acid-phosphatase and Rupture

Dental tissues have special characteristics, and its regenerative capacity is noteworthy. However, understanding the circumstances that lead to regeneration is challenging. In this study, the chronology of the healing process after immediate replantation of rat incisor teeth was examined by histological and immunohistochemical analyses within a 60-day period. Thirty-six male Wistar rats had their maxillary right incisors extracted and replanted after 15 min in saline storage. The rats were sacrificed immediately 3, 7, 15, 28, and 60 days after replantation. The histological analysis showed rupture of the periodontal ligament and formation of a blood clot, which started being replaced by a connective tissue after 3 days. At 7 days, the gingival mucosa epithelium was reinserted and areas of root resorption could be seen. At 15 days, the periodontal ligament was repaired. At 3 days, the pulp presented an absence of the odontoblast layer, which started being replaced by a connective tissue. This tissue suffered gradual calcification, filling the root canal at 28 and 60 days. The root ends were closed. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed greater expression of OP, OPG, and RANK proteins in the initial periods (0 and 3 days), while TRAP expression predominated at 28 and 60 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in delayed tooth replantation, there is great new bone formation activity in the earlier periods of the repair process, while a predominance of bone resorption and remodeling is observed in the more advanced periods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Calcification; Epithelium; Gingiva; Immunohistochemistry; Incisor; Isoenzymes; Male; Odontoblasts; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Ligament; RANK Ligand; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Root Resorption; Rupture; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Time Factors; Tooth Apex; Tooth Replantation; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing

Collagen fragmentation in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explants and stifle synovial fluid was investigated in dogs with ruptured and intact CCL. Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were determined in CCL explant supernatants. Formation of collagen fragments was determined in explant supernatants and stifle synovial fluid. Cathepsin K(+) and TRAP(+) cells were stained specifically in histological sections of CCL. Formation of telopeptide collagen fragments was increased in ruptured CCL explants and stifle synovial fluid from dogs with ruptured CCL. In ruptured CCL explants, release of collagen fragments was associated with extracellular release of TRAP and the presence of cathepsin K(+) cells within CCL tissue. Cathepsin K(+) and TRAP(+) cells were only seen in ruptured CCL. It was concluded that infiltration of the CCL with TRAP(+) cells in dogs with CCL rupture is associated with increased collagenolysis. It is hypothesized that recruitment and activation of TRAP(+) mononuclear cells within the synovium and CCL precipitates CCL rupture through upregulation of collagenolytic enzymes and collagen degradation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Cathepsin K; Cathepsins; Collagen; Dogs; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Male; Rupture; Stifle; Synovial Fluid; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

To determine localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K in ruptured and healthy cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) in dogs.. 30 dogs with ruptured CCL, 8 aged dogs without ruptured CCL, and 9 young dogs without ruptured CCL.. The CCL was examined histologically and cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were identified histochemically and immunohistochemically, respectively.. Cathepsin K and TRAP were detected within the same cells, principally within the epiligamentous region and to a lesser extent in the core region of ruptured CCL. Numbers of cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly greater in ruptured CCL, compared with CCL from young or aged dogs, and numbers of such cells were greater in CCL from aged dogs, compared with those of young dogs. In aged dogs, small numbers of cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were seen in intact CCL associated with ligament fascicles in which there was chondroid transformation of ligament fibroblasts and disruption of the extracellular matrix.. Ruptured CCL contain greater numbers of cells with the proteinases TRAP and cathepsin K than CCL from healthy, young, or aged dogs. Results suggest that cell-signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aging; Animals; Cathepsin K; Cathepsins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hindlimb; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Joints; Ligaments; Male; Rupture; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The germinal or surface epithelium covering rabbit Graafian follicles contains occasional small, dark, lysosome-like bodies. After an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) such bodies gradually increase in size and number. At 8 hr after HCG there is a maximal accumulation in the apical follicle cells; then the dense bodies decrease and just prior to ovulation, 9.5 hr after HCG, only few of them remain in the attenuated surface epithelium. Most of the growing membrane-surrounded bodies probably represent lysosomes, since electron microscopy combined with cytochemistry revealed that many of them contain the lysosomal "marker" enzyme, acid phosphatase. The role of sex steroids and prostaglandins regarding lysosomal growth and LABILization is discussed. The close temporal relation between disappearance of the apical surface epithelial lysosomes and disintegration of the underlying tunica albuginea gives further support to our working hypothesis that at least part of the "ovulatory enzymes" emanate from the surface epithelium.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes; Ovarian Follicle; Ovulation; Rabbits; Rupture