acid-phosphatase and Skin-Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome; Fabry Disease; Inflammation; Keratins; Langerhans Cells; Light; Lysosomes; Melanophores; Microscopy, Electron; Peptide Hydrolases; Phagocytosis; Pigmentation; Protease Inhibitors; Sebaceous Glands; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Arthus Reaction; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Basement Membrane; Binding Sites; Chemotaxis; Complement System Proteins; Elastic Tissue; Electrophoresis, Disc; Epithelium; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Haplorhini; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin G; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Microbial Collagenase; Pancreatic Elastase; Protein Binding; Serum Sickness; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muscular Diseases; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muscular Diseases; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases

The effect of systemic glucocorticoid treatment on collagen synthesis in patients with various dermatoses was studied by measuring the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) in serum. Changes in the propeptide concentrations were compared with those of osteocalcin, which reflects osteoblastic activity, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), which reflects osteoclastic activity. The treatment caused significant decreases in levels of PICP, PIIINP and osteocalcin of 38, 34 and 49%, respectively (P less than 0.001). For TRAP, both increases and decreases were seen. The effects on PICP and PIIINP were evident 2-4 days after the onset of steroid therapy. The decrease in PICP was dose-related (r = 0.470, P less than 0.005) but even relatively small doses (0.1 mg of prednisone/kg/1 day) caused a significant reduction in PICP. After cessation of treatment, the levels of PICP returned to the pretreatment level in 1 week. The present study demonstrates that systemic glucocorticoid therapy in humans suppresses the synthesis of type I and III collagens and also non-collagenous bone matrix proteins.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Collagen; Female; Humans; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Prednisolone; Procollagen; Skin; Skin Diseases

The pulmonary lesions and multinucleate giant cell formations in porcine dermatosis vegetans were studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically in seven affected pigs that ranged from one to 120 days of age. At birth, no pulmonary lesions were observed. By seven days of age, there was a moderate infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in the alveoli and interstitium. These changes progressed, and by two weeks of age there was pronounced infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in the alveoli. Close apposition of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed, and cellular contact was demonstrated. By three to four weeks of age, small aggregates with epithelioid cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes resembling granulomas were present. In an older pig, aged four months, the inflammatory changes waned. Large macrophages, and large and small multinucleate cells shared common morphological characteristics of cytoplasm endowed with organelles, primary and secondary lysosomes, Golgi profiles, and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Cytochemically, macrophages and MGCs were positive for acid phosphatase. The present study showed that the initial pulmonary changes share morphological characteristics with a granulomatous inflammatory response, and evolve into small granulomas with macrophages, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. Morphologically, these changes share characteristics with epithelioid cell granulomas. Macrophages and MGCs share common ultrastructural traits, and are positive for acid phosphatase. MGCs seem to evolve in the course of the granulomatous inflammatory response and are probably of monocyte/macrophage origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Giant Cells; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Organelles; Skin Diseases; Swine; Swine Diseases

An eosinophilic granuloma has been investigated by means of histochemical proofs for enzymes and tissue elements and common staining methods. The best method was be found the proof for the enzyme phenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1). In this way it is possible to determine eosinophils rapidly and surely and to receive an overview on the frequency and distribution of these cells. The histiocytic-like cells was identified electron microscopical as Langerhans' cells. This cells are in narrow contact to many eosinophilic granulocytes. Their granula have manifold changes in their structure. The granula are possibly able to produce new structures of the cell. The eosinophilic granuloma correspond to a cell mediating immunological defence reaction approximate to the type of a delayed hypersensitivity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Eosinophils; Esterases; Granuloma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Skin Diseases

We present the case of a 7-year-old boy who had a solitary mass within Meckel's cave that recurred 6 weeks after the initial resection. The histological, immunohistochemical, electron-microscopical, and molecular genetical features established the lesion's histiocytic nature. Our findings showed that it was closely related to juvenile xanthogranuloma, a benign lesion that usually occurs in the skin but has not yet been histologically confirmed in the brain. The present tumor is different from other intracranial histiocytic and xanthogranulomatous lesions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actins; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antigens, CD; Blotting, Southern; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms; DNA, Neoplasm; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Skin Diseases; Trigeminal Ganglion; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

Multiple subcutaneous plaques and nodules appeared on the back and the dorsal proximal area of the extremities of a 9-day-old male infant after a complicated prenatal period necessitating cesarean section. The clinical and histological features were diagnostic of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Light microscopy revealed adipocyte necrosis, a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, and needle-shaped clefts within adipocytes and macrophages. Ultrastructurally, there were aggregations of electron-lucent spaces in the form of spindles and needles arranged in parallel within the altered adipocytes; macrophages surrounded these cells or their fragments and invaded the fat lobules. Enzyme histochemical staining, not previously reported in the literature, showed that acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and indoxyl and non-specific esterases were present in the areas of fat necrosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adipose Tissue; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Skin Diseases

CB3717 is a quinazoline antifolate whose cytotoxic activity is mediated by inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). A phase I clinical trial commenced in September 1981 and 99 patients have received 296 treatments. Doses were dissolved in 0.15 mol/L NaHCO3 (pH 9.0) at a concentration of 4 mg/mL infused over one hour or in a total volume of 1 L infused over 12 hours. Doses were repeated every 3 weeks. The starting dose of 140 mg/m2 was escalated to 600 mg/m2. Renal toxicity, detected by a decrease in the 51Cr EDTA clearance, was dose-related and occurred in seven of ten patients receiving greater than 450 mg/m2. Reversible hepatic toxicity often associated with malaise occurred in 223 of 288 assessable courses (77%). Fifty-nine courses (20%) were associated with increases in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels to greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal laboratory range. Increases in alkaline phosphatase levels also occurred, but were less marked. The severity and prevalence of these elevations were unaffected by the duration of the infusion. A self-limiting rash appeared in 12 patients and a radiation recall reaction was seen in two. Leukopenia developed in 17 patients (WBC less than 3 X 10(9)/L), and thrombocytopenia occurred in six patients (platelets less than 100 X 10(9)/L). The mean leucocyte nadir occurred on day 10 and was followed by recovery at 11 to 19 days. Neither the incidence nor the severity of any of these latter toxicities was dose related. The maximum tolerated dose was in the region of 600 mg/m2 with renal toxicity being dose limiting, although the inter-patient variation did not allow a precise definition. Seventy-six patients were evaluable for response. Responses occurred at doses greater than or equal to 200 mg/m2 and were ovary, one complete response (CR), one partial response (PR), seven minor responses (MR) in 30 cases; breast, two PRs and one MR in eight cases; adenocarcinoma of the lung, one MR in 5 cases; mesothelioma, one PR in five cases; and colon, two MRs in four cases. CB3717 has activity in heavily pretreated patients. The recommended phase II dose for good-risk patients is 400 mg/m2 using the one-hour infusion schedule of administration.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Antagonists; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hematologic Diseases; Hyperbilirubinemia; Kidney Diseases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Neoplasms; Quinazolines; Skin Diseases; Thymidylate Synthase

Sulfur mustard (SM) (di-2-chlorethyl sulfide), used for chemical warfare in World War I, is a highly reactive radiomimetic alkylating agent. When applied to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs, it produced vascular leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and slow death of basal epidermal cells. Thirty to sixty minutes after exposure to SM, injury to the superficial microvasculature (beneath the SM application site) was detected by measuring vascular leakage with Evans blue dye and also with horseradish peroxidase. At this same time, injury to the superficial fibroblasts was observed ultrastructurally; and an unexpectedly high percentage of basophils was found among the early infiltrating granulocytes. At 2 to 4 hr, the vascular leakage ceased, and had resumed by 8 hr in a more diffuse form. At this time, the basal epidermal cells showed pyknotic nuclei, an increase in their lysosomal enzymes (observed histochemically), and autophagic vacuoles (observed ultrastructurally). Leukocyte infiltration was marked, consisting mostly of heterophils (PMN) with a reduced percentage of basophils. During the next 24 to 72 hr, the entire inflammatory reaction reached its peak; and a superficial, crust-covered ulcer developed. Then, over the next 10 days, the lesion gradually subsided with concomitant repair and healing. Glucocorticosteroids decreased the early edematous phase, but did not affect the rate of healing. These findings suggest that the skin response to sulfur mustard has an immediate and a delayed phase. The immediate phase, i.e., within the first hour, was characterized by injury to the superficial fibroblasts and to the endothelium of superficial capillaries and venules, possibly because of direct damage to their cell membranes. At this time, a restricted vascular leakage and a selective granulocyte infiltration containing many basophils occurred. The delayed phase, which became evident after 8 hr, was characterized by the death of basal epidermal cells, probably because of DNA damage. This phase was accompanied by generalized vascular leakage, by massive heterophil immigration, and eventually by ulceration.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arylsulfatases; Erythema; Glucocorticoids; Granulocytes; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Leukocytes; Mustard Compounds; Mustard Gas; Rabbits; Skin Diseases; Time Factors

The skin of a new hairless mutation in the rat termed "bald" was examined histologically and enzyme histochemically with animals from three weeks to 18 months of age. The loss of hair in homozygous (bald) rats proved to occur as follows: a club hair rising within the hair follicle in the first catagen phase was not anchored and fell out due to dilatation of the follicular lumen. In the skin of bald rats from two to three months of age on, two types of cyst developed, one from the infundibulum of the hair follicle and the other from a lower follicular portion left in the dermis. Each had histologic patterns different from each other. The wall of the former cyst contained various-sized keratohyaline granules in a large number, while the latter was keratinized without granules. In addition to cyst formation, foreign-body granulomas frequently appeared from three months of age on, originating from degenerated follicular portions in the dermis. In advanced cases after 12 months of age, the granulomatous lesions were sharply demarcated from the other tissue. Histochemically, acid phosphatase activity was observed in the skin of bald rats, in the wall of the dilated hair follicles and the cystic wall where progressive keratinization with age occurred. This enzymatic activity tended to heighten as keratinization proceeded.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cysts; Female; Granuloma; Hair; Histocytochemistry; Male; Mice; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Rodent Diseases; Skin; Skin Diseases

Skin lesions from four patients with systemic and cutaneous sarcoidosis were studied, by the use of monoclonal antibodies, for the presence of T cells and T-cell subsets. Large numbers of lymphoid cells reacting with anti-pan T-cell (LEU-1) and anti-helper and inducer subset (LEU-3) monoclonal antibodies were observed around and within the sarcoid granulomas in three of the four patients. Only rare LEU-2-reactive suppressor cells were observed in all four patients. Activated T lymphocytes with focal acid phosphatase activity, together with epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells with strong diffuse activity of acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, were identified within the granulomas. The two patients with active disease demonstrated substantially more T cells in the sarcoid granulomas than did the two patients with chronic disease. Our study results suggest the importance of helper T cells in the formation of the sarcoid granuloma by mononuclear phagocytes and imply that the activity and duration of disease may be related to the T-cell populations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

The activities of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were investigated in several skin diseases. Biopsy specimens were taken from 49 patients with granulomatous lesions, including sarcoidosis, 16 patients with nongranulomatous lesions, and 13 normal individuals. The ACE level was measured fluorometrically and the lysosomal enzyme levels were measured by established techniques. It was found that ACE activity increased in all granulomatous skin lesions, but not in other inflammatory lesions. The enzyme activity showed an increase that paralleled the time course of the disease. In contrast, lysosomal enzymes increased in various types of skin lesions, suggesting that they reflect nonspecific inflammation. These findings indicate that the tissue ACE level may be a marker for granulomatous inflammation, but one that is not specific for sarcoidosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsin D; Cathepsins; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Humans; Lysosomes; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases

Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme and acid phosphatase were markedly elevated in the lesions of metal-induced hypersensitivity and foreign body types of granulomas. We biochemically studied these enzymes by means of gel filtration and electrophoresis and compared them with the same enzymes of normal dermis. Two forms of angiotensin-converting enzyme found in normal dermis were increased proportionally. Catalytic properties and heat stability of the enzyme in the lesions and normal dermis were the same. On the other hand, acid phosphatase in the lesions showed a different isozyme pattern from that seen in normal dermis. The enzyme from normal dermis had apparent molecular weight of 150000 and 90000, whereas an additional enzyme with a molecular weight of 230000 was detected in granulomatous lesions. Three isozymes were demonstrable in normal dermis but two additional isoenzymes appeared in granulomatous lesions: the isozyme patterns between the foreign body and hypersensitivity granulomas are different.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Drug Hypersensitivity; Granuloma; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Reference Values; Skin; Skin Diseases

In the present study the participation of lysosomal enzymes in the primary photosensitizing process in the skin of porphyric patients were investigated. Cutaneous photosensitivity reactions were produced in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda by irradiation with near UV light and also to a lesser degree with visible light. The reactions occurred almost exclusively in patients with urinary uroporphyrin excretion exceeding 900 nmol/24 h and preceeded any noticeable increase of lysosomal enzyme activity by several hours. These results indicate that lysosomal enzymes are not primarily involved in the photosensitizing reaction in porphyric patients but that they participate in the cutaneous inflammatory process in porphyric skin at a later stage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Coproporphyrins; Erythema; Female; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Porphyrias; Skin; Skin Diseases; Ultraviolet Rays; Uroporphyrins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Connective Tissue; Connective Tissue Cells; DNA; Enzymes; Esterases; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Granulation Tissue; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leprosy; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

In 8 patients with lymphadenosis benigna cutis (LABC) cytochemical and in 2 of them immunocytological studies have been performed. 1) In patients with LABC we find ectopic organoid proliferations of "lymphfollicle"-like structures within the dermis which predominately consist of small lymphocytes and large reticulum cells. Immunocytological differentiation of the lymphocytes leads to the characterization of B- and T-lymphocytes in a ration 2:1. 2) Large reticulum cells represent a peculiarly remarkable cell class in infiltrates of LABC. Because of their typical arrangement disseminated within the lymphocytic infiltrate they have been designated as "starry sky" cells. Cytochemically they are characterized by an unusual high content of nonspecific esterases and acid phosphatase, most of them show phagocytized basophilic bodies. Because of their shape, arrangement and enzymcytochemical behaviour these cells can be referred to as typical for the LABC disease. 3) Monocytes cannot be found within the "lymphfollicles". Mast cells and connective tissue cells are rarely observed. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes can be demonstrated in great numbers in any part of the involved cutis when there is an insect bite in history. 4) As a reaction of the ectopic proliferation of lymphoreticular tissue within the dermis there is an activation of the surrounding connective tissue with an increase of the alkaline phosphatase activity within these cells, new formation of collagen fibres and strong proliferation of alkaline phosphatase positive capillaries. 5) Etiopathologically it is stressed, that in LABC for example an insect bite induces stimulation of hematopoietic potentialities of undifferentiated mesenchymal germ centres within the cutis takes place, leading to the development of ectopic of "lymphfollicle" like structures.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Capillaries; Child; Child, Preschool; Connective Tissue Cells; Esterases; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Lymphadenitis; Mast Cells; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Reticulum; Skin Diseases; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Fibrinolysis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Tests; Skin Ulcer; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Syndrome; Thrombosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Arm; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Desmosomes; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Ichthyosis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Skin; Skin Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Male; Mammary Glands, Animal; Skin; Skin Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tars; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bromides; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythema; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Skin Diseases; Sodium; Solutions; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nucleic Acids; Precancerous Conditions; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcinosis; Calcium; Female; Humans; Male; Phosphates; Skin Diseases; Urea

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Female; Fibroblasts; Fibroma; Granuloma; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Povidone; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Autoradiography; Cytoplasm; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyalin; Hypertrophy; Ichthyosis; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Keratosis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microscopy, Electron; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin; Skin Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tritium; Uridine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aerosols; Animals; Canaries; Chickens; Cilia; Common Cold; Disease; Environmental Exposure; Epithelium; Humans; Humidity; Lead Poisoning; Malaria; Mice; Mucous Membrane; Newcastle disease virus; Orthomyxoviridae; Parathion; Pneumonia; Rats; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases; Temperature

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy; Skin Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Histological Techniques; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Lysosomes; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amyloidosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Creatine Kinase; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Catalase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Mucinosis, Follicular; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Skin Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Coloring Agents; Humans; Leprosy; Lipase; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Skin Diseases