acid-phosphatase and Sepsis

Sepsis stimulates an increase in the number and activity of mononuclear phagocytes in systemic host-defence organs. The present study was conducted to define the ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes that sequester in the lung microvasculature of septic rats. Fourteen rats were challenged with a single intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.5 ml/100 g), E. coli (2 x 10(7)/100 g) or glucan (4 mg/100 g), and euthanased 2, 4, or 7 d later. The lungs were inflation fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Cellular morphology was used to identify the intravascular mononuclear phagocytes and acid phosphatase (AcPase) expression was monitored as an index of cellular differentiation and activation. Control rats contained a limited number of monocytes in the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, large numbers of activated mononuclear phagocytes were seen in the microvasculature within 48 h of treatment with either microbial product. The recruited pulmonary intravascular mononuclear phagocytes (PIMP) exhibited AcPase-reactive Golgi complexes, accumulation of secretory vesicles and other features of cell activation consistent with enhanced biosynthetic activity. Subsequent electron microscopy, conducted 4 and 7 d posttreatment, suggested that a progressive decline in the number and activity of PIMPs then occurred. In order to quantify the sepsis-induced accumulation of AcPase-positive PIMP, the experimental challenges were repeated in 11 rats and, 48 h later, tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy for tartrate-insensitive acid phosphatase. Control rats exhibited 0.148 +/- 0.107 AcPase-positive PIMP/alveoli. E. coli and glucan challenged animals exhibited significant (P < 0.01) increases in AcPase-positive mononuclear phagocytes, with 0.782 +/- 0.073 and 0.636 +/- 0.170 PIMP/alveoli respectively. The results demonstrate that focal sepsis stimulates a significant, but transient, recruitment of activated mononuclear phagocytes into the rat pulmonary microvasculature.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cytoplasm; Escherichia coli Infections; Extracellular Space; Glucagon; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Male; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Phagocytes; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepsis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Prognosis; Risk; Sepsis; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acid; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis; Paralysis; Rheumatic Diseases; Sepsis; T-Lymphocytes

The activity of redox and hydrolytic enzymes was studied in the blood lymphocytes and neutrophils of rabbits infected with hemolitic Staphylococcus albus. The changes in the enzymatic activity of blood cells in generalized and localized forms of the inflammatory process depended on the form, course and duration of the disease. At early periods the indices of the acid phosphatase activity of lymphocytes had the greatest informative value for the diagnosis of the inflammatory process. The diagnostic significance of the activity of the alkaline phosphatase of neutrophils consisted in redistribution of cells by the degree of the enzyme activity.

Topics: Abscess; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Histocytochemistry; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Rabbits; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Neutrophils; Sepsis

The distribution of Brucella melitensis in various tissues and in subcellular fractions obtained from liver was investigated to evaluate the initial phases of brucellosis in the guinea pig. Fifty minutes after intravenous infection, brucellae were found principally in the blood and liver, with a substantial number recovered from spleen. Fractionation of liver established that most bacteria were found in the mitochondrial plus lysosomal (M + L) fraction; a significant number, however, sedimented in the nuclear (N) fraction. With time, there was a progressive shift of bacteria from the M + L to the N fraction, accompanied by a similar shift in acid phosphatase activities. Isopycnic centrifugation of mixtures of M + L fractions and brucellae permitted complete separation of acid phosphatase-bearing particles from bacteria. Similar experiments with fractions from infected animals showed that viable bacteria were found in both the acid phosphatase and free brucellae regions of the gradient. At 10 min postinfection, 52% of the recovered organisms were in the acid phosphatase region; at 30 min, 65%; at 60 min, 85%; and at 315 min, 79%. Detergent plus sonic treatment of an M + L fraction from the liver of an animal killed 50 min after infection caused most of the bacteria in the acid phosphatase region to shift to the region where free bacteria were found. These data suggested that brucellae sequestered in the liver were located primarily in the vacuolar apparatus of the cells which phagocytized them.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Guinea Pigs; Inclusion Bodies; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lung; Lysosomes; Myocardium; Phagocytosis; Phosphorus Isotopes; Sepsis; Spleen; Subcellular Fractions

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Carbon Isotopes; Child; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Klebsiella Infections; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Pyridines; Sepsis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytes; Pneumonia; Sepsis