acid-phosphatase and Schistosomiasis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Fasciola hepatica; Female; Histocytochemistry; Inclusion Bodies; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mitochondria; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin

Schistosomiasis is a serious worldwide parasitic disease. One of the best ways to control schistosomiasis is to control the population of Oncomelania hupensis snails. We sought to identify a high-efficiency biogenic molluscicide against Oncomelania with low toxicity, to avoid chemical molluscicide contamination and toxicity in aquatic organisms. We extracted quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) from Macleaya cordata fruits. Molluscicidal activity of the QBAs against Oncomelania was determined using bioassay. Our results showed that the extracted QBAs had a strong molluscicidal effect. In treatment of O. hupensis with QBAs for 48 h and 72 h, the lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.89 mg/L and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The molluscicidal activity of QBAs was close to that of niclosamide (ethanolamine salt), indicating that QBAs have potential development value as novel biogenic molluscicides. We also analyzed physiological toxicity mechanisms by examining the activity of several important detoxification enzymes. We measured the effect of the extracted QBAs on the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the liver of O. hupensis. We found that the effects of QBAs on detoxification metabolism in O. hupensis were time and concentration dependent. The activities of GST, CarE, AKP, and ACP in the liver of snails increased significantly in the early stage of treatment (24 h), but decreased sharply in later stages (120 h), compared with these activities in controls. GST, CarE, AKP, and ACP activity in the liver of snails treated with LC50 QBAs for 120 h decreased by 62.3%, 78.1%, 59.2%, and 68.6%, respectively. Our results indicate that these enzymes were seriously inhibited by the extracted QBAs and the detoxification and metabolic functions of the liver gradually weakened, leading to poisoning, which could be the main cause of death in O. hupensis snails.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alkaloids; Animals; Carboxylesterase; China; Fruit; Gastropoda; Glutathione Transferase; Inactivation, Metabolic; Liver; Molluscacides; Papaveraceae; Phenanthridines; Plant Extracts; Schistosomiasis

Histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma in two prostates heavily affected by schistosomiasis was determined immunohistochemically by localization of two prostatic specific markers and keratin. The demonstration of prostatic specific antigen and keratin served to differentiate between metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma associated with prostatic schistosomiasis from other prostatic and urinary bladder neoplasms.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Schistosomiasis; Seminal Vesicles; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Observations were made in the field and laboratory to determine the strain characteristics of Schistosoma intercalatum in south-east Gabon. For an isolate from Franceville, data are given for egg shape, behaviour of cercariae, seven enzyme systems separated by isoelectric focusing, and intermediate host specificity. Isolates from Cameroun (Edea) and Zaire (Kisangani) were included in a comparative study of the enzymes; Franceville and Edea isolates resembled each other but differed from the Zaire isolate in hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase. The Franceville isolate was polymorphic in phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate isomerase. The sum of characters indicates that S. intercalatum as known from south-east Gabon belongs to the strain found in Cameroun and western Gabon, rather than to the strain known from Zaire. More information is needed on strain distribution, particularly for an area including western Zaire and the Republic of the Congo, which appears to separate the two known strains.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Gabon; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Hexokinase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Ovum; Phosphoglucomutase; Schistosoma; Schistosomiasis; Snails; Species Specificity

Thirty-two female mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and 16 non-infected control mice were studied. They were killed by cervical dislocation, dissected and their ovaries examined histopathologically and histochemically. Ovaries of infected mice showed definite structural damage. No ova, worms or specific granulomata were detected. The study points to a possible immunological mechanism producing such changes simulating those occurring in schistosomal nephropathy. Detection of immune complexes in such organs is recommended.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Female; Mice; Ovary; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Succinate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase

Mice were infected with 1000 Schistosoma haematobium cercariae (Egyptian strain). Histopathological and histochemical studies were performed on the different organs, during the first four weeks after infection and on the fourth week after oviposition. Pathological changes during early prepatency matched with those in S. mansoni infection. Eggs were laid in aggregates in the colon and liver. They initiated the development of typical granulomatous lesions. Abundant bilharzial pigment and areas of sclerosis were present in both liver and spleen. The heart, kidneys and urinary bladder were pathologically free. Disturbed succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels were detected which point to a derangement in the functions of the cell organelles.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Intestines; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mice; Myocardium; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis; Spleen; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder

One therapeutic oral dose (400 mg/kg) of 153C51 administered to infested mice caused pathological changes in the dorsal region of the tegument of male Schistosoma mansoni during the period 3--24 h after treatment. These changes occurred prior to the 'hepatic shift'. At the ultrastructural level they consisted of a gradual accumulation in the tegument epidermis of numerous membranous inclusions with the characteristics of residual lysosomes and changes in the localization of acid phosphatase, a lysosomal enzyme. It seemed likely that these changes were due to inhibition or exhaustion of enzyme in the epidermis, followed by re-synthesis of enzyme in the cell bodies and its export to the epidermis. The elimination of hydrolytic activity from lysosomes in the epidermis would explain the accumulation of residual lysosomes. Drug-treated parasites retained their disguise of host red blood cell ghost antigens as shown by indirect fluorescent antibody-labelling and, therefore, it seemed unlikely that immunological factors could be important in producing the tegument pathology.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens; Epidermis; Female; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Vacuoles

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Africa; Animals; Cricetinae; Ecology; Electrophoresis; Female; Gerbillinae; Goats; Haplorhini; Humans; Intestines; Isoenzymes; Liver; Macaca; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosoma; Schistosomiasis; Sheep; Snails

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anthelmintics; Child; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Middle Aged; Niridazole; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Liver Diseases; Methods; Mice; Schistosomiasis; Time Factors