from each horn. Endometrial tissues were incubated in MEM in the presence of 50 microCi of [3H]leucine to examine protein secretion. Estrone and estradiol treatments increased both plasma and endometrial concentrations of estrone (P < .01 except endometrium for P gilts) and estradiol (P < .01, respectively). Endometrium from P gilts secreted more nondialyzable macromolecules (NDM), acid phosphatase activity (AP, a measure of uteroferrin), and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in culture than did endometrium from PP gilts. Estrone treatment increased (P < .01) endometrial NDM from P gilts but not that from PP gilts; estradiol had no effect. Both estrone and estradiol increased (P = .069) endometrial secretion of AP of PP but not of P gilts. Endometrial secretion of RBP was not affected by either estrone or estradiol treatment. Neither estrone nor estradiol affected total protein or AP and estrone treatment decreased (P < .05) RBP in uterine flushings from PP gilts. These data indicate that endometrium from P pigs secretes more protein than endometrium from PP pigs but neither estrone nor estradiol completely mimics the effect of pregnancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Endometrium; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Isoenzymes; Metalloproteins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Proteins; Pseudopregnancy; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The pulmonary lesions and multinucleate giant cell formations in porcine dermatosis vegetans were studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically in seven affected pigs that ranged from one to 120 days of age. At birth, no pulmonary lesions were observed. By seven days of age, there was a moderate infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in the alveoli and interstitium. These changes progressed, and by two weeks of age there was pronounced infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in the alveoli. Close apposition of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed, and cellular contact was demonstrated. By three to four weeks of age, small aggregates with epithelioid cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes resembling granulomas were present. In an older pig, aged four months, the inflammatory changes waned. Large macrophages, and large and small multinucleate cells shared common morphological characteristics of cytoplasm endowed with organelles, primary and secondary lysosomes, Golgi profiles, and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Cytochemically, macrophages and MGCs were positive for acid phosphatase. The present study showed that the initial pulmonary changes share morphological characteristics with a granulomatous inflammatory response, and evolve into small granulomas with macrophages, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. Morphologically, these changes share characteristics with epithelioid cell granulomas. Macrophages and MGCs share common ultrastructural traits, and are positive for acid phosphatase. MGCs seem to evolve in the course of the granulomatous inflammatory response and are probably of monocyte/macrophage origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Giant Cells; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Organelles; Skin Diseases; Swine; Swine Diseases

The activity of acid phosphatase (phosphohydrolase of orthophosphate monoesters; EC. 3.1.3.2) was evaluated densitometrically in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 22 conventional piglets which were experimentally infected by oocysts of the coccidiae Isospora suis (infection dose of 200,000 oocysts) on day one after parturition (DAP). The activity of the studied hydrolase was investigated in the infected piglets during days two to ten after infection (DAI) in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) and in goblet cells. The density of the reaction product of acid phosphatase was simultaneously determined in the same mucosal cells of different sections of the small intestine in five control conventional piglets at the age of 2-14 days. In the small intestine mucosa of control piglets the activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated to be located especially in the supranuclear zone of enterocytes. As for goblet cells, the reaction product of acid phosphatase is distributed in all zones (supra-, para-, infranuclear zones); the lowest density of this enzyme was found in the infranuclear zone. The activity of acid phosphatase is also localized in intestinal crypts: in their cells the enzyme concentration is decreasing from duodenum to caudal sections. Important changes were revealed, in comparison with the control data, in the development of the activity of acid phosphatase in the intestinal mucosa cells in the experimentally infected piglets. In the period of investigation (DAI 2-10) there were two stages of the development of the density of the enzyme reaction product. The first stage can be characterized by an increase, the other by a decrease in the level of acid phosphatase activity. Enterocytes are influenced in both stages, but the decrease in the density of the reaction product of acid phosphatase was observed only in absorption cells, and not in goblet cells. The increase in the activity of acid phosphatase occurs in the periods of DAI 4 and 9-10. Enzymatic deviations occur mainly in the absorption cells of the mucosa of duodenum and middle jejunum; in the cells of posterior jejunum and ileum an increase in the density of the reaction product of acid phosphatase was also demonstrated, but at the lower quantitative level (especially on DAI 4). The decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase has a protracted development and it takes place on DAI 5 to 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Coccidiosis; Histocytochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Isospora; Swine; Swine Diseases

The density of selected enzymes in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was studied in a group of 12 gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with the coccidium Isospora suis one day after parturition (DPP), using the Vickers M-786 scanning and integrating microdensity meter. At an infecting dose of 100,000 oocysts of I. suis, the histochemistry of the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the piglets changed significantly in the period of 4 to 10 days after infection (DPI). Increases occur in the density of non-specific esterase (EC. 3.1.1.1.) and acid phosphatase (EC. 3.13.2.). The density of acid and neutral muco-substances declines and the densities of alkaline phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1.) and aminopeptidase M (EC. 3.4.11.2) are significantly high. The goblet cells of the mid and posterior parts of jejunum are very similar in their histochemistry in the experimentally infected gnotobiotic piglets. In the duodenum and ileum the histochemical picture of the goblet cells shows no substantial difference from the data recorded in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of the four control piglets at an age of two to seven days.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; CD13 Antigens; Coccidiosis; Histocytochemistry; Intestine, Small; Swine; Swine Diseases

The distribution of enzymes and laminin was examined in ileal tissue from pigs suffering from intestinal adenomatosis to reveal the nature of the lesion. A disruption of the normal and specific pattern of distribution was found. Thus, the normal ileal epithelium was characterised by brush border enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase), fluoride resistant acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase; enzymes of the basolateral border: Mg-ATPase; and cytoplasmic enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase. Subepithelial fibroblasts seemed to be characterised by 5'-nucleotidase. Laminin was present as a continuous band under the surface and crypt epithelium, somewhat thicker in the former. In contrast, the branching proliferating crypts of intestinal adenomatosis largely lacked enzymes characteristic of both villus and crypt cells. Reactions for the subepithelial components, laminin and fibroblasts were also reduced. The deficient differentiation of the epithelial as well as subepithelial components in porcine intestinal adenomatosis distinguish the condition from crypt hyperplasia and indicate an adenoma-like character.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Ileum; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laminin; Swine; Swine Diseases

Twenty-two isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica were studied to determine the effects of pH, incubation temperature and type of media on peak acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. The pH optimum for alkaline phosphatase activity was 9.0 for all of the isolates tested. The pH optimum for acid phosphatase activity was 5.8 for 67% of the isolates and 4.8 for 33%. All of the isolates showed peak phosphatase activity at 37 degrees C. No preference was shown in 35% of the isolates between the types of media tested; however, 40% preferred tryptose broth, 20% preferred nutrient broth and 5% preferred brain-heart infusion broth. No relationship was shown between phosphatase activity and the mouse lethality of the isolates.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bordetella; Culture Media; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mice; Respiratory Tract Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases; Temperature

The purpose of the studies was to determine the activity of enzymes in the serum and pig organs with colibacteriosis in the form of oedema and stomach-intestines disease playing a diagnostic role in the determination of the organ damage degree. Studies were carried out on 29 pigs. The activity of LAP, GPT, GOT, AM, FDPA, Lp, AP and AcP was determined in the serum liver, empty intestines and kidneys of the diseased and control pigs. It resulted from the experiments that in the serum of all the diseased animals the activity of FDPA and GOT was considerably increased and that of AP decreased. So, activity determination does not allow to differentiate both forms of colibacteriosis. AM activity increases only in the serum of oedema pigs. In colibacteriosis of pigs the determination of FDPA activity is the most sensitive enzymatic test. In both diseases the activity of this enzyme increases considerable in the serum and all the studied organs. The activity of the studied enzymes shows that in both forms of collibacteriosis of pigs liver, intestines and kidneys are damaged.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Amylases; Animals; Colitis; Colon; Escherichia coli Infections; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Kidney; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Liver; Swine; Swine Diseases

Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy was induced by p.o. administration of crystalline ochratoxin A for periods of 5 days, 3 months and 2 years. Enzyme activities of the renal tissue were studied histochemically. These were NADH-tetrazolium reductase, NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, unspecific acid phosphatase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase. The activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase and succinate dehydrogenase was reduced in the proximal tubule of all nephrons after 5 days ochratoxin A exposure and remained reduced after 3 months and 2 years exposure. The effect of ochratoxin A on these enzymes would appear to cause the impairment of proximal tubular function and the morphological changes observed in the proximal tubule in ochratoxin A-induced mycotoxic porcine nephropathy. The localization of alterations in enzyme activity corresponds to the localization of ochratoxin A previously demonstrated in the kidney. The activities of NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase were reduced focally corresponding to the areas with focal tubular atrophy and the degree of reduction was roughly parallel to the degree of atrophy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Ochratoxins; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nucleotidases; Steatitis; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoviridae Infections; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pneumonia, Viral; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Arthritis; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mycoplasma Infections; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Culture Media; Electrophoresis; Escherichia coli; Esterases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Serotyping; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carbohydrates; Ecology; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosidases; Hemoglobins; Histocytochemistry; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Proteins; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trichuriasis; Trichuroidea

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System; Copper; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Hematocrit; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Phosphotransferases; Spinal Cord; Swine; Swine Diseases; Thiamine Pyrophosphate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Calcium; Cholesterol; Electrolytes; Enzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Magnesium; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sodium; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Lysosomes; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastroenteritis; Histocytochemistry; Jejunum; Microscopy, Electron; Oxidoreductases; Swine; Swine Diseases; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Diseases; Male; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy; Skin Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases

The virus of transmissible gastroenteritis produced sprue-like lesions in the small intestines of young pigs. These lesions were characterized by villous shortening, fusing and blunting in the jejunum and ileum. There was decreased height of the brush border and morphologic alteration of the villous epithelial cells from simple columnar to a variable cuboidal type. Accompanying these microscopic lesions were histochemical changes characterized by decreased staining intensity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, succinic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase in the affected intestinal mucosa. The clinical nature of transmissible gastroenteritis in the pig together with the histopathologic and histochemical changes may provide a useful experimental model for obtaining additional basic information on enteric disturbances.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Ileum; Intestinal Diseases; Jejunum; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases