acid-phosphatase and Spinal-Cord-Injuries

To investigate the protective effect of pSVPoMcat (myelin basic protein microgene) modifying Schwann cell on injured spinal neurons.. A model of rat spinal cord injured by hemisection was used. One hundred and twenty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 250-300 g were divided into three groups: Group A (n=40, treated with implantation of pSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell), Group B (n= 40, treated with implantation of Schwann cell only) and Group C (n=400, treated with sham operation as the control). One week after operation the rat functional recovery was observed dynamically by using combined behavioral score (CBS) and cortical somatasensory evoked potentials, the spinal cord sections were stained by Nissl, acid phosphatase enzyme histochemistry and cell apoptosis was examined by methye green, terminal deoxynucleotidyl and the dUTP Nick end labeling technique. Quantitative analysis was done by computer image analysis system.. In Group A the injured neurons recovered well morphologically. The imaging analysis showed a result of Group A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Transplantation; Disease Models, Animal; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Gene Transfer Techniques; Male; Methyl Green; Myelin Basic Protein; Nerve Regeneration; Rats; Rosaniline Dyes; Schwann Cells; Spinal Cord Injuries

To study the effect of acupuncture on enzymology of the motor neuron of anterior horn of injured spinal cord in rats.. Chemical staining method was used to quantitatively analyze the acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), changes in motor neuron of anterior horn of spinal cord simultaneously, and auto-analysis photogram apparatus was used to quantitatively analyze.. After spinal cord was injured, the AchE and SDH reduced, ACP raised; in the acupuncture group, ACHE and SDH were increased and ACP was lowered after acupuncture (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).. Acupuncture could regulate enzymology of the motor neuron of anterior horn of injured spinal cord. Acupuncture could inhibit or delay the deterioration of neuron, and also could promote the recovery.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Acupuncture; Animals; Anterior Horn Cells; Male; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord Injuries; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The effects of limb bud-derived motoneurotrophins (LBMNTs) as seen in the motoneurons in the anterior spinal cord and sciatic nerve regeneration of adult rats, were evaluated in the present study. A nerve regeneration chamber with a nerve gap of 9 mm was created by suturing the proximal and distal ends of a random sciatic nerve into a silicone tube after removal of a 5 mm piece of nerve in the distal end, The chamber of the experimental group was filled with 34.34 microg LBMNTs and PBS (0.01 mol/ml, pH 7.0),and the control group with PBS only. At 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks post surgery, the content of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and acid phosphatase (ACP) of the anterior spinal cord (injured side) was quantified, and the corresponding motoneuron's ultrastructure and the existant ratio were also examined. Meanwhile, the regenerated nerve from within the silicone tube was examined at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post surgery for histological studies at both the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. The experimental group showed a smaller decrease of AchE and an increase of ACP, a larger existant ratio of motoneurons, better ultrastructure and a more mature regenerated nerve based on a larger diameter of the regenerated nerve trunk, a greater number of axons and thicker myelin sheaths than the control group. So it was concluded that LBMNTs had a high activity of protecting motoneurons in the anterior spinal cord after nerve injury and promoting nerve regeneration, and it may be a new source of neurotrophic factors (NTFs).

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Female; Laminectomy; Limb Buds; Microscopy, Electron; Motor Neurons; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Regeneration; Neuroprotective Agents; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schwann Cells; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

The spinal cords of adult cats were injured at about L1 level by using Allen's method and the animals were divided randomly into 2 groups: a) electro-acupuncture treatment group and b) control group. The acid phosphatase (ACP) was detected at 3 and 7 days after spinal cord injury. The more ACP positive labelings were found in the treatment group than in the control group at both 3 (P < 0.05) and 7 days (P < 0.01) after injury. The results suggested that electro-acupuncture could increase the concentration of ACP of the injured spinal cord and the increased ACP concentration could make worse to the injured spinal cord at early time and improve regeneration during recovery period.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cats; Electroacupuncture; Female; Male; Paraplegia; Random Allocation; Spinal Cord Injuries

We employed an extravascular perfusion system through the subarachnoid space of the traumatized spinal cord of the cat for the delivery of oxygen utilizing a fluorocarbon emulsion containing essential nutrients, termed the oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient solution (OFNS). Animals perfused for 2 hours with saline after impact injury of the spinal cord had significantly less edema at 1 cm below this site of injury than injured, untreated animals. However, in injured animals perfused with OFNS there was significant protection from spinal cord edema at both 1 and 2 cm below the site of injury. OFNS perfusion reduced the magnitude of hemorrhagic necrosis in both the gray and the white matter and protected the anterior horn cells against lysis at the site of injury. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is decreased within 1 minute and remains suppressed for 1 hour in gray and white matter of unperfused, injured animals. The level of ATP in both gray and white matter was significantly higher in injured OFNS-perfused animals than in saline-treated animals at the site below the spinal cord injury. Our data show that OFNS perfusion of the injured spinal cord reduced necrosis and edema and tended to normalize the levels of high energy ATP and intact anterior horn cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of treating ischemic hypoxia of the spinal cord after trauma through an extravascular perfusion route that utilizes a fluorocarbon emulsion as a vehicle for the delivery of oxygen and other cellular nutrients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anterior Horn Cells; Cats; Edema; Female; Fluorocarbons; Male; Necrosis; Perfusion; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Dogs; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

The possible role of lysosomal activity in the early post-trauma phase of severe experimental spinal cord trauma was assessed utilizing an acid phosphatase cytochemical ultrastructural study. The results indicate that there is no evidence for lysosomal alteration prior to the development of cellular degeneration or necrosis. No diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed. This study indicates that physical lysosomal injury resulting in release of hydrolases into spinal cord cells is not a tenable hypothesis as a primary initiating event in the development of spinal cord necrosis following trauma. However, the data are consistent with the general theory that lysosomal activity is important in the secondary degradation of cells following their being altered beyond recovery.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Axons; Dendrites; Lysosomes; Male; Necrosis; Rats; Spinal Cord Injuries

The distribution pattern of glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase has been studied and recorded in normal and operated spinal cord of the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Based on the observations, the following conclusions have been arrived at i) Glycogen is present in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the spinal neurons. Following injury, it is depleted from these sites. ii) Alkaline phosphatase is located in the nucleus and on the neuronal surface. It is not traceable at these sites following spinal cord injury. iii) Acid phosphatase is mostly confined to the neuronal cytoplasm and tends to increase in injured neurons.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Buffaloes; Cytoplasm; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Neurons; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

Transection of a spinal cord is followed by massive accumulation of lysosomes and release of lysosomal hydrolases within both the rostral and the caudal spinal cord stumps. The lysosomal activity begins at 3 hours after cord transection, maintains its peak for 3 to 7 days, and declines at 14 days after transection. The process if associated with autolysis of the cord stumps and subsequent cavitation. Lysosomal accumulation is greatly diminished, and, paradoxically, superior wound healting is the result at the stumps of a 5-mm segment of isolated spinal cord produced by double cord transection.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Lysosomes; Spinal Cord Injuries; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors; Wound Healing

Ultrastructural studies of spinal cord in rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygen exposure and experimental spinal cord trauma have resulted in frequent degeneration of axons. In both experimental situations central nervous system myelinated fibers containing complex cytoplasmic interdigitations of electron lucent, normal appearing cytoplasm, and dense cytoplasm, interpreted as degenerative, were observed. In some of the complex profiles the electron lucent cytoplasm could be traced back to the inner mesaxon, where its relation to the latter indicated a glial origin. Cytochemical evaluation of acid phosphatase activity in the complex cytoplasmic interdigitations revealed that both components contain significant lysosomal activity. The complex structures are interpreted as being sequestrations of degenerating axoplasm by distal adaxonal oligodendroglial processes, possibly representing an unusual form of heterophagocytosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Axons; Female; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Nerve Degeneration; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neuroglia; Oligodendroglia; Rats; Spinal Cord Injuries

Intracellular lysosomal and nonlysosomal enzymes, as well as tissue edema, were measured in spinal cords of monkeys up to 20 days following a 300 gm-cm open injury. Although edema was maximal between six hours and 11 days, enzyme elevation was delayed. Lysosomal enzyme acid cathepsin increased beginning at five days and the beta-glucuronidase and beta-glycerophosphatase increase began at 11 days. Nonlysosomal enzymes were either not elevated or showed a slight rise. These data suggest that edema, one of the secondary damaging factors in spinal injury, is not a result of release of these intracellular enzymes. Also it appears that intracellular enzymes do not participate in early secondary damaging processes in severe spinal injury.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Edema; Glucuronidase; Glycerophosphates; Haplorhini; Intracellular Fluid; Lysosomes; Macaca mulatta; Peptide Hydrolases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors